Recombinant hiv-1 envelope proteins and their use

ABSTRACT

HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation and methods of their use and production are disclosed. In several embodiments, the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers and/or nucleic acid molecules can be used to generate an immune response to HIV-1 in a subject. In additional embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers can be administered to a subject in a method of treating or preventing HIV-1 infection.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 62/046,059, filed Sep. 4, 2014, and 62/136,480, filed Mar. 21, 2015, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

This disclosure relates to recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) polypeptides and immunogenic fragments thereof for treatment and prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and disease.

BACKGROUND

Over the last 50 years, millions of people have been infected or killed by HIV-1. A dominant contributing factor has been the immunoevasion of the HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer, a type 1 fusion machine that facilitates virus entry into cells by interacting with host cellular receptors and fusing virus and host-cell membranes. Despite its exposed position on the viral membrane and high titers of Env-reactive antibodies in infected individuals, the HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer successfully evades most antibody-mediated neutralization. This evasion is to a large degree responsible for the difficulty in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine.

The HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer includes three gp120-gp41 protomers, and displays unusual posttranslation processing including the addition of 25-30 N-linked glycans per gp120-gp41 protomer, tyrosine sulfation, and slow signal peptide cleavage. As an entry machine, HIV-1 Env undergoes several structural rearrangements from a prefusion mature (cleaved) closed conformation that evades antibody recognition, through intermediate conformations triggered by CD4 and co-receptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4) binding, to a postfusion conformation. Over the last 20 years substantial atomic-level detail has been obtained on these conformations, including structures of CD4-bound gp120, postfusion gp41, and the trimeric arrangement of prefusion gp120. The prefusion mature closed conformation of HIV-1 Env has, however, resisted atomic-level analysis.

It is believed that immunization with an HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in its prefusion mature closed conformation can elicit a neutralizing immune response that is protective against HIV infection. However, the lack of an atomic-level structure of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in this conformation stymied attempts to design HIV-1 Env proteins that are stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation for use as immunogens.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein for the first time is the atomic-level three dimensional structure of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain (including gp120 and the extracellular portion of gp41) in its prefusion mature closed conformation, the conformation of Env recognized by most broadly neutralizing antibodies. When viewed in the context of previously determined structures of HIV-1 Env in a CD4-bound conformation, the new structure provided herein affords a mechanistic understanding of the conformational transitions that HIV-1 Env undergoes from the mature closed to CD4-bound open prefusion conformations. Analysis of these conformational rearrangements, combined with an understanding of the evasion from and vulnerabilities to the immune system, provided an information matrix that was used to generate recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

The disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers resist transition to the CD4-bound open conformation of HIV-1 Env when incubated with CD4, and thus will retain the prefusion mature closed conformation when used as an immunogen to generate an HIV-1 Env immune response in a subject expressing CD4, such as a human. Retention of the prefusion mature closed conformation in the presence of CD4 avoids exposure of highly antigenic sites on the open conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain that are targeted by poorly neutralizing antibodies (such as 447-52D), and maximizes exposure of antigenic sites on the V1V2 “cap” of the HIV-1 ectodomain that are targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies.

In several embodiments, an isolated immunogen is provided that comprises a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment thereof stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation by one or more amino acid substitutions compared to a native HIV-1 Env sequence. The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises three gp120-gp41 protomers comprising a gp120 polypeptide and a gp41 ectodomain, and remains in the prefusion mature closed conformation when incubated with a molar excess of soluble CD4 (sCD4). In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer comprises an α7 helix that forms after position 570 of the gp41 ectodomain, and comprises V1V2 domains wherein the distance between positions 200 and 313 of adjacent V1V2 domains in the ectodomain trimer is less than five angstroms. In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment specifically binds to VRC26 mAb and/or PGT145 mAb, and does not specifically bind to 17b mAb when incubated with a molar excess of sCD4.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can be stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation by a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433. In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can be stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation by a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433, a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605, and a proline substitution at position 559. The HIV-Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 1. The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can comprises the sequence from a native HIV-1 Env ectodomain, such as from any one of a BG505 (SEQ ID NO: 2), CAP256.SU (SEQ ID NO: 51), a BB201.B42 (SEQ ID NO: 81), a KER2018.11 (SEQ ID NO: 107), a CH070.1 (SEQ ID NO: 174), a ZM233.6 (SEQ ID NO: 745), a Q23.17 (SEQ ID NO: 746), a A244 (SEQ ID NO: 747), a T250-4 (SEQ ID NO: 2114), 426c (SEQ ID NO: 2144), 45_01dG5 (SEQ ID NO: 2145), JRFL (SEQ ID NO: 2115), or a WITO.33 (SEQ ID NO: 748) strain of HIV-1, that has been modified to include the amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombination HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can be a chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer that comprises amino acid sequences from two or more HIV-1 strains. The use of immunogens based on diverse HIV-1 strains can overcome the intrinsic sequence diversity of HIV-1 Env. For example, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can comprise a V1V2 domain (such as HIV-1 positions 126-196) from a first strain of HIV-1, with the remainder of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer from a heterologous strain of HIV-1. In one example, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can comprise a V1V2 domain sequence from any one of a CAP256.SU (SEQ ID NO: 51), a BB201.B42 (SEQ ID NO: 81), a KER2018.11 (SEQ ID NO: 107), a CH070.1 (SEQ ID NO: 174), a ZM233.6 (SEQ ID NO: 745), a Q23.17 (SEQ ID NO: 746), a A244 (SEQ ID NO: 747), a T250-4 (SEQ ID NO: 2114), or a WITO.33 (SEQ ID NO: 748) strain of HIV-1, with the remainder of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain sequence from the BG505 (SEQ ID NO: 2) strain of HIV-1. The chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer further includes the one or more amino acid substitutions compared to a native HIV-1 Env sequence for stabilization in the prefusion mature closed conformation. In some embodiments, the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can comprise a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433, a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605, and a proline substitution at position 559, to stabilize the HIV-1 Env trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

As described in the Examples, prefusion mature gp41 wraps its hydrophobic core around extended N- and C-termini-strands of gp120. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can include a membrane proximal “platform” including the N- and C-terminal regions of gp120, and the gp41 ectodomain, from a first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505), and the remainder of gp120 from one or more heterologous HIV-1 strains. This chimeric design allows for production of heterogeneous HIV-1 Env proteins that comprise membrane distal features of interest (such as the V1V2 domain, V3 domain, and CD4 binding site) from diverse strains. In some embodiments, the recombinant Env ectodomain can include gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and the gp41 ectodomain (e.g., positions 512-664) from the first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505), and the remainder of the gp120 residues in the Env protein can be from a heterologous HIV-1 strain. In some embodiments, the heterologous HIV-1 strain can be selected from one of a CAP256.SU (SEQ ID NO: 51), a BB201.B42 (SEQ ID NO: 81), a KER2018.11 (SEQ ID NO: 107), a CH070.1 (SEQ ID NO: 174), a ZM233.6 (SEQ ID NO: 745), a Q23.17 (SEQ ID NO: 746), a A244 (SEQ ID NO: 747), a T250-4 (SEQ ID NO: 2114), 426c (SEQ ID NO: 2144), 45_01dG5 (SEQ ID NO: 2145), a JRFL (SEQ ID NO: 2115) or a WITO.33 (SEQ ID NO: 748) strain of HIV-1. The chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer further includes the one or more amino acid substitutions compared to a native HIV-1 Env sequence for stabilization in the prefusion mature closed conformation. In some embodiments, the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can comprise a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433, a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605, and a proline substitution at position 559, to stabilize the HIV-1 Env trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

In some embodiments, the gp120-gp41 protomers in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can be single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomains, wherein the C-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is linked to the N-terminal residues of the gp41 ectodomain (for example, by a peptide linker, such as a 10 amino acid or 15 amino acid glycine-serine peptide linker). In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can be linked to a transmembrane domain. For example, the C-terminal residue of gp41 (such as position 664) can be lined to a transmembrane domain by a peptide linker, such as a 10 amino acid glycine-serine peptide linker. The transmembrane domain can be, for example, an influenza HA transmembrane domain.

In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation can be included on a protein nanoparticle, such as a ferritin or lumazine synthase protein nanoparticle. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation and vectors including the nucleic acid molecules are also provided. Compositions including the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragments thereof, protein nanoparticles, nucleic acid molecules or vectors are also provided. The composition may be a pharmaceutical composition suitable for administration to a subject, and may also be contained in a unit dosage form. The compositions can further include an adjuvant. The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers may also be conjugated to a carrier to facilitate presentation to the immune system.

Methods of generating an immune response in a subject are disclosed, as are methods of treating, inhibiting or preventing a HIV-1 infection in a subject. In such methods a subject, such as a human subject, is administered an effective amount of a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, nucleic acid molecule or viral vector.

The foregoing and other features and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of several embodiments which proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate the structure of a prefusion HIV-1-Env trimer bound by PGT122 and 35O22 antibodies. FIG. 1A, smFRET of functional viral ectodomains, unliganded or in the presence of antibodies PGT122 and 35O22. Fluorophores were introduced into the V1 and V4 regions of JR-FL gp120, and smFRET signals measured with HIV-1 Env in the membrane-bound virion context (see FIG. 7). The concordance between conformational ensembles indicates unliganded and PGT122+35O22-bound conformation to be similar (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.988). FIG. 1B, Ternary complex structure of HIV-1-Env trimer BG505 SOSIP.664 with PGT122 Fab and 35O22 Fab. The gp120 subunit is shown in dark grey, the gp41 subunit in lighter grey. One protomer and associated Fabs is shown in ribbon and stick representation, a second protomer in surface representation, and the third protomer in grey.

FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate the prefusion structure of gp41. FIG. 2A, gp41 forms a 4-helix collar which wraps around extended N and C termini of gp120. Both gp120 (darker grey) and gp41 (lighter grey) are depicted in ribbon representation, with select residues and secondary structure labeled. The orientation shown here is similar to that of FIG. 1C, with perpendicular orientations provided in FIGS. 2B and 2C. (insert). The gp41 collar is clasped by the insertion of Met530gp41 into a tryptophan sandwich and by the complementary dipoles of helices α6 and α8. 2F_(o)-F_(e) electron density for clasp residues is depicted at is. FIG. 2B, gp41 holds the N and C termini of gp120 in its hydrophobic core. Representation are the same as in a, excepted that hydrophobic side chains are shown in stick representation and the orientation is rotated 90°, to depict the view from the viral membrane. FIG. 2C, gp41-trimer interfaces as viewed from side in ribbon and surface representation.

FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate entry rearrangements of HIV-1 Env. FIG. 3A, BG505 sequence of gp41 subunit (positions 512-664 of SEQ ID NO: 2), with prefusion and postfusion secondary structure. Fusion peptide (FP) is underlined. FIG. 3B, Difference distance analysis of prefusion BG505 and postfusion HIV-1/SIV chimeric gp41. Missing residues of BG505 (548-569) and of SIV (611-614) are indicated, along with secondary structure. FIG. 3C, Superposition of postfusion gp41 onto prefusion gp41 for α7 (left) and α9 (right) prefusion helices. FIG. 3D, HIV-1-Env entry rearrangements. EM reconstructions (top row) with gp120 (middle) and gp41 (bottom) rearrangements between each conformational state highlighted with lines to depict moving Ca between each conformation. Subunit models are shown in gray with modeling parameters provided in FIG. 15. Antigenic recognition of each of these state is shown in FIG. 26.

FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate that the prefusion HIV-1 gp120-gp41 structure shares conserved structural and topological features with other type 1 fusion machines. FIG. 4A, Prefusion (left) and postfusion (right) structures. The prefusion structures are shown for a single protomer in ribbon-representation. FIG. 4 B, the preformed C-terminal helix of postfusion coiled coil from a is shown, with fusion peptides (FP) and N and C terminal residues of postfusion coiled coils labeled, and the distance the inner coiled coil extends between prefusion and postfusion conformations indicated. FIG. 4C, The gp41-equivalents encircle extended β-strands of their gp120-equivalent partners. Ribbon representation are shown looking towards the viral membrane.

FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate the fully assembled shield revealed by prefusion HIV-1 gp120-gp41 trimer. FIG. 5A, Glycan shield. Env N-linked glycans are depicted in light grey (conserved; greater than 90% conservation) or dark grey (variable; less than 90% conservation) on the mature near-native Env structures for BG505 strain of HIV-1 (left), influenza virus H3 hemagglutinin (PDB: 2YP7) (middle), and RSV fusion glycoprotein subtype A (PDB: 4JHW) (right). Two conserved glycans, at residues 241gp120 and 616gp41 are not in the BG505 sequence. FIG. 5B, Env sequence variability. FIG. 5C, HIV-1-Env N-linked glycans and sequence variability for near-native and CD4-bound conformations.

FIGS. 6A-6E illustrate the location and prevalence on the HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer of neutralizing responses identified serologically from cohorts from 2-3 and 5+ years post-infection. FIG. 6A, The location of the neutralization epitopes for the different antibody specificities on the prefusion mature closed Env ectodomain trimer is depicted (top), with CD4-binding-site-directed antibody specificities (VRC01-, b12-, CD4-, and HJ16-like), 8ANC195-like, PG9-like (V1V2-directed), glycan V3 specificities (PGT128- and 2G12-like), 35O22-like specificities, and PGT151-like specificities indicated. FIG. 6B, (top) Broadly neutralizing epitopes on influenza virus hemagglutinin (left) and RSV fusion glycoprotein (right). (bottom) Glycan surface area and residue entropy in antibody epitopes for HIV-1, influenza, and RSV. FIG. 6C, Neutralization fingerprint. For each serum, the predicted neutralization prevalence for each of the 12 antibody specificities is shown based on neutralization of 21 diverse HIV-1 strains. FIG. 6D, Prevalence of antibody specificities onto the HIV-1-Env. FIG. 6E, Antibody specificities with high serum prevalence in the 5+ years cohort are depicted with antigen-binding fragments of representative antibodies (surface transparency proportional to prevalence) on the BG505 Env trimer, which is shown in cartoon representation, with glycans as sticks.

FIGS. 7A-7D show smFRET of HIV-1 Env in the context of infectious JR-FL virions. HIV-1_(JR-FL) gp160 was labelled with fluorescent dyes in variable regions V1 and V4 at positions that did not interfere with Env function, and virus was surface immobilized for imaging via total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (Munro, et al. Biophysical Journal 104, 415A (2013)). smFRET trajectories were compiled into histograms for the HIV-1_(JR-FL) Env trimer, either unliganded or after pre-incubated for 30 min with 0.1 mg/ml PGT122, 35O22, or both PGT122 and 35O22 prior to imaging. Resultant Env conformational landscapes could be deconvoluted into three gaussian distributions: a low-FRET population that predominated for the prefusion mature unliganded state, and intermediate- and high-FRET populations, which predominated in the presence of CD4 receptor and CD4-induced antibody (Munro, et al. Biophysical Journal 104, 415A (2013)). FIG. 7A, smFRET trajectories of the unliganded HIV-1_(JR-FL) Env trimer. Similar histograms were obtained in the presence of PGT122 (FIG. 7B), 35O22 (FIG. 7C), and both PGT122 and 35O22 (FIG. 7D).

FIGS. 8A-8C show antibody 35O22 and interface details. Despite the substantial immune evasion protecting the mature unliganded state from humoral recognition, after several years of infection, the human immune system does generate broadly neutralizing antibodies. One of these is the 35O22 antibody, which neutralizes 62% of HIV-1 isolates at a median IC₅₀ of 0.033 μg/ml. 35O22 binds parallel to the viral membrane, at a gp120-gp41 epitope (FIG. 1B). FIG. 8A, 35O22 Fab, gp120 subunit, gp41 subunit, and glycans are green. Complementary determining regions (CDRs) are labeled, and interactive HIV-1-Env residues highlighted in surface representation. At the membrane-distal surface of 35O22, an extended framework 3 region (FW3) of the heavy chain (resulting from an insertion of 8 residues) interacts with strand 31 of the 7-stranded inner domain sandwich of gp120. The heavy chain-CDRs from extensive contacts with the N-linked glycan extending from residue 88_(gp120). In addition to glycan contacts, the CDR H3 of 35O22 interacts with the α9 helix of gp41. Helix α9 interactions are also made by the FW3 of the light chain (a complete list of contacts is provided in FIG. 28). Overall, 35O22 buries 1,105 Å² solvent surface on gp120 (including 793 Å² with the Asn88_(gp120) glycan) and 594 Å² solvent surface on gp41 (including 127 Å² with the Asn618_(gp41) glycan). Despite residue 625_(gp41) being part of the glycan sequon “NMT”, no glycan is observed; indeed, the side-chain amide of residue 625_(gp41) hydrogen bonds with the side-chain oxygen of Tyβ2 in the 35O22 heavy chain, and the presence of an N-linked glycan at residue 625_(gp41) is difficult to reconcile with 35O22 recognition. FIG. 8B, 35O22 Fab shown in surface representation. FIG. 8C, 2F_(o)-F_(c) at 16 contour shown around glycan 88 of gp120. Antibody 35O22 employs a novel mechanism of glycan-protein recognition, combining a protruding FW3 with CDR H1, H2 and H3 to form a “bowl” that holds glycan. FW3 and CDR H3 provide the top edges of the bowl and interact with the protein surface of gp120, whereas CDR H1 and H2 are recessed and hold/recognize glycan. This structural mechanism of recognition contrasts with the extended CDR H3-draping glycan observed with other antibodies that penetrate the glycan shield such as PG9 and PGT128.

FIG. 9 shows a comparison of bound and unbound Fab conformations. Unbound and HIV-1-Env bound Fabs were superimposed, and ribbon representations and rmsds are displayed here. (left), Regions which showed conformational changes are highlighted with black dotted lines. A complete list of contacts between PGT122 and BG505 SOSIP.664 is provided in FIG. 29).

FIGS. 10A and 10B show the principal component analysis of HIV-1 Env. Principle component analysis indicated each gp120-gp41 blade to form a rectangle, with height of ˜100 Å, width of ˜65 Å, and thickness of ˜35 Å. FIG. 10A, Minimum bounding box, generated by principle component analysis, in shown encasing the HIV-1-Env gp120-gp41 protomer; subunits displayed in ribbon representation. As previously visualized (Walker, et al. Nature 477, 466-470 (2011)) the membrane-distal portion of the rectangle is made up of the gp120-outer and -inner domains, with the central 7-stranded 3-sandwich of the inner domain occupying the trimer-distal, membrane-proximal portion of gp120. The rest of the ectodomain trimer is now resolved: the membrane-proximal portion of the rectangle is made up of gp41, with the membrane-distal portion of gp41 closest to the molecular 3-fold axis occupied by a helix (which corresponds in register to the C-terminal portion of the postfusion HR1 helix of gp41), and the rest of gp41 folding around N- and C-termini-strands of gp120, which extend over 20 Å toward the viral membrane. FIG. 10B, Different views of trimeric protomer association.

FIGS. 11A and 11B show the conformational changes between gp120 prefusion and CD4-bound state. FIG. 11A, gp120 from BG505 (positions 31-511 of SEQ ID NO: 2) is shown in cartoon representation in prefusion (dark grey) and CD4-bound (light grey, PDB ID 3JWD) conformation. V1V2 (PDB ID 3U2S) has been modeled onto the CD4-bound conformation. Secondary structure changes from prefusion to CD4-bound conformation are shown with cylinders representing α-helix and arrows β-strands. Disordered residues are indicated by “X”. Residues that move more than 3 Å between the prefusion and the CD4-bound conformations are shown with grey shadows. FIG. 11B, Details of conformational changes between the prefusion and the CD4-bound conformation of gp120 (shown in cartoon): regions highlighted cover layer 1 with α0 changes, layer 2 with α1 changes and β20-21 rearrangements. All atoms rmsd for the following region are: for residues 54-74 in gp120, rmsd=4.759; for residues 98-117 in gp120, rmsd=0.497; for residues 424-436 gp120, rmsd=3.196. FIG. 11A is produced in color as extended data FIG. 4a in Pancera et al., Nature, 514(7523, 455-461, 2014, extended data FIG. 4a of Pancera et al. is incorporated by reference herein.

FIGS. 12A-12C show the relative protein surface occlusion by glycans. The solvent-accessible protein surface is shown in red and N-linked glycans are shown in green. Calculations of the percentage coverage of the protein surface were determined for the four trimer models based on two probe sizes of 1.4 Å (solvent radius) and 10.0 Å (the estimated steric footprint of an antibody combining region). FIG. 12A, Estimated Man-9 glycan coverage. FIG. 12B, Estimated Man-5 glycan coverage. FIG. 12C, Visualization of Man-9 N-linked glycan coverage for two probe radii. Surface area calculations were carried out according to Kong et al. (Kong, et al. Journal of molecular biology 403, 131-147 (2010)) and images were generated using Grasp v1.3 (Nicholls, et al. Proteins 11, 281-296 (1991)). The PDB IDs associated with the glycosylated models are: 4TVP (HIV-1), 2YP7 (Flu) and 4JHW (RSV).

FIGS. 13A and 13B show the prevalence of neutralizing responses identified serologically from cohorts from (FIG. 13A) years 2-3 and (FIG. 13B) years 5+ post infection. For each serum, the predicted neutralization prevalence for each of 12 antibody specificities is shown based on neutralization of 21 diverse HIV-1 strains. Serum neutralization on 21-strain virus panel is shown in FIG. 30.

FIG. 14 is a table providing data collection and refinement statistics for the BG505.SOSIP.664-PGT122-35O22 protein complex structure.

FIG. 15 is a table listing the modeling parameters for gp120 and gp41 rearrangements. To provide reference frames for the various prefusion conformational states, we extracted Env component of SOSIP bound by VRC-PG04 (Lyumkis, et al. Science 342, 1484-1490 (2013)) and by VRC03 (Bartesaghi, et al. Nature structural & molecular biology 20, 1352-1357 (2013)) and the resultant maps with the CD4-bound conformation trimeric BAL (Tran, et al. PLoS pathogens 8, e1002797 (2012)). Once maps were aligned, gp120 and gp41 models were fit to each of the maps as defined in the table in black text after “gp120” and “gp41”. In addition to rigid-body fits of crystal structures, specific regions of gp120 and gp41 were modeled and are defined in the table in red text after different portions of gp120 and gp41 relative to the prefusion mature closed conformation.

The prefusion mature closed conformation of gp120 and gp41 was established from the crystal structure presented in Example 1 and was fit without modification to EMDB-5779 with density from PGV04 fabs computationally removed. The prefusion partially open intermediate conformation was modeled by a rigid body fitting of gp120 to EMDB-2484 with density from VRC03 Fabs computationally removed. α7 of gp41 was extended into the unoccupied density at the N-terminus of the helix using the mature closed structure as a starting model. The prefusion receptor-bound intermediate was modeled by fitting the CD4-bound gp120 core crystal structure (PDB ID 3JWD) to the CD4-bound EMDB-5455 map. V3 of the crystal structure (PDB ID 3HI1) was aligned to the core and the V1V2 crystal structure (PDB ID 3U4E) was fit to the remaining density. α7 of gp41 was extended through an alignment with crystal structures of postfusion gp41 (PDB IDs 2X7R, 2EZO). Postfusion gp120 is in the same conformation as the prefusion receptor-bound intermediate and the postfusion gp41 structure was derived from an alignment of SIV and HIV postfusion crystal structures (PDB IDs 2X7R, 2EZO).

FIGS. 16A and 16B are tables showing binding parameters of the 35O22, PGT151, and PGT145 antibodies to trimeric BG505 SOSIP.664. *NBD: No binding detected, (double dagger) SE: Standard error calculated from global fit of 6 independent injections. FIG. 16A: # Levels of captured trimer varied between 400-500 RU for the CD4 Ig and 2G12 captures, whereas ˜1500 RUs of trimer (+sCD4) was captures in the 17b capture format. FIG. 16B: SE: Standard error calculated from global fit of 6 independent injections; SD: Standard deviation of trimer capture from 6 independent injection; Normalized: (R_(max)/Level of trimer capture)*100.

FIG. 17 is a table showing the atomic-level structures for HIV-1-Env regions determined in complex with HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies generally recognize the prefusion conformation of HIV-1 Env. Thus structures highlighted here display a cumulative sum total of prefusion HIV-1-Env structural information. Env residues are numbered according to standard HXB2 numbering (from PDBs). One structure, for antibody D5, is in the postfusion gp41 conformation, and is thus not included in the sum total. Other structures for PDB 4CC8, 4NCO, and 3J5M, do not define sequence register, and are also not included in the sum total.

FIGS. 18A-18C show biolayer interferometry binding profiles of monoclonal antibodies to BG505 SOSIP.664. Octet Biosensorgrams of BG505 SOSIP.664 (FIG. 18A) or BG505 gp120 (FIG. 18B) binding to human monoclonal IgGs. Human monoclonal antibodies were loaded onto AMC probes and association with gp140 or gp120 proteins (at 50 μM concentration) were allowed to proceed for 300s, followed by dissociation for 300s with the responses measured in nm using an Octet Red 384 machine. All experiments were carried out at 30° C. in PBS buffer (pH 7.4) supplemented with 1% BSA to minimize non-specific binding. The dotted line indicates the beginning of the dissociation phase and the maximal specific binding after 300s reported in the table shown in FIG. 18C (− no binding, + from background to 0.175 RU, ++ 0.175 RU to 0.35 RU and +++ from 0.35 RU to 0.8 RU). BG505gp120 did not contain the T332N mutation (no glycan at that position). The antigenicity of the BG505 SOSIP.664 protein varied depending on the assay done. Thus, using surface plasmon resonance, no CD4i antibodies binding was detected while some binding could be observed using biolayer interferometry.

FIG. 19 is a set of ribbon diagrams showing modeling of gp41 residues 548-568. At low contour, suggestive density is observed that might correspond to the connection between α6 and α7 helices. To investigate the degree to which a model for this region might be defined, two different models for this region were built and refined, as shown in FIG. 19A, with electron density shown for 2F₀-F_(c) density at 1σ contour. The location of the I/P mutation at 559 is indicated. FIG. 19B, Superimposed models shown in perpendicular orientations.

FIGS. 20A-20C illustrate the gp120-gp41 and gp41-gp41 interfaces. FIG. 20A, Cartoon representation of gp120 and gp41. Region of gp120 that interacts with gp41 is shown in surface representation and region of gp41 that interacts with gp120 is shown in semitransparent surface. FIG. 20B, gp41-trimer interfaces as viewed from the viral membrane in ribbon and surface representation (90° rotation from FIG. 2C). FIG. 20C, Residues that have been shown by mutagenesis (Helseth et al., J Virol, 65, 2119-2123 (1991); Thali et al., J Virol, 66, 5516-5524 (1992); Cao, J. et al. J Virol, 67, 2747-2755 (1993); Leavitt et al., J Virol, 77, 560-570 (2003); Yang et al., Virology 313, 117-125 (2003); Sen et al., Biochemistry 47, 7788-7795 (2008); Wang et al., J Biol Chem 283, 32644-32649 (2008)) to be important for gp120/gp41 association are underlined on sequence and residues that are shown to interact between gp120 and gp41 from the crystal structure are indicated in red from the same protomer and in orange if between two protomers. The sequence of HIV-1 Env ectodomdina from BG505 (positions 31-664 of SEQ ID NO: 2 is shown). Sites of N-linked glycosylation are shown in green.

FIG. 21 illustrates HIV-SIV postfusion chimera. Sequences of HIV-1 gp41 prefusion, postfusion (HIVpost, PDB ID: 2X7R) and SIV postfusion (SIVpost, PDB ID: 2EZO) are aligned with secondary structure indicated. Residues that were used to make the postfusion HIV-1/SIV chimera used in FIG. 3 are shown in red.

FIGS. 22A and 22B illustrate the fusion-intermediate entry inhibitors of HIV-1 envelope. FIG. 22A, The binding residues of representative fusion-intermediate targeting entry inhibitors or antibodies were mapped onto the structure of pre-fusion envelope (Lawless et al., Biochemistry 35, 13697-13708 (1996); Chen et al., J Virol, 69, 3771-3777 (1995); Root et al., Science 291, 884-888 (2001)). Upper panels, ribbon representation of pre-fusion envelope protomer A, at two orientations, with the binding residues of the fusion-intermediate inhibitors 5-helix, T20, and monoclonal antibody D5 indicated. Lower panels, surface representation of the pre-fusion envelope trimer, with the fusion-intermediate binding residues mapped onto the surfaces of all protomers. gp120 is colored lighter gray and gp41 is colored darker grey. Binding residues of fusion-intermediate inhibitors 5-helix, T20, and monoclonal antibody D5 (Luftig et al., Nature structural & molecular biology 13, 740-747 (2006)) are indicated. FIG. 22B, Fusion-intermediate entry inhibitors T20, 5-helix, and D5 Fab docked onto a model of fusion-intermediate gp41.

FIG. 23 shows a set of graphs showing the effect of CD4 and CD4/17b on binding of antibodies 35O22 and PGT151 to BG505 SOSIP.664. The structure of a near-native prefusion state of HIV-1 provides a critical addition to the pantheon of HIV-1 Env structures with atomic-level detail. Moreover, antibodies 35O22 and PGT151, which bind specifically to the trimeric prefusion conformation of gp41, provide new tools by which to assess the conformational state of gp41 (Blattner et al., Immunity 40, 669-680 (2014); Falkowska et al., Immunity 40, 657-668 (2014). The binding of antibodies 35O22 and PGT151 to BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer was tested in the presence of the CD4 receptor and the 17b antibody (Thali et al., J Virol, 67, 3978-3988 (1993) (a co-receptor surrogate which recognizes a bridging sheet epitope that overlaps the site of co-receptor recognition). In the case of antibody 35O22, CD4 binding to the BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer impacted the kinetics, affinity and stoichiometry of binding. 35O22 bound to BG505 SOSIP.664 with an 8.4-fold reduced affinity, primarily contributed by an increased rate of dissociation. The overall binding level (Rmax) normalized to the average level of trimer captured (see also FIG. 16) was lower suggesting substoichiometric binding. Capturing the trimer on a CD4-Ig surface reduced normalized R_(max) for PGT151 compared to the 2G12 capture format, suggesting reduced stoichiometry for PGT151 binding to trimer pre-bound with CD4, although kinetics and affinity of interaction were similar. A BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer+sCD4 complex captured onto a 17b surface bound 35O22 but showed no detectable binding to PGT151.

FIGS. 24A and 24B illustrate the postfusion binding pocket of gp41 clasp residues Trp628 and Trp631 is targeted by neutralizing antibodies. FIG. 24A, Shown are ribbon representations of gp41 5-helix protein (Root, et al 2001) (left) docked with an additional C-heptad repeat (CHR) helix (middle panel) or with a representative neutralizing antibody, D5, that targets this site (Luftig et al., Nature structural & molecular biology 13, 740-747 (2006); Gustchina et al., PLoS pathogens 6, e1001182 (2010); Sabin et al., PLoS pathogens 6, e1001195 (2010)) (right panel). Residues of the prefusion clasp, W628 and W631, that are part of CHR are indicated. N-heptad repeat (NHR) helices and CHR helices are indicated. FIG. 24B, Surface representation of 5-helix protein (same orientation and coloring as in FIG. 24A) is shown with the footprints of gp41 clasp residues W628 and W631 (middle panel) and antibody D5 (right panel).

FIGS. 25A-25E are a set of tables showing binding and contact parameters for the gp120-gp41 interface in the HIV-1 viral spike. D: Disulfide bond, H: Hydrogen bond, S: Salt bridge. ASA: Accessible Surface Area, Å², BSA: Buried Surface Area, Å², ΔiG: Solvation energy effect, kcal/mol, III: Buried area percentage, one bar per 10%.

FIG. 26 is a table and a set of ribbon diagrams illustrating structures that are related to the gp120/gp41 structure in the prefusion mature closed conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer.

FIGS. 27A and 27B illustrate qualitative recognition of HIV-1 envelope by diverse antibodies is shown for five conformational states. Light grey bars indicate anticipated recognition, dark grey bars no recognition, and absence of a bar indicates that recognition is undefined. HIV-1 recognition is from cited references (Luftig et al., Nature structural & molecular biology 13, 740-747 (2006); Blattner et al., Immunity 40, 669-680 (2014); Gustchina et al., PLoS pathogens 6, e1001182 (2010); Sabin et al., PLoS pathogens 6, e1001195 (2010); Liao et al., Nature 496, 469-476 (2013); Zhou et al., Science 329, 811-817 (2010); Scheid et al., Science 333, 1633-1637 (2011); Sanders et al., PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618 (2013); Yasmeen et al., Retrovirology 11, 41 (2014); Lyumkis et al., Science 342, 1484-1490 (2013); Ringe et al., PNAS USA 110, 18256-18261 (2013); Julien et al., Science 342, 1477-1483 (2013); Walker et al., Nature 477, 466-470 (2011); Stanfield et al., Human antibodies 14, 73-80 (2005); Pancera et al., PNAS USA 107, 1166-1171 (2010); Huang et al., Science 310, 1025-1028 (2005); Huang et al., Science 317, 1930-1934 (2007); Rizzuto et al., Science 280, 1949-1953. (1998); Guan et al., PNAS USA 110, E69-78 (2013); Gorny et al., Virology 267, 220-228 (2000); Yuan et al., AIDS research and human retroviruses 25, 319-328 (2009); Moore et al., J Virol, 80, 2515-2528 (2006); Miller et al., PNAS USA 102, 14759-14764 (2005); Chen et al., J Virol, 88, 1249-1258 (2014); Chakrabarti et al., AIDS research and human retroviruses 27, 877-887 (2011); Frey et al., PNAS USA 105, 3739-3744 (2008); Nicely et al., Nature structural & molecular biology 17, 1492-1494 (2010); Huang et al., Nature 491, 406-412 (2012)) or from antibodies 35O22 and PGT151 recognition of HIV-1 Env as shown herein (see FIG. 16).

FIGS. 28A-28D and 29A-29D show a set of tables listing binding and contact parameters for the interaction of the 35O22 heavy and light chains variable regions with the trimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain. D: Disulfide bond, H: Hydrogen bond, S: Salt bridge. ASA: Accessible Surface Area, Å², BSA: Buried Surface Area, Å², ΔiG: Solvation energy effect, kcal/mol, III: Buried area percentage, one bar per 10%.

FIGS. 30A and 30B are a set of tables listing serum neutralization results from a 21-strain virus panel.

FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram illustrating structural implementation of HIV-1 evasion.

FIGS. 32A-32D are a set of ribbon diagrams and graphs illustrating that the unliganded HIV-1 Env trimer is structurally compatible with epitopes of broadly neutralizing but not ineffective antibodies. FIG. 32A, Superposition of unliganded and antibody bound HIV-1 Env structures. (Left) The unliganded gp120 core monomer is shown in ribbons representation, with regions of less (or greater) than 2 Å RMSD upon antibody binding indicated, and representative antibody-bound structures in black. (Middle and right) Unliganded and antibody-bound HIV-1 Env trimers. (In the right panel, antibodies PGT122 and 35O22 are shown in gray semitransparent surfaces, and the rear protomer has been removed for clarity). FIG. 32B, Breadth-potency of broadly neutralizing and ineffective antibodies on a diverse 170 HIV-1 isolate panel. FIG. 32C, Unliganded Env structure is displayed as a Ca-ribbon, with antibody epitope residues light grey (structurally compatible) or dark grey (incompatible). RMSD (solid fill) and volume overlap (striped fill) with the respective antibody-Env complexes are shown as a bar graph, with two linear scales split at the RMSD and antibody-antigen volume overlap cutoffs of 2 Å and 500 Å³, respectively; bars below the respective cutoffs. Antibody labels are dark grey if incompatible, and gray if not present in the structure. FIG. 32D, Structural compatibility versus breadth. Volume overlap (left), RMSD (middle) and Antigenic Structural Compatibility score (ASC) (right) are graphed versus antibody breadth on a diverse 170 HIV-1 isolate panel. P-values for Spearman correlations provided.

FIGS. 33A-33F are a set of diagrams and graphs illustrating the antigenicity and conformational fixation of unliganded HIV-1 Env. FIG. 33A, BG505 SOSIP.664 structural compatibility versus binding antigenicity, in the absence (left) and presence (right) of CD4; average binding of each antibody is provided, and ineffective antibodies labeled (CD4bs:CD4-binding site, CD4i: CD4-induced, non: non-neutralizing, V3: V3-loop directed). FIG. 33B, Conformationally stabilized BG505 SOSIP.664 variants. The central image depicts the unliganded BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 Env trimer, with two protomers shown in cartoon representation. Insets: atomic-level details. *Residue 559 is disordered in the unliganded structure. FIG. 33C, Binding antigenicity of BG505 SOSIP.664 and alterations to BG505 SOSIP.664 that stabilize the unliganded closed state. Heat map shows binding of BG505 SOSIP.664 and variants to a panel of antibodies. A433P was temporally less stable than 201C-433C (Extended Data FIG. 6b ) FIG. 33D, Structure of BG505 SOSIP.664 201C-433C is compatible with binding antigenicity, in both the absence (left) and presence (right) of CD4, with antibodies and average binding of broadly neutralizing and ineffective antibodies as in FIG. 33A. FIG. 33E, Atomic-level models of residues 201 and 433 in unliganded prefusion closed and CD4-bound conformations. Ribbon representation of the two structures are shown with bridging sheet shown in dark grey, residues 201 and 433 highlighted and Cα distance between the two indicated. Positions of the variable loops are shown. (Monomeric CD4-bound conformation from PDB ID 3JWD, 3U4E and 2B4C.) FIG. 33F, Differential scanning calorimetry.

FIGS. 34A-34F are a set of diagrams and graphs illustrating that unliganded HIV-1 Env binds a single CD4 without the typical antigenic hallmarks of CD4 triggering. FIG. 34A, Binding of soluble CD4 to SOSIP.664 and mutants that stabilize the prefusion mature closed state measured by SPR (CD4 on chip). FIG. 34B, Kinetics of CD4 activation by SPR measured by binding to 17b, which recognizes a bridging sheet epitope (17b on chip; left) and to 3074, which recognizes a V3 epitope (3074 on chip; right). FIG. 34C, Sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation measurements of BG505 SOSIP.664 and 201C-433C variant in presence of excess soluble CD4. FIG. 34D, Butterfly plots display the HDX profiles of BG505 SOSIP.664 DS variant (left) and DS variant with CD4 (right). The percent exchange is plotted for each peptide; raw difference plots are shown below. Qualitative changes by HDX are displayed on one lobe of the unliganded trimer with regions becoming more ordered and disordered. FIG. 34E, smFRET of JR-FL virions with and without 201C-433C substitution. Population FRET histograms are each paired with transition density plots, which display the relative density of observed transitions. FIG. 34F, HIV-1 entry mechanism with conformation-blocking mutations, antigenicity, and interactions with functional ligands. The results reveal a new mechanistic state, which is characterized by the binding of a single molecule of CD4, no bridging sheet formation and reduced V3 loop exposure.

FIGS. 35A and 35B are a set of graphs illustrating properties of conformationally fixed HIV-1 Env trimeric immunogens. FIG. 35A, Physical stability of trimeric BG505 SOSIP.664 201C-433C as determined by the quaternary specific antibody VRC26.09 after 60 minutes of incubation at extremes of temperature, pH, or ten freeze-thaw cycles. FIG. 35B, Virus-like particle (VLP) antigenicity. Strain JR-FL was modified with E168K to allow binding of V1V2-directed broadly neutralizing antibodies; strain BG505 was modified with T332N to allow binding of 2G12 antibody. While broadly neutralizing antibody binding is maintained between parent and 201C-433C VLPs, the 201C-433C variant shows reduced ineffective antibody binding, especially in the presence of CD4. Ineffective antibodies labeled (CD4bs: CD4-binding site, CD4i: CD4-induced, V3: V3-loop directed) FIGS. 36A-36D are a set of graphs and tables illustrating the characterization of purified BG505 SOSIP.664 and selected variants. FIG. 36A, Properties of purified gp140 proteins. *the percentage of trimers was obtained by measuring area under the curve of the gel filtration profile of the various peaks representing aggregates, gp140 trimer, dimer and monomer. FIG. 36B, gel filtration profiles on Superdex 200 with indicated line showing a second round of purification when performed. Dotted lines show the fractions selected for analyses. FIG. 36C, 2D class averages from a reference-free classification of negative stained EM data for each protein. Box size=28 nm. FIG. 36D, 447-52D negative selection. Trimeric peak of BG505 SOSIP.664 purified over gel filtration is used as starting point. Protein is passed over a 447-52D affinity column and flow through collected as well as eluate from the 447-52D column (with 3 M MgCl2). SDS-page under reducing (R) and non-reducing conditions (NR) is shown with protein before 447-52 negative selection, protein after 447-52D negative selection and eluate from the 447-52D affinity column. A higher molecular weight band can be removed by 447-52D negative selection. SPR measurement of the same three fractions, before, after and eluate binding to 2G12, 447-52D and CD4. The portion of the protein that binds to 447-52D can be removed by negative selection while maintaining CD4 and 2G12 binding. 80% of the protein is recovered after 447-52D negative selection.

FIGS. 37A-37E are a set of graphs illustrating the antigenicity of purified BG505 SOSIP.664 and selected variants by MSD and ELISA. FIG. 37A, Antigenicity of BG505 SOSIP.664 and mutants by MSD-ECLIA. Plots show binding of neutralizing, non- or weakly neutralizing antibodies (dark grey) and antibodies in presence of CD4 to BG505 SOSIP.664 and mutants. FIG. 37B, Temporal stability of BG505 SOSIP.664, A433P and 201C-433C. FIG. 37C, Comparison of antigenicity of BG505 SOSIP.664 and 201C-433C in absence and presence of soluble, 2-domain CD4. FIG. 37D, Antigenicity of BG505 SOSIP.664 and 201C-433C assessed by ELISA. FIG. 37E, Pair wise comparison of antigenicity data obtained by MSD-ECLIA and ELISA.

FIGS. 38A-38 are a set of graphs and tables illustrating the antigenicity of purified BG505 SOSIP.664 and 201C-433C by SPR and BLI. Binding of BG505 SOSIP.664 and 201C-433C measured by FIG. 38A, Surface Plasmon Resonance and FIG. 38B, Biolayer Interferometry. FIG. 38C, Affinities of BG505 SOSIP.664 and 201C-433C to neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies by SPR and Biolayer interferometry. FIG. 38D, Pairwise comparison of antigenicity data by 4 methods—MSD, ELISA, BLI and SPR. The P values were corrected for false discovery rate for multiple comparisons.

FIGS. 39A-39D are a set of graphs illustrating the characterization of BG505 SOSIP.664 and 201C-433C binding to CD4-induced epitopes in absence and presence of CD4 by FIG. 39A, MSD-ECLIA FIG. 39B, SPR with antibodies captured on an anti-Fc surface and trimer as analyte, SOSIP is shown in solid line and 201C-433C in dashed line, trimer without CD4 is dark grey and trimer with CD4 light grey. FIG. 39C and FIG. 39D, ELISA at 0.5 μg/ml and 2 μg/ml trimer captured on D7324-coated plates, respectively.

FIGS. 40A-40E are a set of graphs illustrating the CD4-induced activation of HIV-1 Env. FIG. 40A, SPR analysis of (top panel) co-receptor site exposure and (bottom panel) HR2-site exposure upon CD4 activation. FIG. 40B, CD4-induced binding of SOSIP and P313W mutant to 17b. Trimer samples at concentrations from 40 nM to 2.5 nM in 2-fold dilutions were combined with 200 nM sCD4 and injected on a 200RU 17b IgG surface. FIG. 40C, SPR single-cycle kinetics analysis of 17b Fab binding to soluble trimers activated with sCD4. Under conditions of constant 50 nM sCD4 flow, 17b Fab at was injected incrementally in 2-fold dilutions from 25 nM to 1.5 nM on trimer captured on a 2G12 chip. A433P and 201C-433C were further subjected to 17b Fab concentrations ranging from 500 nM to 31.25 nM (insets). FIG. 40D, Time-dependent increase in exposure of V3 epitope (3074 detection) and bridging sheet (17b detection) in SOSIP trimers on incubation with sCD4. FIG. 40E, Ability of HIV-1 BG505 and mutants to enter CD4+CCR5+ cells.

FIG. 41 is a set of graphs illustrating the analysis of stoichiometry of CD4-binding to BG505SOSIP.664.332N or the DS variant, BG505SOSIP 201C-433C. Masses were determined for each molecule by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, as follows: BG505.SOSIP.664 ((109,994±11 Da)×3=329,982±33 Da), BG505.SOSIP.664 201C-433C ((109,006±10 Da)×3=327,018±30 Da), and CD4 d1d2 (20,329±2 Da). For the BG505 SOSIP molecules, monomer masses were determined, but trimeric masses were used in the analytical ultracentrifugation fitting. Four fittings are shown for each experiment, with fits calculated for 0, 1, 2, or 3 bound CD4 molecules, respectively. For BG505SOSIP.664.N332, the residual errors switch direction between 1:2 and 1:3 stoichiometries, suggesting 2-3 CD4 molecules bound. For the DS mutant, BG505SOSIP 201C-433C, the residual errors fit best at 1:1 stoichiometry and fail to fit higher numbers of bound CD4 molecules, indicating 1 CD4 molecule bound per DS trimer.

FIGS. 42A-42G, 43 and 44 are a set of tables showing antigenic characteristics of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers (FIGS. 42A-42G, and 44), protein nanoparticles including recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers (FIG. 43). The binding activity of the recombinant HIV-1 Env trimers or protein nanoparticles including recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers was compared to that of the HIV-1 Env BG505 SOSIP.664 construct by ELISA assay. “+++” indicates binding within 75% of HIV-1 Env BG505 SOSIP.664, “++” indicates binding between 50-75% of HIV-1 Env BG505 SOSIP.664, “+” indicates binding within 25-50% of HIV-1 Env BG505 SOSIP.664, and “−” indicates binding within 0-25% of HIV-1 Env BG505 SOSIP.664.

FIGS. 45 and 46 are schematic diagrams illustrating the construction of chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers including gp120 N- and C-terminal sequences from a first HIV-1 strain (shown in lighter grey) with the remainder of gp120 from a second HIV-1 strain (shown in darker grey).

FIG. 47 is a ribbon diagram showing a single protomer of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in a mature prefusion closed conformation, with certain structural elements and residues indicated. The β-4 and β-3 strands at the N-terminal region of gp120 and the β26 and β25 strands and α5 helix at the C-terminal region of gp120 indicated. Many of the residues of gp120 that interface with gp41 (residues 46-54, 70-75, 84-89, 99, 102, 106, 107, 114, 215, 220-224, 226, 244, 471-473, 476-477) are present.

FIG. 48 shows a set of coommassie stained SDS-PAGE gels and elution profile graphs illustrating purification chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers including sequences of the BG505 HIV-1 strain and one of the 3301, ZM53, CAP256-SU, and 25925 HIV-1 strains.

FIG. 49 is a set of graphs illustrating the antigenicity of chimeric HIV-1 Env trimers including the ZM53_BG505-NCgp120_gp41.SOSIP (SEQ ID NO: 386), 25925-2.22_BG505-NCgp120_gp41.SOSIP (SEQ ID NO: 383), and 3301_V1_C24_BG505-NCgp120+gp41.SOSIP (SEQ ID NO: 384) constructs.

FIG. 50 shows a coommassie blue stained polyacrylamide gel and a graph illustrating expression, purification, and antigenicity of a chimeric HIV-1 Env trimers including a gp120 sequence from the BG505 strain, a gp41 sequence from the CAP45 strain, and the SOSIP mutations (SEQ ID NO: 772).

FIG. 51 is a set of graphs illustrating that the neutralization profile of the indicated antibodies for the native DU156 virus correlates with the antigenic profile of a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation as disclosed herein.

FIG. 52 shows a set of electron micrograph images indicating that purified CNE58-strandC, CAP256-SU, and 3301_V1_C24_bg505 chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains attain trimeric closed configuration.

FIGS. 53A-53D are a set of tables illustrating the antigenic characteristics of the indicated recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers. A “1” following the name of recombinant Env ectodomain indicates that the assayed HIV-1 Env ectodomain is a chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain including gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues 512-664 from the BG505 strain with SOSIP substitutions, and a disulfide between residues 201-433, with the remainder of the gp120 sequence from a second HIV-1 strain. A “2” following the name of recombinant Env ectodomain indicates that the assayed HIV-1 Env ectodomain is a chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain including gp120 residues 31-45, 478-507, and Interface Residue Set A (see Example 5), and gp41 residues 512-664 from the BG505 strain with SOSIP substitutions, and a disulfide between residues 201-433, with the remainder of the gp120 sequence from a second HIV-1 strain. A “3” following the name of recombinant Env ectodomain indicates that assayed HIV-1 Env ectodomain is a chimeric single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomain including gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues 512-664 from the BG505 strain with SOSIP substitutions, and a disulfide between residues 201-433, with the remainder of the gp120 sequence from a second HIV-1 strain, and peptide linker in place of the protease cleavage site between gp120 and gp41. A “4” following the name of recombinant Env ectodomain indicates that the assayed HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes the SOSIP substitutions is a chimeric protein including gp120 residues 31-34 from the BG505 strain with SOSIP substitutions, and a disulfide between residues 201-433, with the remainder of the gp120 and gp41 sequences from a second HIV-1 strain.

FIGS. 54A and 54B are a set of graphs illustrating results from ELISA assays showing that the BG505.SOSIP.664.201C-433C HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer induces production of HIV-1 Env trimer specific and V3-peptide specific antibodies in rabbits (FIG. 54A) and guinea pigs (FIG. 54B).

FIGS. 55A-55C are a table and a set of graphs showing results from HIV-1 neutralization assays using sera collected from rabbits or guinea pigs immunized with the BG505.SOSIP.664 HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or the BG505.SOSIP.664.201C-433C “DS” HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer. Each immunogen elicited comparable autologous virus (BG505.W6M.C2.T332N) and V3 directed tier 1 virus (MW965.26) neutralizing activity as measured by IC₅₀. A summary of the results for autologous virus and V3 directed tier 1 virus is provided for guinea pig week 18 sera (FIG. 55B) and rabbit week 18 sera (FIG. 55C).

FIG. 56 is a table listing antigenic characteristics of chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains linked to a transmembrane domain as expressed on surface of cells.

FIG. 57 is a graph and a sequence alignment showing that the inferred ancestor and intermediates of V1V2-directed bNAbs neutralize a common set of HIV-1 isolates. “Neutralized” represents the number of HIV-1 strains with IC₅₀ of less than 50 μg/ml, and “Total” indicates the number of HIV-1 strains tested; IC₅₀ for select strains is indicated by a colored dot. Nomenclature of the revertants is as follows: unmutated common ancestor (UCA), reverted V-gene, mature CDR3 (gHgL), early intermediate from next-generation sequencing (I1). The sequence of the V1V2 domain (positions 129-196) of the BG505 (SEQ ID NO: 2), CAP256.SU (SEQ ID NO: 51), BB201.B42 (SEQ ID NO: 81), KER2018.11 (SEQ ID NO: 107), CH070.1 (SEQ ID NO: 174), ZM233.6 (SEQ ID NO: 745), Q23.17 (SEQ ID NO: 746), A244 (SEQ ID NO: 747), T250-4 (SEQ ID NO: 2114), and WITO.33 (SEQ ID NO: 748) strains of HIV-1 is shown.

FIGS. 58A-58C illustrate the design and antigenicity of HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer immunogens stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation that include a chimeric V1V2 domain sequence. (FIG. 58A) Design of chimeric V1V2 DS-SOSIP.664 trimers. Residues 126-196 of strains found to preferentially interact with germline-reverted V1V2-directed antibodies were transferred to the corresponding region of BG505 DS-SOSIP.664, with D368R mutation. (FIG. 58B) Gel filtration and negative stain EM (2D class averages) of BG505 SOSIP.664.DS.368R.CAP256-SU, a representative chimera. (FIG. 58C) Binding of chimeric DS-SOSIP.664s and neutralization of corresponding pseudoviruses by ancestors, intermediates, and mature V1V2-directed bNAbs. Antibodies are listed in the left column, and HIV-1 strains are listed across the top; results are tabulated in double cells, with the left cell showing binding and the right cell showing neutralization. Immunogens contain the 201C-433C disulfide mutation for stabilization and also contain a D368R CD4 binding site knock out mutation to prevent the trimer from opening in vivo.

FIG. 59 is a table illustrating the antigenic characteristics of the indicated recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers, which are chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation and include BG505 and JRFL sequences.

FIG. 60 is a set of graphs showing binding to VRC20gHgL and VRC01 gHgL unmutated common ancestor (UCA) antibodies, as well as the indicated neutralizing antibodies by a chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer including a BG505 “platform” and 426c gp120 residues with mutation of the glycan sequons at positions 276, 460 and 463 and the “DS” substitutions (201C/433C).

SEQUENCES

The nucleic and amino acid sequences are shown using standard letter abbreviations for nucleotide bases, and amino acids, as defined in 37 C.F.R. 1.822. Only one strand of each nucleic acid sequence is shown, but the complementary strand is understood as included by any reference to the displayed strand. The Sequence Listing is submitted as an ASCII text file in the form of the file named “Sequence.txt” (˜11 MB), which was created on Sep. 3, 2015, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Table 13 in Example 15 provides a list of sequences and additional information concerning the sequences.

Structural Coordinates

The atomic coordinates of an asymmetric unit of the crystal structure of a trimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain (BG505.SOSIP.664) bound to PGT122 and 35O22 Fabs in the prefusion mature closed conformation (as described in Example 1) are recited in Table 1 submitted as an ASCII text named “Table_1.txt” (˜2 MB, created on Aug. 7, 2014) in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059, filed Sep. 4, 2014, and have been deposited with the Protein Data Bank as Acc. No. 4TVP. Table 1 submitted in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059, and Protein Data Bank Acc. No. 4TVP, are incorporated by reference herein.

The atomic coordinates of the crystal structure of an HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer provided in Table 1, without the PGT122 and 35O22 Fabs, are recited in Table 2 submitted as an ASCII text named “Table_2.txt” (˜2 MB, created on Aug. 7, 2014) in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059, filed Sep. 4, 2014. Table 2 provided in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059 is incorporated by reference herein.

The atomic coordinates of an asymmetric unit of the crystal structure of an unliganded trimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation (as described in Example 2) are recited in Table 3 submitted as an ASCII text named “Table_3.txt” (˜0.7 MB, created on Aug. 7, 2014) in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059, filed Sep. 4, 2014, and have been deposited with the Protein Data Bank as Acc. No. 47MJ. Table 3 submitted in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059, and Protein Data Bank Acc. No. 47MJ, are incorporated by reference herein.

The atomic coordinates of the crystal structure of an unliganded trimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation (as described in Example 2) are recited in Table 4 submitted as an ASCII text named “Table_4.txt” (˜2 MB, created on Aug. 7, 2014) in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059, filed Sep. 4, 2014. Table 4 provided in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059 is incorporated by reference herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The HIV-1 Env trimer undergoes a dramatic structural rearrangement between its prefusion mature closed conformation and the CD4-bound open conformation (see Example 1, below). As shown in FIGS. 1-3, in the prefusion mature closed conformation, the HIV-1 Env trimer includes a V1V2 domain “cap” at its membrane distal apex, with the V1V2 domain of each gp120-gp41 protomer in the trimer coming together at the membrane distal apex. At the membrane proximal aspect, the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes distinct α6 and α7 helices. CD4 binding causes changes in the conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer, including disruption of the V1V1 domain cap, which “opens” as each V1V2 domain moves outward from the longitudinal axis of the Env trimer following CD4 binding, and formation of the HR1 helix, which includes both the α6 and α7 helices (which are no longer distinct, see FIG. 3D). These conformational changes bring the N-terminus of the fusion peptide within close proximity of the target cell membrane, and expose “CD4-induced” epitopes (such as the 17b epitope) that are present in the CD4-bound open conformation, but not the mature closed conformation, of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer.

Thus, the membrane distal and membrane proximal aspects of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in its prefusion mature closed conformation include several distinct structural elements that are absent from the corresponding regions of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in its CD4-bound open conformation. Amino acid positions (and sequences) corresponding to these regions are indicated in FIGS. 3 and 11.

Notably, in a previously identified HIV-1 Env ectodomain triner (BG505.SOSIP, described in more detail in Example 1), CD4 triggered recognition by ineffective antibodies so that their average binding was tighter than that of broadly neutralizing antibodies (see Example 2, FIG. 33A). Such CD4 triggering makes HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers that cannot resist conformational changes to the CD-bound open conformation less desirable as an immunogen: in primates, such immunogens would bind CD4 in vivo and would thus be expected to elicit production of primarily ineffective antibodies against highly immunogenic CD4-induced epitopes.

Accordingly, recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins are provided that are stabilized or “locked” in the prefusion mature closed conformation. Using structure-guided design, positions of the HIV-1 Env protein were targeted for modification (e.g., amino acid substitution) to hinder or prevent the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer from transitioning from the prefusion mature closed conformation to CD4-bound open conformations. These recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers resist transition to the CD4-bound open state of HIV-1 Env, and thus will retain the prefusion mature closed conformation when used as an immunogen to generate an immune response to HIV-1 Env in a subject expressing CD4, such as a human.

I. Summary of Terms

Unless otherwise noted, technical terms are used according to conventional usage. Definitions of common terms in molecular biology may be found in Benjamin Lewin, Genes X, published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2009; and Meyers et al. (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, published by Wiley-VCH in 16 volumes, 2008; and other similar references.

As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the,” refer to both the singular as well as plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the term “an antigen” includes single or plural antigens and can be considered equivalent to the phrase “at least one antigen.” As used herein, the term “comprises” means “includes.” It is further to be understood that any and all base sizes or amino acid sizes, and all molecular weight or molecular mass values, given for nucleic acids or polypeptides are approximate, and are provided for descriptive purposes, unless otherwise indicated. Although many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used, particular suitable methods and materials are described herein. In case of conflict, the present specification, including explanations of terms, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. To facilitate review of the various embodiments, the following explanations of terms are provided:

17b: A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a CD4-induced epitope on the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer, that is, CD4 binding causes a conformation change in the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer that exposes the 17b epitope. Thus, 17b mAb is a “CD4-induced” antibody. The 17b antibody does not specifically bind to the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in its prefusion mature closed conformation. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with monoclonal antibody 17b and with methods of producing this antibody (see, for example, Kwong et al., J. Biol. Chem., 274, 4115-4123, 1999, which is incorporated by reference herein). The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the 17b antibody are known and have been deposited in GenBank as Nos. 1G9N_H (17b V_(H)) and 1G9N_L (17b V_(L)), each of which is incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014).

35O22: A neutralizing monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to an epitope on the membrane-proximal region of HIV-1 Env including residues of both gp120 and gp41. The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the 35O22 antibody are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 2099 and 2100, respectively, and can be used to generate an antibody with the 35O22 antigen binding domain.

447-52D: A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the V3 loop of HIV-1 Env. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with monoclonal antibody 447-52D and with methods of producing this antibody (see, for example, Stanfield et al., Structure, 12, 193-204, which is incorporated by reference herein). The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the 447-52D antibody are known and have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank as Nos. 1Q1J_H (447-52D V_(H)) and 1Q1J_L (447-52D V_(L)), each of which is incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014).

Adjuvant: A vehicle used to enhance antigenicity. In some embodiments, an adjuvant can include a suspension of minerals (alum, aluminum hydroxide, or phosphate) on which antigen is adsorbed; or water-in-oil emulsion, for example, in which antigen solution is emulsified in mineral oil (Freund incomplete adjuvant), sometimes with the inclusion of killed mycobacteria (Freund's complete adjuvant) to further enhance antigenicity (inhibits degradation of antigen and/or causes influx of macrophages). Immunostimulatory oligonucleotides (such as those including a CpG motif) can also be used as adjuvants. Adjuvants include biological molecules (a “biological adjuvant”), such as costimulatory molecules. Exemplary adjuvants include IL-2, RANTES, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, LFA-3, CD72, B7-1, B7-2, OX-40L, 4-1BBL and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, such as TLR-9 agonists. In some embodiments, the Adjuplex™ (Advanced BioAdjuvants) can be used with any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers to elicit an immune response to HIV-1 Env. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with adjuvants (see, e.g., Singh (ed.) Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems. Wiley-Interscience, 2007). Adjuvants can be used in combination with the disclosed immunogens.

Administration: The introduction of a composition into a subject by a chosen route. Administration can be local or systemic. For example, if the chosen route is intravenous, the composition (such as a composition including a disclosed immunogen) is administered by introducing the composition into a vein of the subject. Exemplary routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, injection (such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intraperitoneal, and intravenous), sublingual, rectal, transdermal (for example, topical), intranasal, vaginal, and inhalation routes.

Agent: Any substance or any combination of substances that is useful for achieving an end or result; for example, a substance or combination of substances useful for inhibiting HIV infection in a subject. Agents include proteins, nucleic acid molecules, compounds, small molecules, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, or other molecules of interest. An agent can include a therapeutic agent (such as an anti-retroviral agent), a diagnostic agent or a pharmaceutical agent. In some embodiments, the agent is a protein agent (such as a recombinant HIV-1 Env polypeptide or immunogenic fragment thereof), or an anti-viral agent. The skilled artisan will understand that particular agents may be useful to achieve more than one result.

Amino acid substitutions: The replacement of one amino acid in a polypeptide with a different amino acid or with no amino acid (i.e., a deletion). In some examples, an amino acid in a polypeptide is substituted with an amino acid from a homologous polypeptide, for example, and amino acid in a recombinant Clade A HIV-1 Env polypeptide can be substituted with the corresponding amino acid from a Clade B HIV-1 Env polypeptide.

Antibody: An immunoglobulin, antigen-binding fragment, or derivative thereof, that specifically binds and recognizes an analyte (antigen) such as HIV-1 gp120, an antigenic fragment thereof, or a dimer or multimer of the antigen. The term “antibody” is used herein in the broadest sense and encompasses various antibody structures, including but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments, so long as they exhibit the desired antigen-binding activity.

Non-limiting examples of antibodies include, for example, intact immunoglobulins and variants and fragments thereof known in the art that retain binding affinity for the antigen. Examples of antibody fragments include but are not limited to Fv, Fab, Fab′, Fab′-SH, F(ab′)₂; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules (e.g. scFv); and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments. Antibody fragments include antigen binding fragments either produced by the modification of whole antibodies or those synthesized de novo using recombinant DNA methodologies (see, e.g., Kontermann and Dubel (Ed), Antibody Engineering, Vols. 1-2, 2^(nd) Ed., Springer Press, 2010).

Typically, a naturally occurring immunoglobulin has heavy (H) chains and light (L) chains interconnected by disulfide bonds. Immunoglobulin genes include the kappa, lambda, alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon and mu constant region genes, as well as the myriad immunoglobulin variable domain genes. There are two types of light chain, lambda (λ) and kappa (κ). There are five main heavy chain classes (or isotypes) which determine the functional activity of an antibody molecule: IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA and IgE.

Light and heavy chain variable regions contain a “framework” region interrupted by three hypervariable regions, also called “complementarity-determining regions” or “CDRs” (see, e.g., Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991). The sequences of the framework regions of different light or heavy chains are relatively conserved within a species. The framework region of an antibody, that is the combined framework regions of the constituent light and heavy chains, serves to position and align the CDRs in three-dimensional space. The CDRs are primarily responsible for binding to an epitope of an antigen.

A “monoclonal antibody” is an antibody produced by a single clone of B-lymphocytes or by a cell into which nucleic acid encoding the light and heavy chains of a single antibody have been transfected, or a progeny thereof. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by methods known to those of skill in the art, for instance by making hybrid antibody-forming cells from a fusion of myeloma cells with immune spleen cells. These fused cells and their progeny are termed “hybridomas.” In some examples monoclonal antibodies are isolated from a subject. Monoclonal antibodies can have conservative amino acid substitutions which have substantially no effect on antigen binding or other immunoglobulin functions. (See, for example, Harlow & Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, 2^(nd) ed. Cold Spring Harbor Publications, New York (2013).)

Antigen: A compound, composition, or substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies or a T cell response in an animal, including compositions that are injected or absorbed into an animal. An antigen reacts with the products of specific humoral or cellular immunity, including those induced by heterologous antigens, such as the disclosed HIV antigens. Examples of antigens include, but are not limited to, polypeptides, peptides, lipids, polysaccharides, combinations thereof (such as glycopeptides) and nucleic acids containing antigenic determinants, such as those recognized by an immune cell. In some examples, antigens include peptides derived from a pathogen of interest, such as HIV. An antigen can include one or more epitopes.

Anti-retroviral agent: An agent that specifically inhibits a retrovirus from replicating or infecting cells. Non-limiting examples of antiretroviral drugs include entry inhibitors (e.g., enfuvirtide), CCR5 receptor antagonists (e.g., aplaviroc, vicriviroc, maraviroc), reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g., lamivudine, zidovudine, abacavir, tenofovir, emtricitabine, efavirenz), protease inhibitors (e.g., lopivar, ritonavir, raltegravir, darunavir, atazanavir), maturation inhibitors (e.g., alpha interferon, bevirimat and vivecon).

Anti-retroviral therapy (ART): A therapeutic treatment for HIV infection involving administration of at least one anti-retroviral agents (e.g., one, two, three or four anti-retroviral agents) to an HIV infected individual during a course of treatment. Non-limiting examples of antiretroviral agents include entry inhibitors (e.g., enfuvirtide), CCR5 receptor antagonists (e.g., aplaviroc, vicriviroc, maraviroc), reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g., lamivudine, zidovudine, abacavir, tenofovir, emtricitabine, efavirenz), protease inhibitors (e.g., lopivar, ritonavir, raltegravir, darunavir, atazanavir), maturation inhibitors (e.g., alpha interferon, bevirimat and vivecon). One example of an ART regimen includes treatment with a combination of tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz. In some examples, ART include Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART).

Atomic coordinates or structure coordinates: Mathematical coordinates derived from mathematical equations related to the patterns obtained on diffraction of a monochromatic beam of X-rays by the atoms (scattering centers) such as an antigen, or an antigen in complex with an antibody. In some examples that antigen can be HIV-1 Env polypeptide (for example stabilized in a prefusion conformation by binding to a prefusion-specific antibody, or by introduction of stabilizing modifications) in a crystal. The diffraction data are used to calculate an electron density map of the repeating unit of the crystal. The electron density maps are used to establish the positions of the individual atoms within the unit cell of the crystal. In one example, the term “structure coordinates” refers to Cartesian coordinates derived from mathematical equations related to the patterns obtained on diffraction of a monochromatic beam of X-rays, such as by the atoms of a HIV-1 Env polypeptide in crystal form.

Those of ordinary skill in the art understand that a set of structure coordinates determined by X-ray crystallography is not without standard error. For the purpose of this disclosure, any set of structure coordinates that have a root mean square deviation of protein backbone atoms (N, Cα, C and O) of less than about 1.0 Angstroms when superimposed, such as about 0.75, or about 0.5, or about 0.25 Angstroms, using backbone atoms, shall (in the absence of an explicit statement to the contrary) be considered identical.

Cavity-filling amino acid substitution: An amino acid substitution that fills a cavity within the protein core of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer. Cavities are essentially voids within a folded protein where amino acids or amino acid side chains are not present. In several embodiments, a cavity filling amino acid substitution is introduced to fill a cavity in the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer core present in the prefusion mature closed conformation of HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer that collapses (e.g., has reduced volume) upon transition to the CD4-bound open conformation.

CD4: Cluster of differentiation factor 4 polypeptide; a T-cell surface protein that mediates interaction with the MHC class II molecule. CD4 also serves as the primary receptor site for HIV on T-cells during HIV infection. CD4 is known to bind to gp120 from HIV-1 Env. The sequence of the CD4 precursor has a hydrophobic signal peptide, an extracellular region of approximately 370 amino acids, a highly hydrophobic stretch with significant identity to the membrane-spanning domain of the class II MHC beta chain, and a highly charged intracellular sequence of 40 resides (Maddon, Cell 42:93, 1985). The amino acid sequence of human CD4 is deposited in GenBank as No. P01730.1. Several embodiments utilize soluble CD4 (sCD4), which includes the extracellular domain of CD4 (without the signal peptide), approximately CD4 amino acids 26-390 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 2118). Soluble CD4 can be obtained commercially (e.g., from Mybiosource); methods of its production are well known in the art.

CD4-induced antibody: An antibody that binds to an epitope present on the CD4-bound open conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer, but not present on the mature closed conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer. An example of a CD4-induced antibody is 17b mAb.

Conditions sufficient to form an immune complex: Conditions which allow an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof to bind to its cognate epitope to a detectably greater degree than, and/or to the substantial exclusion of, binding to substantially all other epitopes. Conditions sufficient to form an immune complex are dependent upon the format of the binding reaction and typically are those utilized in immunoassay protocols or those conditions encountered in vivo. See Harlow & Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, 2^(nd) ed. Cold Spring Harbor Publications, New York (2013) for a description of immunoassay formats and conditions. The conditions employed in the methods are “physiological conditions” which include reference to conditions (e.g., temperature, osmolarity, pH) that are typical inside a living mammal or a mammalian cell. While it is recognized that some organs are subject to extreme conditions, the intra-organismal and intracellular environment normally lies around pH 7 (e.g., from pH 6.0 to pH 8.0, more typically pH 6.5 to 7.5), contains water as the predominant solvent, and exists at a temperature above 0° C. and below 50° C. Osmolarity is within the range that is supportive of cell viability and proliferation.

Conservative variants: “Conservative” amino acid substitutions are those substitutions that do not substantially affect or decrease a function of a protein, such as the ability of the protein to induce an immune response when administered to a subject. The term conservative variation also includes the use of a substituted amino acid in place of an unsubstituted parent amino acid. Furthermore, one of ordinary skill will recognize that individual substitutions, deletions or additions which alter, add or delete a single amino acid or a small percentage of amino acids (for instance less than 5%, in some embodiments less than 1%) in an encoded sequence are conservative variations where the alterations result in the substitution of an amino acid with a chemically similar amino acid.

Conservative amino acid substitution tables providing functionally similar amino acids are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The following six groups are examples of amino acids that are considered to be conservative substitutions for one another:

1) Alanine (A), Serine (S), Threonine (T);

2) Aspartic acid (D), Glutamic acid (E);

3) Asparagine (N), Glutamine (Q);

4) Arginine (R), Lysine (K);

5) Isoleucine (I), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Valine (V); and

6) Phenylalanine (F), Tyrosine (Y), Tryptophan (W).

Non-conservative substitutions are those that reduce an activity or function of the recombinant Env protein, such as the ability to induce an immune response when administered to a subject. For instance, if an amino acid residue is essential for a function of the protein, even an otherwise conservative substitution may disrupt that activity. Thus, a conservative substitution does not alter the basic function of a protein of interest.

Circular permutant: A modified recombinant protein in which the connections between different regions of a protein tertiary structure is modified, so that the relative order of different regions in the primary sequence is altered, but the placement of the regions in the tertiary structure is preserved. For example, with a 4-stranded antiparallel sheet, with strand A, B, C and D, which has the following N and C termini and connectivity:

Nterm-strand A-linker-strand B-linker-strand C-linker-strand D-Cterm,

circular permutants of the 4 strands, A, B, C and D by altering linker connection between strands can include:

-   -   Permutation with N- and C-termini altered:

Nterm-strand C-linker-strand D-linker-strand A-linker-strand B-Cterm

-   -   Permutation with N terminus preserved:

Nterm-strand A-linker-strand D-linker-strand C-linker-strand B-C term

-   -   Permutation with C terminus preserved:

Nterm-strand C-linker-strand B-linker-strand A-linker-strand D-C term.

Contacting: Placement in direct physical association; includes both in solid and liquid form, which can take place either in vivo or in vitro. Contacting includes contact between one molecule and another molecule, for example the amino acid on the surface of one polypeptide, such as a peptide, that contacts another polypeptide. Contacting can also include contacting a cell for example by placing a polypeptide in direct physical association with a cell.

Control: A reference standard. In some embodiments, the control is a negative control sample obtained from a healthy patient. In other embodiments, the control is a positive control sample obtained from a patient diagnosed with HIV infection. In still other embodiments, the control is a historical control or standard reference value or range of values (such as a previously tested control sample, such as a group of HIV patients with known prognosis or outcome, or group of samples that represent baseline or normal values).

A difference between a test sample and a control can be an increase or conversely a decrease. The difference can be a qualitative difference or a quantitative difference, for example a statistically significant difference. In some examples, a difference is an increase or decrease, relative to a control, of at least about 5%, such as at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 200%, at least about 250%, at least about 300%, at least about 350%, at least about 400%, at least about 500%, or greater than 500%.

Degenerate variant: In the context of the present disclosure, a “degenerate variant” refers to a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof) that includes a sequence that is degenerate as a result of the genetic code. There are 20 natural amino acids, most of which are specified by more than one codon. Therefore, all degenerate nucleotide sequences encoding a peptide are included as long as the amino acid sequence of the peptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence is unchanged.

Detecting: To identify the existence, presence, or fact of something. General methods of detecting are known to the skilled artisan and may be supplemented with the protocols and reagents disclosed herein. For example, included herein are methods of detecting the level of a protein in a sample or a subject.

Epitope: An antigenic determinant. These are particular chemical groups or peptide sequences on a molecule that are antigenic, such that they elicit a specific immune response, for example, an epitope is the region of an antigen to which B and/or T cells respond. An antibody can bind to a particular antigenic epitope, such as an epitope on HIV-1 Env.

Expression: Transcription or translation of a nucleic acid sequence. For example, a gene is expressed when its DNA is transcribed into an RNA or RNA fragment, which in some examples is processed to become mRNA. A gene may also be expressed when its mRNA is translated into an amino acid sequence, such as a protein or a protein fragment. In a particular example, a heterologous gene is expressed when it is transcribed into an RNA. In another example, a heterologous gene is expressed when its RNA is translated into an amino acid sequence. The term “expression” is used herein to denote either transcription or translation. Regulation of expression can include controls on transcription, translation, RNA transport and processing, degradation of intermediary molecules such as mRNA, or through activation, inactivation, compartmentalization or degradation of specific protein molecules after they are produced.

Expression control sequences: Nucleic acid sequences that regulate the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid sequence to which it is operatively linked. Expression control sequences are operatively linked to a nucleic acid sequence when the expression control sequences control and regulate the transcription and, as appropriate, translation of the nucleic acid sequence. Thus expression control sequences can include appropriate promoters, enhancers, transcription terminators, a start codon (ATG) in front of a protein-encoding gene, splicing signal for introns, maintenance of the correct reading frame of that gene to permit proper translation of mRNA, and stop codons. The term “control sequences” is intended to include, at a minimum, components whose presence can influence expression, and can also include additional components whose presence is advantageous, for example, leader sequences and fusion partner sequences. Expression control sequences can include a promoter.

A promoter is a minimal sequence sufficient to direct transcription. Also included are those promoter elements which are sufficient to render promoter-dependent gene expression controllable for cell-type specific, tissue-specific, or inducible by external signals or agents; such elements may be located in the 5′ or 3′ regions of the gene. Both constitutive and inducible promoters are included (see for example, Bitter et al., Methods in Enzymology 153:516-544, 1987). For example, when cloning in bacterial systems, inducible promoters such as pL of bacteriophage lambda, plac, ptrp, ptac (ptrp-lac hybrid promoter) and the like may be used. In one embodiment, when cloning in mammalian cell systems, promoters derived from the genome of mammalian cells (such as metallothionein promoter) or from mammalian viruses (such as the retrovirus long terminal repeat; the adenovirus late promoter; the vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter) can be used. Promoters produced by recombinant DNA or synthetic techniques may also be used to provide for transcription of the nucleic acid sequences.

A polynucleotide can be inserted into an expression vector that contains a promoter sequence which facilitates the efficient transcription of the inserted genetic sequence of the host. The expression vector typically contains an origin of replication, a promoter, as well as specific nucleic acid sequences that allow phenotypic selection of the transformed cells.

Expression vector: A vector comprising a recombinant polynucleotide comprising expression control sequences operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence to be expressed. An expression vector comprises sufficient cis-acting elements for expression; other elements for expression can be supplied by the host cell or in an in vitro expression system. Expression vectors include all those known in the art, such as cosmids, plasmids (e.g., naked or contained in liposomes) and viruses (e.g., lentiviruses, retroviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses) that incorporate the recombinant polynucleotide.

Heterologous: Originating from a different genetic source. A nucleic acid molecule that is heterologous to a cell originated from a genetic source other than the cell in which it is expressed. In one specific, non-limiting example, a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env polypeptide is expressed in a cell, such as a mammalian cell. Methods for introducing a heterologous nucleic acid molecule in a cell or organism are well known in the art, for example transformation with a nucleic acid, including electroporation, lipofection, particle gun acceleration, and homologous recombination.

F105: A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a conformational epitope on HIV-1 Env that is not present on the prefusion mature closed conformation. The F105 antibody does not specifically bind to HIV-1 Env in its prefusion mature closed conformation. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with monoclonal antibody F105 and with methods of producing this antibody (see, for example, Posner et al. J Acquired Immune Defic Syndr 6:7-14, 1993; which is incorporated by reference herein). The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the F105 antibody are known and have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) as No. 1U6A_H (F105 V_(H)) and 1U6A-L (F105 V_(L)), each of which is incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014).

Ferritin: A protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms. Ferritin polypeptides assemble into a globular protein complex of 24 protein subunits, each of the 24 subunits includes a single ferritin polypeptide. In some examples, ferritin is used to form a nanoparticle presenting antigens on its surface, for example, an HIV antigen.

Foldon domain: An amino acid sequence that naturally forms a trimeric structure. In some examples, a Foldon domain can be included in the amino acid sequence of a disclosed recombinant protein so that the antigen will form a trimer. In one example, a Foldon domain is the T4 Foldon domain including the amino acid sequence set forth as (GYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTF (SEQ ID NO: 578). Several embodiments include a Foldon domain that can be cleaved from a purified protein, for example by incorporation of a thrombin cleave site adjacent to the Foldon domain that can be used for cleavage purposes.

Glycosylation site: An amino acid sequence on the surface of a polypeptide, such as a protein, which accommodates the attachment of a glycan. An N-linked glycosylation site is triplet sequence of NX(S/T) in which N is asparagine, X is any residues except proline, and (S/T) is a serine or threonine residue. A glycan is a polysaccharide or oligosaccharide. Glycan may also be used to refer to the carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate, such as a glycoprotein, glycolipid, or a proteoglycan.

Homologous proteins: Proteins that have a similar structure and function, for example, proteins from two or more species or viral strains that have similar structure and function in the two or more species or viral strains. For example a HIV-1 Env protein from a Clade A virus is a homologous protein to a HIV-1 Env protein from Clade B virus. Homologous proteins share similar protein folding characteristics and can be considered structural homologs.

Homologous proteins typically share a high degree of sequence conservation, such as at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, or at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence conservation, and a high degree of sequence identity, such as at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, or at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity.

Host cells: Cells in which a vector can be propagated and its DNA expressed. The cell may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The term also includes any progeny of the subject host cell. It is understood that all progeny may not be identical to the parental cell since there may be mutations that occur during replication. However, such progeny are included when the term “host cell” is used.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A retrovirus that causes immunosuppression in humans (HIV disease), and leads to a disease complex known as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). “HIV disease” refers to a well-recognized constellation of signs and symptoms (including the development of opportunistic infections) in persons who are infected by an HIV virus, as determined by antibody or western blot studies. Laboratory findings associated with this disease include a progressive decline in T cells. HIV includes HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). Related viruses that are used as animal models include simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Treatment of HIV-1 with HAART has been effective in reducing the viral burden and ameliorating the effects of HIV-1 infection in infected individuals.

HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody: An antibody that reduces the infectious titer of HIV-1 by binding to and inhibiting the function of related HIV-1 antigens, such as antigens that share at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity with antigenic surface of the antigen. In some embodiments, broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV are distinct from other antibodies to HIV in that they neutralize a high percentage (such as at least 50% or at least 80%) of the many types of HIV in circulation. Non-limiting examples of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies include PGT122, VRC01, and 35O22.

HIV envelope protein (Env): The HIV envelope protein is initially synthesized as a precursor protein of 845-870 amino acids in size, designated gp160. Individual gp160 polypeptides form a homotrimer and undergo glycosylation within the Golgi apparatus as well as processing to remove the signal peptide, and cleavage by a cellular protease between approximately positions 511/512 to generate separate gp120 and gp41 polypeptide chains, which remain associated as gp120-gp41 protomers within the homotrimer. The ectodomain (that is, the extracellular portion) of the HIV-1 Env trimer undergoes several structural rearrangements from a prefusion mature (cleaved) closed conformation that evades antibody recognition, through intermediate conformations that bind to receptors CD4 and co-receptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4), to a postfusion conformation. The HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes the gp120 protein (approximately HIV-1 Env positions 31-511) and the gp41 ectodomain (approximately HIV-1 Env positions 512-644). An HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a protein complex of three HIV-1 Env ectodomains.

Mature gp120 includes approximated HIV-1 Env residues 31-511, contains most of the external, surface-exposed, domains of the HIV-1 Env trimer, and it is gp120 which binds both to cellular CD4 receptors and to cellular chemokine receptors (such as CCR5). A mature gp120 polypeptide is an extracellular polypeptide that interacts with the gp41 ectodomain to form an HIV-1 Env protomer that trimerizes to form the HIV-1 Env trimer.

The mature gp120 wild-type polypeptide is heavily N-glycosylated, giving rise to an apparent molecular weight of 120 kD. Native gp120 includes five conserved regions (C1-C5) and five regions of high variability (V1-V5). See FIG. 11 for an illustration of gp120 primary and secondary structures.

Variable region 1 and Variable Region 2 (V1/V2 domain) of gp120 are comprised of ˜50-90 residues which contain two of the most variable portions of HIV-1 (the V1 domain and the V2 loop), and one in ten residues of the V1/V2 domain are N-glycosylated. Despite the diversity and glycosylation of the V1/V2 domain, a number of broadly neutralizing human antibodies have been identified that target this region, including PG9 and PGT122. In some examples the V1/V2 domain includes gp120 positions 126-196. Variable region 3 (V3) of gp120 includes approximately 35-45 amino acids. In some examples the V1/V2 domain includes gp120 positions 296-331. Mature gp41 includes approximately HIV-1 Env residues 512-860, and includes cytosolic-, transmembrane- and ecto-domains. The gp41 ectodomain (including approximately HIV-1 Env residues 512-644) can interact with gp120 to form an HIV-1 Env protomer that trimerizes to form the HIV-1 Env trimer. See FIG. 3 for an illustration of the primary and secondary structure of a gp41 ectodomain.

The numbering used in the disclosed HIV-1 Env proteins and fragments thereof is relative to the HXB2 numbering scheme as set forth in Numbering Positions in HIVRelative to HXB2CG Bette Korber et al., Human Retroviruses and AIDS 1998: A Compilation and Analysis of Nucleic Acid and Amino Acid Sequences. Korber et al., Eds. Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N. Mex., which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

In one example, an HIV-1 Env protein is from the BG505 strain of HIV, which is a Clade A HIV-1 virus isolated from a six-week old HIV-1 infected infant. The amino acid sequence of BG505 Env protein is known (see, e.g., GenBank accession no. ABA61516, incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014), and set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2.

HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer prefusion mature closed conformation: A structural conformation adopted by the ectodomain of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer after cellular processing to a mature prefusion state with distinct gp120 and gp41 polypeptide chains, and before specific binding to the CD4 receptor. In the prefusion mature closed conformation, the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a V1V2 domain “cap” at its membrane distal apex, with the V1V2 domain of each Env protomer in the trimer coming together at the membrane distal apex. At the membrane proximal aspect, the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes distinct α6 and α7 helices. CD4 binding to the Env trimer causes changes in the conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer, including disruption of the V1V1 domain cap, which “opens” as each V1V2 domain moves outward from the longitudinal axis of the Env trimer, and formation of the HR1 helix, which includes both the α6 and α7 helices (which are no longer distinct, see FIG. 3D). These conformational changes bring the N-terminus of the fusion peptide within close proximity of the target cell membrane, and expose “CD4-induced” epitopes (such as the 17b epitope) that are present in the CD4-bound open conformation, but not the mature closed conformation, of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer. The three-dimensional structure of an exemplary HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation is disclosed herein (see Example 1).

HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation: A HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer having a prefusion mature closed conformation and including one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions, or insertions compared to a native HIV-1 Env sequence that provide for increased retention of the prefusion mature closed conformation upon CD4 binding compared to a corresponding native HIV-1 Env sequence. In some embodiments, the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can include one or more cysteine substitutions that allow formation of a non-natural disulfide bond that stabilizes the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in its prefusion mature closed conformation.

A HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation has at least 90% (such as at least 95% or at least 99%) reduced transition to the CD4-bound open conformation upon CD4 binding compared to a corresponding native HIV-1 Env sequence. The “stabilization” of the prefusion mature closed conformation by the one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions, or insertions can be, for example, energetic stabilization (for example, reducing the energy of the prefusion mature closed conformation relative to the CD4-bound open conformation) and/or kinetic stabilization (for example, reducing the rate of transition from the prefusion mature closed conformation to the prefusion mature closed conformation). Additionally, stabilization of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation can include an increase in resistance to denaturation compared to a corresponding native HIV-1 Env sequence.

Methods of determining if a HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is in the prefusion mature closed conformation are provided herein, and include (but are not limited to) negative stain electron microscopy and antibody binding assays using a prefusion mature closed conformation specific antibody, such as VRC26 or PGT145. Methods of determining if a HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is in the CD4-bound open conformation are also provided herein, and include (but are not limited to) negative stain electron microscopy and antibody binding assays using a CD4-bound open conformation specific antibody, such as 17b, which binds to a CD4-induced epitope. Transition from the prefusion mature closed conformation upon CD4 binding can be assayed, for example, by incubating a HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer of interest that is in the prefusion mature closed conformation with a molar excess of CD4, and determining if the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer retains the prefusion mature closed conformation (or transitions to the CD4-bound open conformation) by negative stain electron microscopy analysis, or antigenic analysis. HIV-1 gp140: A recombinant HIV Env polypeptide including gp120 and the gp41 ectodomain, but not the gp41 transmembrane or cytosolic domains. HIV-1 gp140 polypeptides can trimerize to form a soluble HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer.

HIV-1 gp145: A recombinant HIV Env polypeptide including gp120, the gp41 ectodomain, and the gp41 transmembrane domain. HIV-1 gp145 polypeptides can trimerize to form membrane bound HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers.

HXB2 numbering system: A reference numbering system for HIV protein and nucleic acid sequences, using the HIV-1 HXB2 strain sequences as a reference for all other HIV-1 strain sequences. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with the HXB2 numbering system, and this system is set forth in “Numbering Positions in HIV Relative to HXB2CG,” Bette Korber et al., Human Retroviruses and AIDS 1998: A Compilation and Analysis of Nucleic Acid and Amino Acid Sequences. Korber B, Kuiken C L, Foley B, Hahn B, McCutchan F, Mellors J W, and Sodroski J, Eds. Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N. Mex., which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Unless context indicates otherwise, the numbering used in HIV-1 polypeptides disclosed herein is relative to the HXB2 numbering scheme. For reference, the amino acid sequence of HIV-1 Env of HXB2 is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 1 (GENBANK® Accession No. K03455, incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014).

Immune response: A response of a cell of the immune system, such as a B cell, T cell, or monocyte, to a stimulus. In one embodiment, the response is specific for a particular antigen (an “antigen-specific response”). In one embodiment, an immune response is a T cell response, such as a CD4+ response or a CD8+ response. In another embodiment, the response is a B cell response, and results in the production of specific antibodies. “Priming an immune response” refers to pre-treatment of a subject with an adjuvant to increase the desired immune response to a later administered immunogenic agent. “Enhancing an immune response” refers to co-administration of an adjuvant and an immunogenic agent, wherein the adjuvant increases the desired immune response to the immunogenic agent compared to administration of the immunogenic agent to the subject in the absence of the adjuvant.

Immunogen: A protein or a portion thereof that is capable of inducing an immune response in a mammal, such as a mammal infected or at risk of infection with a pathogen. Administration of an immunogen can lead to protective immunity and/or proactive immunity against a pathogen of interest. In some examples, an immunogen comprises a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer as disclosed herein.

Immunogenic composition: A composition comprising an immunogenic polypeptide, or a nucleic acid molecule or vector encoding an immunogenic polypeptide that induces a measurable CTL response against the immunogenic polypeptide, or induces a measurable B cell response (such as production of antibodies) against the immunogenic polypeptide. In one example, an “immunogenic composition” is a composition that includes a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment thereof, that induces a measurable CTL response against an HIV-1 virus, or induces a measurable B cell response (such as production of antibodies) against a HIV-1. It further refers to isolated nucleic acids encoding an antigen, such as a nucleic acid that can be used to express the antigen (and thus be used to elicit an immune response against this peptide).

For in vitro use, an immunogenic composition may comprise or consist of the isolated protein or nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein. For in vivo use, the immunogenic composition will typically include the protein or nucleic acid molecule in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and may also include other agents, such as an adjuvant. Any particular protein, such as a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or a nucleic acid encoding the protein, can be readily tested for its ability to induce a CTL or B cell response by art-recognized assays. Immunogenic compositions can include adjuvants, which are well known to one of skill in the art.

Immunogenic polypeptide: A polypeptide which comprises an allele-specific motif, an epitope or other sequence such that the polypeptide will bind an MHC molecule and induce an immune response, such as a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (“CTL”) response, and/or a B cell response (for example, antibody production), and/or a T-helper lymphocyte response against the antigen from which the immunogenic polypeptide is derived.

Isolated: An “isolated” biological component (such as a protein, for example a disclosed immunogen or nucleic acid encoding such an antigen) has been substantially separated or purified away from other biological components, such as other biological components in which the component naturally occurs, such as other chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNA, RNA, and proteins. Proteins, peptides and nucleic acids that have been “isolated” include proteins purified by standard purification methods. The term also embraces proteins or peptides prepared by recombinant expression in a host cell as well as chemically synthesized proteins, peptides and nucleic acid molecules. Isolated does not require absolute purity, and can include protein, peptide, or nucleic acid molecules that are at least 50% isolated, such as at least 75%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or even 99.9% isolated. The HIV-1 Env proteins herein that are stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation can be isolated from HIV-1 Env proteins in a prefusion CD4 bound conformation, for example, can be at least 80% isolated, at least 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or even 99.9% isolated from HIV-1 Env proteins in a prefusion CD4 bound conformation.

K_(D): The dissociation constant for a given interaction, such as a polypeptide ligand interaction or an antibody antigen interaction. For example, for the bimolecular interaction of an antibody or antigen binding fragment and an immunogen (such as HIV-1 Env polypeptide) it is the concentration of the individual components of the bimolecular interaction divided by the concentration of the complex.

Linker: A bi-functional molecule that can be used to link two molecules into one contiguous molecule, for example, to link a carrier molecule to a immunogenic polypeptide. Non-limiting examples of peptide linkers include glycine-serine linkers, such as a (GGGGS)_(x) linker or a 10 amino acid glycine-serine linker. Unless context indicates otherwise, reference to “linking” a first polypeptide and a second polypeptide (or to two polypeptides “linked” together) refers to covalent linkage by peptide bond, or (if a peptide linker is involved) covalent linkage of the first and second polypeptides to the N and C termini of a peptide linker. Thus, reference to a gp120 polypeptide “linked” to a gp41 ectodomain by a peptide linker indicates that the gp120 polypeptide and the gp41 ectodomain are linked to opposite ends of the peptide linker by peptide bonds. Typically, such linkage is accomplished using molecular biology techniques to genetically manipulate DNA encoding the first polypeptide linked to the second polypeptide by the peptide linker.

The terms “conjugating,” “joining,” “bonding,” can refer to making two molecules into one contiguous molecule; for example, joining two polypeptides into one contiguous polypeptide, or covalently attaching a carrier molecule or other molecule to an immunogenic polypeptide, such as an recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain as disclosed herein. The conjugate can be either by chemical or recombinant means. “Chemical means” refers to a reaction, for example, between the immunogenic polypeptide moiety and the carrier molecule such that there is a covalent bond formed between the two molecules to form one molecule.

Neutralizing antibody: An antibody which reduces the infectious titer of an infectious agent by binding to a specific antigen on the infectious agent. In some examples the infectious agent is a virus. In some examples, an antibody that is specific for HIV-1 Env neutralizes the infectious titer of HIV. A “broadly neutralizing antibody” is an antibody that binds to and inhibits the function of related antigens, such as antigens that share at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identity antigenic surface of antigen. With regard to an antigen from a pathogen, such as a virus, the antibody can bind to and inhibit the function of an antigen from more than one class and/or subclass of the pathogen. For example, with regard to a human immunodeficiency virus, the antibody can bind to and inhibit the function of an antigen, such as HIV-1 Env from more than one clade. In one embodiment, broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV are distinct from other antibodies to HIV in that they neutralize a high percentage of the many types of HIV in circulation.

Native protein, sequence, or di-sulfide bond: An polypeptide, sequence or di-sulfide bond that has not been modified, for example by selective mutation. For example, selective mutation to focus the antigenicity of the antigen to a target epitope, or to introduce a di-sulfide bond into a protein that does not occur in the native protein. Native protein or native sequence are also referred to as wild-type protein or wild-type sequence. A non-native di-sulfide bond is a disulfide bond that is not present in a native protein, for example a di-sulfide bond that forms in a protein due to introduction of one or more cysteine residues into the protein by genetic engineering.

Nucleic acid: A polymer composed of nucleotide units (ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, related naturally occurring structural variants, and synthetic non-naturally occurring analogs thereof) linked via phosphodiester bonds, related naturally occurring structural variants, and synthetic non-naturally occurring analogs thereof. It will be understood that when a nucleotide sequence is represented by a DNA sequence (i.e., A, T, G, C), this also includes an RNA sequence (i.e., A, U, G, C) in which “U” replaces “T.”

“Nucleotide” includes, but is not limited to, a monomer that includes a base linked to a sugar, such as a pyrimidine, purine or synthetic analogs thereof, or a base linked to an amino acid, as in a peptide nucleic acid (PNA). A nucleotide is one monomer in a polynucleotide. A nucleotide sequence refers to the sequence of bases in a polynucleotide.

Conventional notation is used herein to describe nucleotide sequences: the left-hand end of a single-stranded nucleotide sequence is the 5′-end; the left-hand direction of a double-stranded nucleotide sequence is referred to as the 5′-direction. The direction of 5′ to 3′ addition of nucleotides to nascent RNA transcripts is referred to as the transcription direction. The DNA strand having the same sequence as an mRNA is referred to as the “coding strand;” sequences on the DNA strand having the same sequence as an mRNA transcribed from that DNA and which are located 5′ to the 5′-end of the RNA transcript are referred to as “upstream sequences;” sequences on the DNA strand having the same sequence as the RNA and which are 3′ to the 3′ end of the coding RNA transcript are referred to as “downstream sequences.”

“cDNA” refers to a DNA that is complementary or identical to an mRNA, in either single stranded or double stranded form.

“Encoding” refers to the inherent property of specific sequences of nucleotides in a polynucleotide, such as a gene, a cDNA, or an mRNA, to serve as templates for synthesis of other polymers and macromolecules in biological processes having either a defined sequence of nucleotides (i.e., rRNA, tRNA and mRNA) or a defined sequence of amino acids and the biological properties resulting therefrom. Thus, a gene encodes a protein if transcription and translation of mRNA produced by that gene produces the protein in a cell or other biological system. Both the coding strand, the nucleotide sequence of which is identical to the mRNA sequence and is usually provided in sequence listings, and non-coding strand, used as the template for transcription, of a gene or cDNA can be referred to as encoding the protein or other product of that gene or cDNA. Unless otherwise specified, a “nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence” includes all nucleotide sequences that are degenerate versions of each other and that encode the same amino acid sequence. Nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and RNA may include introns.

Operably linked: A first nucleic acid sequence is operably linked with a second nucleic acid sequence when the first nucleic acid sequence is placed in a functional relationship with the second nucleic acid sequence. For instance, a promoter, such as the CMV promoter, is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter affects the transcription or expression of the coding sequence. Generally, operably linked DNA sequences are contiguous and, where necessary to join two protein-coding regions, in the same reading frame.

PGT121, PGT122, and PGT123: A family of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to the V1/V2 and V3 regions of HIV-1 Env and can inhibit HIV-1 infection of target cells. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with the PGT121, PGT122, and PGT123 mAbs and with methods of producing them (see, for example, Walker et al., Nature, 477:466-470, 2011, and Int. Pub. No. WO 2012/030904, each of which is incorporated by reference herein). The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the PGT121, PGT122, and PGT123 antibodies are known and have been deposited in GenBank as Nos. AEN14390.1 (PGT121 V_(H)), AEN14407.1 (PGT121 V_(L)), JN201895.1 (PGT122 V_(H)), JN201912.1 (PGT122 V_(L)), JN201896.1 (PGT123 V_(H)), and JN201913.1 (PGT123 V_(L)), each of which is incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014)

PGT141, PGT142, PGT143, and PGT145: A family of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to the V1/V2 domain of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in its prefusion mature closed conformation, and which can inhibit HIV-1 infection of target cells. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with the PGT141, PGT142, PGT143, and PGT145 mAbs and with methods of producing them (see, for example, Walker et al., Nature, 477:466-470, 2011, and Int. Pub. No. WO2012/030904, each of which is incorporated by reference herein). The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the PGT141, PGT142, PGT143, PGT144, and PGT145 mAbs are known and have been deposited in GenBank as Nos. JN201906.1 (PGT141 V_(H)), JN201923.1 (PGT141 V_(L)), JN201907.1 (PGT142 V_(H)), JN201924.1 (PGT142 V_(L)), JN201908.1 (PGT143 V_(H)), JN201925.1 (PGT143 V_(L)), JN201909.1 (PGT144 V_(H)), JN201926.1 (PGT144 V_(L)), JN201910.1 (PGT145 V_(H)), and JN201927.1 (PGT145 V_(L)), each of which is incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014).

PGT151: A broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody that specifically bind to the gp120/gp41 interface of HIV-1 Env in its prefusion mature (cleaved) conformation, and which can inhibit HIV-1 infection of target cells. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with the PGT151 antibody and with methods of producing this antibody (see, for example, Blattner et al., Immunity, 40, 669-680, 2014, and Falkowska et al., Immunity, 40, 657-668, 2014, each of which is incorporated by reference herein). The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the PGT151 mAb are known and have been deposited in GenBank as Nos. KJ700282.1 (PGT151 V_(H)) and KJ700290.1 (PGT151 V_(L)), each of which is incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014).

Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers: The pharmaceutically acceptable carriers of use are conventional. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, by E. W. Martin, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 19th Edition, 1995, describes compositions and formulations suitable for pharmaceutical delivery of the disclosed immunogens.

In general, the nature of the carrier will depend on the particular mode of administration being employed. For instance, parenteral formulations usually comprise injectable fluids that include pharmaceutically and physiologically acceptable fluids such as water, physiological saline, balanced salt solutions, aqueous dextrose, glycerol or the like as a vehicle. For solid compositions (e.g., powder, pill, tablet, or capsule forms), conventional non-toxic solid carriers can include, for example, pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, or magnesium stearate. In addition to biologically neutral carriers, pharmaceutical compositions to be administered can contain minor amounts of non-toxic auxiliary substances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives, and pH buffering agents and the like, for example sodium acetate or sorbitan monolaurate. In particular embodiments, suitable for administration to a subject the carrier may be sterile, and/or suspended or otherwise contained in a unit dosage form containing one or more measured doses of the composition suitable to induce the desired anti-HIV-1 immune response. It may also be accompanied by medications for its use for treatment purposes. The unit dosage form may be, for example, in a sealed vial that contains sterile contents or a syringe for injection into a subject, or lyophilized for subsequent solubilization and administration or in a solid or controlled release dosage.

Polypeptide: Any chain of amino acids, regardless of length or post-translational modification (e.g., glycosylation or phosphorylation). “Polypeptide” applies to amino acid polymers including naturally occurring amino acid polymers and non-naturally occurring amino acid polymer as well as in which one or more amino acid residue is a non-natural amino acid, for example an artificial chemical mimetic of a corresponding naturally occurring amino acid. A “residue” refers to an amino acid or amino acid mimetic incorporated in a polypeptide by an amide bond or amide bond mimetic. A polypeptide has an amino terminal (N-terminal) end and a carboxy terminal (C-terminal) end. “Polypeptide” is used interchangeably with peptide or protein, and is used herein to refer to a polymer of amino acid residues. A protein can include multiple polypeptide chains; for example, mature HIV-1 Env includes gp120 and gp41 polypeptide chains. Additionally, a single contiguous polypeptide chain of amino acid residues can include multiple polypeptides. For example, a single chain HIV-1 Env can include a gp120 polypeptide linked to a gp41 polypeptide by a peptide linker.

In many instances, one or more polypeptides can fold into a specific three-dimensional structure including surface-exposed amino acid residues and non-surface-exposed amino acid residues. In some instances a protein can include multiple polypeptides that fold together into a functional unit. For example, the HIV-1 Env protein is composed of three gp120-gp41 protomers that trimerize in to a multimeric protein. “Surface-exposed amino acid residues” are those amino acids that have some degree of exposure on the surface of the protein, for example such that they can contact the solvent when the protein is in solution. In contrast, non-surface-exposed amino acids are those amino acid residues that are not exposed on the surface of the protein, such that they do not contact solution when the protein is in solution. In some examples, the non-surface-exposed amino acid residues are part of the protein core.

A “protein core” is the interior of a folded protein, which is substantially free of solvent exposure, such as solvent in the form of water molecules in solution. Typically, the protein core is predominately composed of hydrophobic or apolar amino acids. In some examples, a protein core may contain charged amino acids, for example aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, and/or lysine. The inclusion of uncompensated charged amino acids (a compensated charged amino can be in the form of a salt bridge) in the protein core can lead to a destabilized protein. That is, a protein with a lower T_(m) then a similar protein without an uncompensated charged amino acid in the protein core. In other examples, a protein core may have a cavity within the protein core. Cavities are essentially voids within a folded protein where amino acids or amino acid side chains are not present. Such cavities can also destabilize a protein relative to a similar protein without a cavity. Thus, when creating a stabilized form of a protein, it may be advantageous to substitute amino acid residues within the core in order to fill cavities present in the wild-type protein.

Polypeptide modifications: Polypeptides and peptides, such as the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins disclosed herein can be modified by a variety of chemical techniques to produce derivatives having essentially the same activity as the unmodified peptides, and optionally having other desirable properties. For example, carboxylic acid groups of the protein, whether carboxyl-terminal or side chain, may be provided in the form of a salt of a pharmaceutically-acceptable cation or esterified to form a C₁-C₁₆ ester, or converted to an amide of formula NR₁R₂ wherein R₁ and R₂ are each independently H or C₁-C₁₆ alkyl, or combined to form a heterocyclic ring, such as a 5- or 6-membered ring. Amino groups of the peptide, whether amino-terminal or side chain, may be in the form of a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salt, such as the HCl, HBr, acetic, benzoic, toluene sulfonic, maleic, tartaric and other organic salts, or may be modified to C₁-C₁₆ alkyl or dialkyl amino or further converted to an amide. Hydroxyl groups of the peptide side chains can be converted to C₁-C₁₆ alkoxy or to a C₁-C₁₆ ester using well-recognized techniques. Phenyl and phenolic rings of the peptide side chains can be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, such as F, Cl, Br or I, or with C₁-C₁₆ alkyl, C₁-C₁₆ alkoxy, carboxylic acids and esters thereof, or amides of such carboxylic acids. Methylene groups of the peptide side chains can be extended to homologous C₂-C₄ alkylenes. Thiols can be protected with any one of a number of well-recognized protecting groups, such as acetamide groups. Those skilled in the art will also recognize methods for introducing cyclic structures into the peptides of this disclosure to select and provide conformational constraints to the structure that result in enhanced stability. For example, a C- or N-terminal cysteine can be added to the peptide, so that when oxidized the peptide will contain a disulfide bond, generating a cyclic peptide. Other peptide cyclizing methods include the formation of thioethers and carboxyl- and amino-terminal amides and esters.

Prime-boost vaccination: An immunotherapy including administration of a first immunogenic composition (the primer vaccine) followed by administration of a second immunogenic composition (the booster vaccine) to a subject to induce an immune response. The primer vaccine and/or the booster vaccine include a vector (such as a viral vector, RNA, or DNA vector) expressing the antigen to which the immune response is directed. The booster vaccine is administered to the subject after the primer vaccine; the skilled artisan will understand a suitable time interval between administration of the primer vaccine and the booster vaccine, and examples of such timeframes are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the primer vaccine, the booster vaccine, or both primer vaccine and the booster vaccine additionally include an adjuvant. In one non-limiting example, the primer vaccine is a DNA-based vaccine (or other vaccine based on gene delivery), and the booster vaccine is a protein subunit or protein nanoparticle based vaccine.

Protein nanoparticle: A multi-subunit, protein-based polyhedron shaped structure. The subunits are each composed of proteins or polypeptides (for example a glycosylated polypeptide), and, optionally of single or multiple features of the following: nucleic acids, prosthetic groups, organic and inorganic compounds. Non-limiting examples of protein nanoparticles include ferritin nanoparticles (see, e.g., Zhang, Y. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12:5406-5421, 2011, incorporated by reference herein), encapsulin nanoparticles (see, e.g., Sutter et al., Nature Struct. and Mol. Biol., 15:939-947, 2008, incorporated by reference herein), Sulfur Oxygenase Reductase (SOR) nanoparticles (see, e.g., Urich et al., Science, 311:996-1000, 2006, incorporated by reference herein), lumazine synthase nanoparticles (see, e.g., Zhang et al., J. Mol. Biol., 306: 1099-1114, 2001) or pyruvate dehydrogenase nanoparticles (see, e.g., Izard et al., PNAS 96: 1240-1245, 1999, incorporated by reference herein). Ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, lumazine synthase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase are monomeric proteins that self-assemble into a globular protein complexes that in some cases consists of 24, 60, 24, 60, and 60 protein subunits, respectively. In some examples, ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, lumazine synthase, or pyruvate dehydrogenase monomers are linked to a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain and self-assemble into a protein nanoparticle presenting the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain on its surface, which can be administered to a subject to stimulate an immune response to the antigen.

Recombinant: A recombinant nucleic acid is one that has a sequence that is not naturally occurring or has a sequence that is made by an artificial combination of two otherwise separated segments of sequence. This artificial combination can be accomplished, for example, the artificial manipulation of isolated segments of nucleic acids, for example using genetic engineering techniques. A recombinant protein is one that has a sequence that is not naturally occurring or has a sequence that is made by an artificial combination of two otherwise separated segments of sequence. In several embodiments, a recombinant protein is encoded by a heterologous (for example, recombinant) nucleic acid that has been introduced into a host cell, such as a bacterial or eukaryotic cell. The nucleic acid can be introduced, for example, on an expression vector having signals capable of expressing the protein encoded by the introduced nucleic acid or the nucleic acid can be integrated into the host cell chromosome.

Root mean square deviation (RMSD): The square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations from the mean. In several embodiments, RMSD is used as a way of expressing deviation or variation from the structural coordinates of a reference three dimensional structure. This number is typically calculated after optimal superposition of two structures, as the square root of the mean square distances between equivalent C atoms.

Sample (or biological sample): A biological specimen containing genomic DNA, RNA (including mRNA), protein, or combinations thereof, obtained from a subject. Examples include, but are not limited to, peripheral blood, tissue, cells, urine, saliva, tissue biopsy, fine needle aspirate, surgical specimen, and autopsy material.

Sequence identity: The similarity between amino acid sequences is expressed in terms of the similarity between the sequences, otherwise referred to as sequence identity. Sequence identity is frequently measured in terms of percentage identity (or similarity or homology); the higher the percentage, the more similar the two sequences are. Homologs, orthologs, or variants of a polypeptide will possess a relatively high degree of sequence identity when aligned using standard methods.

Methods of alignment of sequences for comparison are well known in the art. Various programs and alignment algorithms are described in: Smith & Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482, 1981; Needleman & Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443, 1970; Pearson & Lipman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:2444, 1988; Higgins & Sharp, Gene, 73:237-44, 1988; Higgins & Sharp, CABIOS 5:151-3, 1989; Corpet et al., Nuc. Acids Res. 16:10881-90, 1988; Huang et al. Computer Appls. in the Biosciences 8, 155-65, 1992; and Pearson et al., Meth. Mol. Bio. 24:307-31, 1994. Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-10, 1990, presents a detailed consideration of sequence alignment methods and homology calculations.

Once aligned, the number of matches is determined by counting the number of positions where an identical nucleotide or amino acid residue is present in both sequences. The percent sequence identity is determined by dividing the number of matches either by the length of the sequence set forth in the identified sequence, or by an articulated length (such as 100 consecutive nucleotides or amino acid residues from a sequence set forth in an identified sequence), followed by multiplying the resulting value by 100. For example, a peptide sequence that has 1166 matches when aligned with a test sequence having 1554 amino acids is 75.0 percent identical to the test sequence (1166÷1554*100=75.0). The percent sequence identity value is rounded to the nearest tenth. For example, 75.11, 75.12, 75.13, and 75.14 are rounded down to 75.1, while 75.15, 75.16, 75.17, 75.18, and 75.19 are rounded up to 75.2. The length value will always be an integer.

Homologs and variants of a polypeptide are typically characterized by possession of at least about 75%, for example at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity counted over the full length alignment with the amino acid sequence of interest. Proteins with even greater similarity to the reference sequences will show increasing percentage identities when assessed by this method, such as at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity. When less than the entire sequence is being compared for sequence identity, homologs and variants will typically possess at least 80% sequence identity over short windows of 10-20 amino acids, and may possess sequence identities of at least 85% or at least 90% or 95% depending on their similarity to the reference sequence. Methods for determining sequence identity over such short windows are available at the NCBI website on the internet. One of skill in the art will appreciate that these sequence identity ranges are provided for guidance only; it is entirely possible that strongly significant homologs could be obtained that fall outside of the ranges provided.

For sequence comparison of nucleic acid sequences, typically one sequence acts as a reference sequence, to which test sequences are compared. When using a sequence comparison algorithm, test and reference sequences are entered into a computer, subsequence coordinates are designated, if necessary, and sequence algorithm program parameters are designated. Default program parameters are used. Methods of alignment of sequences for comparison are well known in the art. Optimal alignment of sequences for comparison can be conducted, e.g., by the local homology algorithm of Smith & Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482, 1981, by the homology alignment algorithm of Needleman & Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443, 1970, by the search for similarity method of Pearson & Lipman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:2444, 1988, by computerized implementations of these algorithms (GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Dr., Madison, Wis.), or by manual alignment and visual inspection (see, e.g., Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 4^(th) ed, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 2012) and Ausubel et al. (In Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, through supplement 104, 2013). One example of a useful algorithm is PILEUP. PILEUP uses a simplification of the progressive alignment method of Feng & Doolittle, J. Mol. Evol. 35:351-360, 1987. The method used is similar to the method described by Higgins & Sharp, CABIOS 5:151-153, 1989. Using PILEUP, a reference sequence is compared to other test sequences to determine the percent sequence identity relationship using the following parameters: default gap weight (3.00), default gap length weight (0.10), and weighted end gaps. PILEUP can be obtained from the GCG sequence analysis software package, e.g., version 7.0 (Devereaux et al., Nuc. Acids Res. 12:387-395, 1984.

Another example of algorithms that are suitable for determining percent sequence identity and sequence similarity are the BLAST and the BLAST 2.0 algorithm, which are described in Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410, 1990 and Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402, 1977. Software for performing BLAST analyses is publicly available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The BLASTN program (for nucleotide sequences) uses as defaults a word length (W) of 11, alignments (B) of 50, expectation (E) of 10, M=5, N=−4, and a comparison of both strands. The BLASTP program (for amino acid sequences) uses as defaults a word length (W) of 3, and expectation (E) of 10, and the BLOSUM62 scoring matrix (see Henikoff & Henikoff, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10915, 1989). An oligonucleotide is a linear polynucleotide sequence of up to about 100 nucleotide bases in length.

As used herein, reference to “at least 80% identity” (or similar language) refers to “at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or even 100% identity” to a specified reference sequence. As used herein, reference to “at least 90% identity” (or similar language) refers to “at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or even 100% identity” to a specified reference sequence.

Single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomain: A recombinant polypeptide including gp120 and the gp41 ectodomain in a single polypeptide chain. Single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomains can trimerize to form a trimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain. A single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomain does not include the furin cleavage site separating gp120 and gp41; therefore, when produced in cells, the Env ectodomain is not cleaved into separate gp120 and gp41 ectodomain polypeptides. For example, the gp120 and gp41 proteins can be linked by a peptide linker, or directly linked. In some embodiments, a single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a circular permuted HIV-1 Env ectodomain. Single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomains are of particular interest for DNA or vector encoded immunogens, as it can be beneficial in these immunogen format to not need to rely on the presence of furin (or furin-like) protease in a host cell for maturation of separate gp120/gp41 polypeptides.

Signal Peptide: A short amino acid sequence (e.g., approximately 18-25 amino acids in length) that directs newly synthesized secretory or membrane proteins to and through membranes (for example, the endoplasmic reticulum membrane). Signal peptides are typically located at the N-terminus of a polypeptide and are removed by signal peptidases after the polypeptide has crossed the membrane. Signal peptide sequences typically contain three common structural features: an N-terminal polar basic region (n-region), a hydrophobic core, and a hydrophilic c-region). Exemplary signal peptide sequences are set forth as residues 1-30 of SEQ ID NO: 1 (HXB2 Env signal peptide) and SEQ ID NO: 2 (BG505 Env signal peptide).

Specifically bind: When referring to the formation of an antibody:antigen protein complex, or a protein:protein complex, refers to a binding reaction which determines the presence of a target protein, peptide, or polysaccharide (for example a glycoprotein), in the presence of a heterogeneous population of proteins and other biologics. Thus, under designated conditions, an particular antibody or protein binds preferentially to a particular target protein, peptide or polysaccharide (such as an antigen present on the surface of a pathogen, for example gp120) and does not bind in a significant amount to other proteins or polysaccharides present in the sample or subject. Specific binding can be determined by methods known in the art. A first protein or antibody specifically binds to a target protein when the interaction has a K_(D) of less than 10⁻⁶ Molar, such as less than 10⁻⁸ Molar, less than 10⁻⁸ Molar, less than 10⁻⁹, or even less than 10⁻¹⁰ Molar. In some embodiments, an antibody does not specifically bind to a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer if the binding interaction of the antibody to trimer has a K_(D) of more than 10⁻⁶ when assayed at stoichiometry of at least one antibody Fab per protomer in the trimer. Subject: Living multi-cellular vertebrate organisms, a category that includes human and non-human mammals. In an example, a subject is a human. In a particular example, the subject is a newborn infant. In an additional example, a subject is selected that is in need of inhibiting of an HIV infection. For example, the subject is either uninfected and at risk of HIV infection or is infected in need of treatment.

T Cell: A white blood cell critical to the immune response. T cells include, but are not limited to, CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ T cells. A CD4⁺ T lymphocyte is an immune cell that expresses CD4 on its surface. These cells, also known as helper T cells, help orchestrate the immune response, including antibody responses as well as killer T cell responses. Th1 and Th2 cells are functional subsets of helper T cells. Th1 cells secrete a set of cytokines, including interferon-gamma, and whose principal function is to stimulate phagocyte-mediated defense against infections, especially related to intracellular microbes. Th2 cells secrete a set of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, and whose principal functions are to stimulate IgE and eosinophil/mast cell-mediated immune reactions and to downregulate Th1 responses.

Therapeutically effective amount: The amount of agent, such as a disclosed immunogen or immunogenic composition that is sufficient to prevent, treat (including prophylaxis), reduce and/or ameliorate the symptoms and/or underlying causes of a disorder or disease, for example to prevent, inhibit, and/or treat HIV-1 infection. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is sufficient to reduce or eliminate a symptom of a disease, such as HIV-1 infection. For instance, this can be the amount necessary to inhibit or prevent viral replication or to measurably alter outward symptoms of the viral infection. In general, this amount will be sufficient to measurably inhibit virus replication or infectivity.

In one example, a desired response is to inhibit or reduce or prevent HIV infection. The HIV infected cells do not need to be completely eliminated or reduced or prevented for the composition to be effective. For example, administration of a therapeutically effective amount of the agent can decrease the number of HIV infected cells (or prevent the infection of cells) by a desired amount, for example by at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or even at least 100% (elimination or prevention of detectable HIV infected cells), as compared to the number of HIV infected cells in the absence of the composition.

It is understood that to obtain a protective immune response against a pathogen can require multiple administrations of the immunogenic composition. Thus, a therapeutically effective amount encompasses a fractional dose that contributes in combination with previous or subsequent administrations to attaining a protective immune response. For example, a therapeutically effective amount of an agent can be administered in a single dose, or in several doses, for example daily, during a course of treatment (such as a prime-boost vaccination treatment). However, the therapeutically effective amount can depend on the subject being treated, the severity and type of the condition being treated, and the manner of administration. A unit dosage form of the agent can be packaged in a therapeutic amount, or in multiples of the therapeutic amount, for example, in a vial (e.g., with a pierceable lid) or syringe having sterile components.

Transmembrane domain: An amino acid sequence that inserts into a lipid bilayer, such as the lipid bilayer of a cell or virus or virus-like particle. A transmembrane domain can be used to anchor an antigen to a membrane. In some examples a transmembrane domain is a HIV-1 Env transmembrane domain. Exemplary HIV-1 Env transmembrane domains are familiar to the person of ordinary skill in the art, and provided herein, for example as SEQ ID NOs: 758, 760, and 762.

Treating or preventing a disease: Inhibiting the full development of a disease or condition, for example, in a subject who is at risk for a disease such as HIV-1 infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). “Treatment” refers to a therapeutic intervention that ameliorates a sign or symptom of a disease or pathological condition after it has begun to develop. The term “ameliorating,” with reference to a disease or pathological condition, refers to any observable beneficial effect of the treatment. The beneficial effect can be evidenced, for example, by a delayed onset of clinical symptoms of the disease in a susceptible subject, a reduction in severity of some or all clinical symptoms of the disease, a slower progression of the disease, a reduction in the viral load, an improvement in the overall health or well-being of the subject, or by other parameters well known in the art that are specific to the particular disease. A “prophylactic” treatment is a treatment administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease or exhibits only early signs for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology.

The term “reduces” is a relative term, such that an agent reduces a response or condition if the response or condition is quantitatively diminished following administration of the agent, or if it is diminished following administration of the agent, as compared to a reference agent. Similarly, the term “prevents” does not necessarily mean that an agent completely eliminates the response or condition, so long as at least one characteristic of the response or condition is eliminated. Thus, an immunogenic composition that reduces or prevents an infection or a response, can, but does not necessarily completely, eliminate such an infection or response, so long as the infection or response is measurably diminished, for example, by at least about 50%, such as by at least about 70%, or about 80%, or even by about 90% of (that is to 10% or less than) the infection or response in the absence of the agent, or in comparison to a reference agent.

Tyrosine Sulfation: Addition of a sulfate group to a tyrosine residue in a protein. In cells, tyrosine sulfation is a post translational modification where a sulfate group is added to a tyrosine residue of a protein molecule in the Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum. Tyrosine sulfation can be catalyzed by a tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferase (TPST), such as TPST1 or TPST2. The reaction catalyzed by TPST is a transfer of sulfate from the universal sulfate donor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the side-chain hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue. Tyrosine sulfation can also be accomplished in vitro, for example by incubating a peptide containing one or more tyrosine residues with a TBST enzyme (such as TBST1 or TBST2) under appropriate conditions. Methods of sulfating a tyrosine residue on a protein are known (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,541,095, 2009/0042738, 2006/0009631, 2003/0170849, 2006/0115859, Liu et al., Mol. Biosyst., 7:38-47, 2011, and Choe and Farzan, Methods in Enzymology, 461: 147-170, 2009) each of which is incorporated by reference herein).

Under conditions sufficient for: A phrase that is used to describe any environment that permits a desired activity.

Vaccine: A pharmaceutical composition that elicits a prophylactic or therapeutic immune response in a subject. In some cases, the immune response is a protective immune response. Typically, a vaccine elicits an antigen-specific immune response to an antigen of a pathogen, for example a viral pathogen, or to a cellular constituent correlated with a pathological condition. A vaccine may include a polynucleotide (such as a nucleic acid encoding a disclosed antigen), a peptide or polypeptide (such as a disclosed antigen), a virus, a cell or one or more cellular constituents. In one specific, non-limiting example, a vaccine reduces the severity of the symptoms associated with HIV infection and/or decreases the viral load compared to a control. In another non-limiting example, a vaccine reduces HIV-1 infection compared to a control.

Vector: A nucleic acid molecule as introduced into a host cell, thereby producing a transformed host cell. Recombinant DNA vectors are vectors having recombinant DNA. A vector can include nucleic acid sequences that permit it to replicate in a host cell, such as an origin of replication. A vector can also include one or more selectable marker genes and other genetic elements known in the art. Viral vectors are recombinant nucleic acid vectors having at least some nucleic acid sequences derived from one or more viruses. A replication deficient viral vector is a vector that requires complementation of one or more regions of the viral genome required for replication due to a deficiency in at least one replication-essential gene function. For example, such that the viral vector does not replicate in typical host cells, especially those in a human patient that could be infected by the viral vector in the course of a therapeutic method.

Virus-like particle (VLP): A non-replicating, viral shell, derived from any of several viruses. VLPs are generally composed of one or more viral proteins, such as, but not limited to, those proteins referred to as capsid, coat, shell, surface and/or envelope proteins, or particle-forming polypeptides derived from these proteins. VLPs can form spontaneously upon recombinant expression of the protein in an appropriate expression system. Methods for producing particular VLPs are known in the art. The presence of VLPs following recombinant expression of viral proteins can be detected using conventional techniques known in the art, such as by electron microscopy, biophysical characterization, and the like. Further, VLPs can be isolated by known techniques, e.g., density gradient centrifugation and identified by characteristic density banding. See, for example, Baker et al. (1991) Biophys. J. 60:1445-1456; and Hagensee et al. (1994) J. Virol. 68:4503-4505; Vincente, J Invertebr Pathol., 2011; Schneider-Ohrum and Ross, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 354: 53073, 2012).

VRC01: A neutralizing monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the CD4 binding site on HIV-1 Env and can inhibit HIV-1 infection of target cells. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with the VRC01 mAb and with methods of its use and production (see, for example, Wu et al., Science, 329(5993):856-861, 2010, and PCT publication WO2012/154312, each of which is incorporated by reference herein). The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the VRC01 mAb are known and have been deposited in GenBank as Nos. ADF47181.1 (VRC01 V_(H)) and ADF47184.1 (VRC01 V_(L)), each of which is incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014)

VRC26: A neutralizing monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the V1/V2 domain of HIV-1 Env trimer in its prefusion mature closed conformation, and which can inhibit HIV-1 infection of target cells. As used herein, “VRC26” refers to the VRC26.09 antibody, which is one of several clonal variants isolated from donor CAP256. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with the VRC26.09 mAb and with methods of its use and production (see, for example, Doria-Rose et al., Nature, 509, 55-62, 2014, which is incorporated by reference herein). The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light variable regions of the VRC26 mAb are known and have been deposited in GenBank as Nos. KJ134874 (VRC26.09 V_(H)) and KJ134886 (VRC26.09 V_(L)), each of which is incorporated by reference herein as present in the database on Jun. 20, 2014).

II. Description of Several Embodiments A. Native HIV-1 Sequences

HIV can be classified into four groups: the “major” group M, the “outlier” group O, group N, and group P. Within group M, there are several genetically distinct clades (or subtypes) of HIV-1. The disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins can be derived from any type of HIV, such as groups M, N, O, or P, or clade, such as clade A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, or K, and the like. HIV-1 Env proteins from the different HIV clades, as well as nucleic acid sequences encoding such proteins and methods for the manipulation and insertion of such nucleic acid sequences into vectors, are known (see, e.g., HIV Sequence Compendium, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (2013); HIV Sequence Database (hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/mainpage.html); see, e.g., Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 4^(th) ed, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 2012) and Ausubel et al. (In Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, through supplement 104, 2013). Exemplary native HIV-1 Env protein sequences are available in the HIV Sequence Database (hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/mainpage.html), further, Table 5 provides sequences for Exemplary native HIV-1 Env proteins.

TABLE 5 Exemplary Native HIV-1 Env sequences Strain Clade Env sequence HXB2 B SEQ ID NO: 1 BG505 A SEQ ID NO: 2 CAP256.SU C SEQ ID NO: 51 BB201.B42 A SEQ ID NO: 81 KER2018.11 A SEQ ID NO: 107 CH070.1 BC SEQ ID NO: 174 ZM233.6 C SEQ ID NO: 745 Q23.17 A SEQ ID NO: 746 A244 AE SEQ ID NO: 747 WITO.33 B SEQ ID NO: 748 ZM53.12 C SEQ ID NO: 749 CNE58 C SEQ ID NO: 750 3301_V1_C24 AC SEQ ID NO: 751 T250-4 AE SEQ ID NO: 2114 JRFL B SEQ ID NO: 2115

In several embodiments, a disclosed immunogen can include a modification (e.g., cysteine substitutions that can form a disulfide bond to stabilize the HIV1 Env protein in a prefusion closed mature conformation) from a native HIV-1 Env protein sequence that has been determined to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies in a human subject, for example broadly neutralizing antibodies that specifically bind the V1V2 domain of HIV-1 Env. For example, in some embodiments, an HIV-1 Env (or fragment thereof) sequence from a CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33 strain of HIV-1 is mutated to include one or more of the disclosed amino acid substitutions to generate a recombinant HIV Env protein (or fragment thereof, such as a gp140 or gp145 protein) that is stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation. For example, in some non-limiting embodiments, cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433, and the SOSIP mutations, are made to a gp140 sequence from a CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33 strain of HIV-1 to generate the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain that can form a trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

In view of the conservation and breadth of knowledge of HIV-1 Env sequences, the person of ordinary skill in the art can easily identify corresponding HIV-1 Env amino acid positions between different HIV-1 Env strains and subtypes. The HXB2 numbering system has been developed to assist comparison between different HIV amino acid and nucleic acid sequences. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with the HXB2 numbering system (see, e.g., Korber et al., Human Retroviruses and AIDS 1998: A Compilation and Analysis of Nucleic Acid and Amino Acid Sequences. Korber B, Kuiken C L, Foley B, Hahn B, McCutchan F, Mellors J W, and Sodroski J, Eds. Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N. Mex., which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). The numbering of amino acid substitutions disclosed herein is made according to the HXB2 numbering system, unless context indicates otherwise.

B. Recombinant HIV-1 Env Ectodomains Stabilized in a Prefusion Mature Closed Conformation

Isolated immunogens are disclosed herein that include a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment thereof that is modified from a native form (e.g., by introduction of one or more amino acid substitutions) to be stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

The HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can include a prefusion mature closed conformation wherein the V1V2 domain of each Env ectodomain protomer in the trimer comes together at the membrane distal apex. At the membrane proximal aspect, the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation includes distinct α6 and α7 helices; the α7 helix does not start until after residue 570. For example, in the prefusion mature closed conformation, the interprotomer distance between residues 200 and 313 can be less than 5 Angstroms.

In several embodiments, the immunogen includes a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer, which can include, for example, a trimeric complex of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains that are stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation by one or more amino acid substitutions. The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer typically includes a protein complex of gp120-gp41 ectodomain protomers. The gp120-gp41 protomer can include separate gp120 and gp41 polypeptide chains, or can include gp120 and gp41 polypeptide chains that are linked (e.g., by a peptide linker) to form a single polypeptide chain (e.g., as described in the “single chain” section below). In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is membrane anchored and can include a trimeric complex of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains that are linked to a transmembrane domain (e.g., a gp145 protein including a gp120 protein and a gp41 ectodomain and transmembrane domain).

The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a gp120 protein and a gp41 ectodomain. The gp120 protein typically does not include a signal peptide (for example, the gp120 protein typically does not include gp120 residues 1-30), as the signal peptide is proteolytically cleaved during cellular processing. Additionally, the gp41 ectodomain includes the extracellular portion of gp41 (e.g., positions 512-664). In embodiments including a soluble recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain, the gp41 ectodomain is not linked to a transmembrane domain or other membrane anchor. However, in embodiments including a membrane anchored recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain the gp41 ectodomain can be linked to a transmembrane domain (such as, but not limited to, an HIV-1 Env transmembrane domain).

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a gp120 polypeptide and a gp41 ectodomain, wherein

the n-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is one of HIV-1 Env positions 1-35;

the c-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is one of HIV-1 Env positions 503-511;

the n-terminal residue of the gp41 ectodomain is one of HIV-1 Env positions 512-522; and/or

the c-terminal residue of the gp41 ectodomain is one of HIV-1 Env positions 624-705.

In one non-limiting example, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a gp120 polypeptide and a gp41 ectodomain, wherein the n-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is HIV-1 Env position 31; the c-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is HIV-1 Env position 511; the n-terminal residue of the gp41 polypeptide is HIV-1 Env position 512; and/or the c-terminal residue of the gp41 polypeptide is HIV-1 Env position 664. In some embodiments, the C-terminal residue of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain is position 683 (the entire ectodomain, terminating just before the transmembrane domain). In additional embodiments, the C-terminal residue of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain is position 707 (the entire ectodomain, terminating just after the transmembrane domain).

Native HIV-1 Env sequences include a furin cleavage site (e.g., REKR, SEQ ID NO: 572) between positions 508 and 512 (HXB2 numbering), that separates gp120 and gp41. Any of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains can further include an enhanced cleavage site between gp120 and gp41 proteins. The enhanced cleavage cite can include, for example, substitution of six arginine resides for the four residues of the native cleavage site (e.g., REKR (SEQ ID NO: 572) to RRRRRR (SEQ ID NO: 573). As used herein, reference to “R6” indicates that a HIV Env protein includes the RRRRRR (SEQ ID NO: 573) substitution for the native furin cleavage site. It will be understood that protease cleavage of the furin or enhanced cleavage site separating gp120 and gp41 can remove a few amino acids from either end of the cleavage site.

Stabilization of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment in the prefusion mature closed conformation prevents transition of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain to the CD-bound open conformation. Thus, the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers can be specifically bound by an antibody that is specific for the mature closed conformation of HIV-1 Env (e.g., VRC26, PGT151, PGT122, or PGT145), but are not specifically bound by an antibody specific for the CD4-bound open conformation, of HIV-1 Env (e.g., 17b mAb in the presence of sCD4). In one example, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is not specifically bound by an antibody specific for a CD4-induced epitope on the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer, such as the 17b antibody. Methods of determining if a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a CD4-induced epitope are known in the art and disclosed herein (See Examples 1 and 2). For example, the antibody binding assay can be conducted in the presence of a molar excess of soluble CD4 as described in Sanders et al. (Plos Pathogens, 9, e1003618, 2013).

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers can be specifically bound by an antibody that specifically binds to the V1V2 domain on a HIV-1 Env trimer, but not an Env monomer. Exemplary antibodies with such antigen binding characteristics include the PGT141, PGT142, PGT143, PGT144, PGT145, and VRC26 antibodies. Additional examples include the PG9, PG16, and CH01-CH04 antibodies. Accordingly, in some embodiments the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer specifically binds to an antibody (such as a PGT141, PGT142, PGT143, PGT144, PGT145, and VRC26 antibody) that specifically binds to the V1V2 domain of a HIV-1 Env in its trimeric, but not monomeric, form with a dissociation constant of less than 10⁻⁶ Molar, such as less than 10⁻⁷ Molar, less than 10⁻⁸ Molar, or less than 10⁻⁹ Molar. Specific binding can be determined by methods known in the art. The determination of specific binding may readily be made by using or adapting routine procedures, such as ELISA, immunocompetition, surface plasmon resonance, or other immunosorbant assays (described in many standard texts, including Harlow and Lane, Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, CSHL, New York, 1999).

The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers or immunogenic fragments are stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation by one or more amino acid substitutions. Thus, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers or immunogenic fragments are not stabilized by non-specific crosslinking, for example glutaraldehyde crosslinking of membrane bound HIV-1 Env trimers.

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is soluble in aqueous solution. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer dissolves to a concentration of at least 0.5 mg/ml (such as at least 1.0 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml, 2.0 mg/ml, 3.0 mg/ml, 4.0 mg/ml or at least 5.0 mg/ml) in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) at room temperature (e.g., 20-22 degrees Celsius) and remains dissolved for at least for at least 12 hours (such as at least 24 hours, at least 48 hours, at least one week, at least two weeks, or more time). In one embodiment, the phosphate buffered saline includes NaCl (137 mM), KCl (2.7 mM), Na₂HPO₄ (10 mM), KH₂PO₄ (1.8 mM) at pH 7.4. In some embodiments, the phosphate buffered saline further includes CaCl₂ (1 mM) and MgCl₂ (0.5 mM). The person of skill in the art is familiar with methods of determining if a protein remains in solution over time. For example, the concentration of the protein dissolved in an aqueous solution can be tested over time using standard methods.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer, when incubated in an aqueous solution, forms a population of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, wherein at least 70% (such as at least 80%, or at least 90% or at least 95% or at least 98%) of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers in the population specifically bind to an antibody that specifically binds to the V1V2 domain of a trimer, but not monomeric HIV-1 Env (such as a PGT141, PGT142, PGT143, PGT144, PGT145, and VRC26 antibody) after

(a) incubation for one hour in 350 mM NaCl pH 7.0, at 50° C.;

(b) incubation for one hour in 350 mM NaCl pH 3.5, at 25° C.;

(c) incubation for one hour in 350 mM NaCl pH 10, at 25° C.;

(d) incubation for one hour in 10 mM osmolarity, pH 7.0, at 25° C.;

(e) incubation for one hour in 3000 mM osmolarity, pH 7.0, at 25° C.;

(g) a combination of two or more of (a)-(e); or

a combination of (a) and (b); (a) and (c); (a) and (d); (a) and (e); (b) and (d); (b) and (e); (c) and (d); (c) and (e); (a), (b), and (d); (a), (c), and (d); (a), (b), and (e); or (a), (c), and (e).

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer, when incubated in an aqueous solution, forms a population of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, wherein at least 70% (such as at least 80%, or at least 90% or at least 95% or at least 98%) of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers in the population specifically bind to an antibody that specifically binds to the V1V2 domain of a trimer, but not monomeric HIV-1 Env (such as a PGT141, PGT142, PGT143, PGT144, PGT145, and VRC26 antibody) ten freeze-thaw cycles in 350 mM NaCl pH 7.0.

Several embodiments include a multimer of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment thereof, for example, a multimer including 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, or more of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers or immunogenic fragment thereof.

It is understood in the art that some variations can be made in the amino acid sequence of a protein without affecting the activity of the protein. Such variations include insertion of amino acid residues, deletions of amino acid residues, and substitutions of amino acid residues. These variations in sequence can be naturally occurring variations or they can be engineered through the use of genetic engineering technique known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such techniques are found in see, e.g., Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 4^(th) ed, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 2012) and Ausubel et al. (In Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, through supplement 104, 2013, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include modifications of the native HIV-1 sequence, such as amino acid substitutions, deletions or insertions, glycosylation and/or covalent linkage to unrelated proteins (e.g., a protein tag), as long as the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can form a trimer that is stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation. HIV-1 Env proteins from the different Clades, as well as nucleic acid sequences encoding such proteins and methods for the manipulation and insertion of such nucleic acid sequences into vectors, are disclosed herein and known in the art.

In some embodiments a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain included in the disclosed trimers includes a gp120 polypeptide and a gp41 ectodomain including amino acid sequences at least 75% (for example at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%) sequence identity to a corresponding native HIV-1 gp120 or gp41 ectodomain polypeptide sequence (e.g., a native gp120 or gp41 ectodomain protein sequence from a clade A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J or K HIV-1 Env protein), such a native HIV-1 sequence available in the HIV Sequence Database (hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/mainpage.html) or a native HIV-1 Env polypeptide sequence set forth in Table 5, and include the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the protein in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

In additional embodiments, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain included in the disclosed trimers includes a gp120 polypeptide and/or a gp41 ectodomain including one or more amino acid substitutions compared to a corresponding native HIV-1 Env sequence. For example, in some embodiments, the gp120 polypeptide, gp41 ectodomain, or both, can include up to 20 (such as up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19) amino acid substitutions compared to a native HIV-1 gp140 polypeptide sequence (e.g., a native gp120 or gp41 ectodomain protein sequence from a clade A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J or K HIV-1 Env protein), such a native HIV-1 sequence available in the HIV Sequence Database (hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/mainpage.html) or a native HIV-1 Env polypeptide sequence set forth in Table 5, and include the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the protein in the prefusion mature closed conformation. The simplest modifications involve the substitution of one or more amino acids for amino acids having similar biochemical properties. These so-called conservative substitutions are likely to have minimal impact on the activity of the resultant protein.

The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain included in the disclosed trimers can be derivatized or linked to another molecule (such as another peptide or protein). In general, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain is derivatized such that the binding to broadly neutralizing antibodies to a trimer of the recombinant HIV-1 ectodomain, such as PGT122, is not affected adversely by the derivatization or labeling. For example, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can be functionally linked (by chemical coupling, genetic fusion, noncovalent association or otherwise) to one or more other molecular entities, such as an antibody or protein or detection tag.

The stabilizing modifications provided herein are targeted modifications that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation. Guided by the structural features identified in the prefusion mature closed conformation, several modes of stabilizing the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in this conformation are available, including (but not limited to) amino acid substitutions that introduce one or more non-natural disulfide bonds, fill cavities within the HIV-1 ectodomain trimer, prevent structural rearrangements, introduce N-linked glycosylation sites, and combinations thereof. Corresponding mutations are discussed in more detail below:

Reference to Table 13

Several stabilizing mutations are provided that can be included on a HIV-1 ectodomain to generate a trimeric HIV-1 ectodomain stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation. These mutations include, but are not limited to, those provided in Table 13. In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a HIV-1 Env ectodomain including the amino acid substitutions set forth in any one row of column 5, column 6, or columns 5 and 6, of Table 13. In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a HIV-1 Env ectodomain including an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical to any one of the modified HIV-1 Env Ectodomain sequences listed in Table 13. In further embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a HIV-1 Env ectodomain including the amino acid sequence of any one of the modified HIV-1 Env Ectodomain sequences listed in of Table 13

Some of the sequences of recombinant HIV-1 ectodomains provided herein include the sequence of protease cleavage sites (such as thrombin sites), protein tags (such as a His tag, a Strep Tag II, a Avi tag, etc.), signal peptides, that the person of ordinary skill in the art will understand would not be included in an isolated immunogen including a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain immunogen. The person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize such sequences, and when appropriate, understand that these tags or protease cleavage sites are not included in a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes the SOSIP, R6, 664 and 201C/433C modifications, an asparagine at position 332, and the substitutions listed in column 6 of any one of the rows for SEQ ID NO: 1245-1367 or 1580-1610 of Table 13. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes the SOSIP, R6, and 664 substitutions, an asparagine at position 332, and the substitutions listed in column 6 of any one of the rows for SEQ ID NO: 1368-1399 or 1580-1610 of Table 13. In several such embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can be based on a JRFL or a BG505 strain of HIV-1. In some embodiments, the gp120/gp41 ectodomains in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can comprise an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NO: 1245-1399 or 1580-1610, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes the SOSIP, R6, 664, and 201C/433C substitutions, an asparagine at position 332, and is based on a strain of HIV-1 as listed in column 4 of any one of the rows for SEQ ID NO: 26, 1057-1077, 1400-1579 of Table 13. In some embodiments, the gp120/gp41 ectodomains in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can comprise an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NO: 26, 1057-1077, 1400-1579, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.

Non-Natural Disulfide Bonds

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes one or more non-natural disulfide bonds that stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation. A non-natural disulfide bond is one that does not occur in a native HIV-1 Env protein, and is introduced by protein engineering (e.g., by including one or more substituted cysteine residues that form the non-natural disulfide bond). For example, in some embodiments, any of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers can be stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation by any one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 non-natural disulfide bonds.

The cysteine residues that form the disulfide bond can be introduced into a native HIV-1 sequence by one or more amino acid substitutions. For example, in some embodiments, a single amino acid substitution introduces a cysteine that forms a disulfide bond with a cysteine residue present in the native HIV-1 sequence. Alternately, two cysteine residues can be introduced into a native HIV-1 Env ectodomain sequence to form the disulfide bond. The location of the cysteine (or cysteines) of the non-natural disulfide bond can be determined by the person of ordinary skill in the art using the disclosed structure of the HIV-1 ectodomain trimer in a prefusion mature closed conformation.

For example, the amino acid positions of the cysteines are typically within a sufficiently close distance for formation of a disulfide bond in the prefusion mature closed conformation of the HIV-1 Env protein trimer. Methods of using three-dimensional structure data to determine if two residues are within a sufficiently close distance to one another for disulfide bond formation are known (see, e.g., Peterson et al., Protein engineering, 12:535-548, 1999 and Dombkowski, Bioinformatics, 19:1852-1853, 3002 (disclosing DISULFIDE BY DESIGN™), each of which is incorporated by reference herein). Residues can be selected manually, based on the three dimensional structure of the HIV-1 Env trimer in a prefusion mature closed conformation provided herein, or a software, such as DISULFIDEBYDESIGN™, can be used. Without being bound by theory, ideal distances for formation of a disulfide bond are generally considered to be about ˜5.6 Å for Cα-Cα distance, ˜2.02 Å for Sγ-Sγ distance, and 3.5-4.25 Å for Cβ-Cβ distance (using the optimal rotomer). The person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that variations from these distances are included when selecting residues in a three dimensional structure that can be substituted for cysteines for introduction of a disulfide bond. For example, in some embodiments the selected residues have a Cα-Cα distance of less than 7.0 Å and/or a Cβ-Cβ distance of less than 4.7 Å. In some embodiments the selected residues have a Cα-Cα distance of from 2.0-8.0 Å and/or a Cβ-Cβ distance of from 2.0-5.5 Å. In several embodiments, the amino acid positions of the cysteines are within a sufficiently close distance for formation of a disulfide bond in the prefusion mature closed conformation, but not the CD4-bound open conformation of the HIV-1 Env protein.

For example, the person of ordinary skill in the art can determine the relative position of a particular amino acid between the prefusion mature closed and CD4-bound conformations of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain by comparing the prefusion mature closed structures disclosed in the Examples and the structural coordinates provided in Tables 1-4, with the previously identified CD4-bound conformation described in Example 1. Methods of determining relative position of a particular amino acid between the two protein structures (e.g., between the three dimensional structures prefusion mature closed- and CD4-bound-HIV-1 Env protein) are known. For example the person of ordinary skill in the art can use known superimposition methods to compare the two structures (e.g., methods using the LSQKAB program (Kabsch W. Acta. Cryst. A32 922-923 (1976)).

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein is stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation by a disulfide bond between a cysteine introduced at an amino acid position that changes conformation, and a cysteine introduced into an amino acid position that does not change conformation, between the prefusion mature closed conformation and the CD4-bound conformation of HIV-1 Env. For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein is stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation by a disulfide bond between a pair of cysteines, wherein the first cysteine is in an amino acid position of the HIV-1 Env protein that has a root mean square deviation of at least 5 (such as at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9 or at least 10) angstroms between the three-dimensional structure of the HIV-1 Env protein prefusion mature closed and CD4-bound conformations, and the second cysteine is in an amino acid position of the HIV-1 Env protein that has a root mean square deviation of less than 4 (such as less than 3, 2, or 1) angstroms between the three-dimensional structure of the HIV-1 Env protein prefusion mature closed and CD4-bound conformations.

In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein is stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation by a disulfide bond between cysteines that are introduced at amino acid positions that both change conformation between the prefusion mature closed and CD4-bound conformations. For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein includes amino acid substitutions introducing a pair of cysteines, wherein the first cysteine and the second cysteine are at amino acid positions of the HIV-1 Env protein that both have a root mean square deviation of at least 5 (such as at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9 or at least 10) angstroms between the three-dimensional structure of the prefusion mature closed and CD4-bound conformations of the HIV-1 Env protein.

In several embodiments the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain included in the trimer includes one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the V1V2 domain “cap” and/or V3 domain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain included in the trimer includes a non-natural disulfide bond between a first cysteine in a position of the β2 sheet and a second cysteine in a gp120 positions of the β21 sheet of the HIV-1 ectodomain in the mature closed conformation as disclosed herein (see FIG. 11).

In some embodiments, the gp120 polypeptide in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a non-natural disulfide bond between a pair of cysteine substitutions at one of gp120 positions 179-180 and one of gp120 positions 420-423; one of gp120 positions 190-210 and one of gp120 positions 425-437; one of gp120 positions 198-202 and one of gp120 positions 428-437; one of gp120 positions 179-180 and one of gp120 positions 421-423; or one of gp120 positions 195-201 to one of gp120 positions 423-433, wherein the non-natural disulfide bond stabilizes the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

In some embodiments, the gp120 polypeptide in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a pair of cysteine substitutions that can form a disulfide bond to stabilize a trimer of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the mature closed conformation. Exemplary gp120 positions that can be mutated to cysteine, as well as exemplary mutations (in the context of the BG505 strain), and an exemplary sequence including the indicated mutations are provided in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Non-natural gp120-gp120 disulfide bonds. Exemplary Env Exemplary positions Substitutions Intra- or (HXB2 (HXB2 Inter- Exemplary numbering) numbering) protomer? Comment SEQ ID NO  36 and 496 V36C/V496C Intra Stabilize gp120 N and C termini 649  36 and 498 V36C/P498C Intra Stabilize gp120 N and C termini 650  37 and 497 T37C/A497C Intra Stabilize gp120 N and C termini 651  38 and 496 V38C/V496C Intra Stabilize gp120 N and C termini 652  36 and 608 V36C/V608C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 82 55 and 77 A55C/T77C Intra Inhibit α0 formation 683 57 and 77 D57C/T77C Intra Inhibit α0 formation 98 58 and 77 A58C/T77C Intra Inhibit α0 formation 97  66 and 209 V66C/S209C Intra Inhibit α0 formation 101  68 and 208 V68C/V208C Intra Inhibit α0 formation 100  68 and 209 V68C/S209C Intra Inhibit α0 formation 99 120 and 315 V120C/Q315C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 70 122 and 125 L122C/L125C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 64 122 and 203 L122C/Q203C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 77, 785 122 and 317 L122C/F317C Intra Locking the V3 to gp120 to prevent exposure/opening 789 122 and 433 L122C/A433C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 162 124 and 164 P124C/T164C Inter stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 71 124 and 166 P124C/R166C Inter stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 20 128 and 165 T128C/L165C Inter stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 128 and 167 T128C/T167C Inter stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 72 163 and 170 T163C/Q170C Intra Stabilize V1V2 662 164 and 197 E164C/N197C Inter stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 19 164 and 308 S164C/H308C Intra Locking the V3 to V1V2 to prevent exposure/opening 794 172 and 307 E172C/I307C Intra Locking the V3 to V1V2 to prevent exposure/opening 791 174 and 318 S174C/A319C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 8 174 and 319 S174C/T319C Intra Locking the V3 to V1V2 to prevent exposure/opening 793 175 and 320 L175C/T320C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation  9, 795 176 and 180 F176C/D180C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 57 180 and 421 D180C/K421C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 28 180 and 423 D180C/I423C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 21 195 and 423 N195C/I423C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 22 195 and 433 N195C/A433C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 23, 777 199 and 431 S199C/G431C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 25 199 and 433 S199C/A433C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 24, 778 200 and 313 A200C/P313C Inter stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 12 200 and 432 A200C/Q432C Intra Stabilize β21 to V1V2 653 201 and 433 I201C/A433C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 26, 773 202 and 434 T202C/M434C Intra Stabilize β21 to V1V2 654 202 and 433 T202C/A433C Intra Stabilize β21 to V1V2 656 203 and 317 Q203C/F317C Intra Locking the V3 to gp120 to prevent exposure/opening 788 204 and 434 A204C/M434C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 63 204 and 436 A204C/A436C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 58 206 and 318 P206C/Y318C Intra Locking the V3 to gp120 to prevent exposure/opening 792 212 and 252 P212C/K252C intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 60 225 and 245 I225C/V245C Intra Stabilizes V1V1 646 225 and 488 I225C/V488C Intra Stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 659 257 and 375 T257C/S375C Intra Stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 682 294 and 333 I294C/V333C Intra Stabilize core 664 298 and 329 R298C/A329C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 74 304 and 440 R304C/Q440C Intra Stabilize prefusion close conformation (through V3) 743, 779, 787 318 and 437 Y318C/P437C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 53, 790 320 and 438 T320C/P438C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 27, 796 364 and 372 S364C/T372C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 80 370 and 426 E370C/M426C Intra stabilize strand β20 to core gp120 170 380 and 426 G380C/M426C Intra stabilize strand β20 to core gp120 171 382 and 424 F382C/I424C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation 73 425 and 433 N425C/A433C Intra stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation (stabilize 69, 783 β20 to β21) 425 and 430 N425C/I430C Intra Stabilizes CD4 binding loop (stabilize β20 to β21) 52

In one non-limiting embodiment, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433 (e.g., I201C and A433C substitutions). In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433 (e.g., I201C and A433C substitutions) and further include one or more additional mutations as disclosed herein. Exemplary additional mutations include those disclosed herein that stabilize the V1V2 domain, the V3 domain, or the CD4 binding site in the prefusion mature closed conformation, or a mutation that stabilizes gp41 in the prefusion mature closed conformation, such as a mutation that inhibits HR1 or HR2 formation or fusion peptide extension. Non-limiting examples of mutations that can be combined with the cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433 include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations, as well as any of the mutations listed in Table 9, below.

Cavity Filling Amino Acid Substitutions

Comparison of the structure of the mature closed conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer (e.g., in complex with PGT122 and 35O22 Fabs as disclosed herein) to the structure of the CD4-bound conformation of HIV-1 Env identifies several internal cavities or pockets in the mature closed conformation that collapse when the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer transitions from the prefusion closed conformation to the CD4-bound open conformation. These cavities include those listed in Table 8, below.

Accordingly, in several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can be stabilized in the mature closed conformation by one or more amino acid substitutions that reduce the volume of an internal cavity that collapses in the CD4-bound conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer. For example, cavities can be filled by substituting amino acids with large side chains for those with small side chains. The cavities can be intra-protomer cavities, or inter-protomer cavities. The person of ordinary skill in the art can use methods provided herein to compare the structures of the mature closed and CD4-bound conformations of HIV-1 Env to identify suitable cavities, and amino acid substitutions for filling the identified cavities. Exemplary cavities, amino acid substitutions for reducing the volume of these cavities are provided in Table 8.

Exemplary HIV-1 Env positions for introducing cavity filling amino acid substitutions that stabilize the prefusion mature closed conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer are provided in Table 8, as are corresponding amino acid substitutions with reference to the BG505 strain, and an exemplary sequence including the indicated substitution.

TABLE 8 Exemplarity cavity-filling amino acid substitutions Exemplary substitution Exemplary Exemplary Position residues substitution(s) SEQ ID NO Cavity Location (CL) and stabilizing mechanism (SM) 39 W, M, I, F Y39F, Y39W 47-48 CL: gp120/gp41 interface SM: fill cavity and add hydrophobic interactions at the gp120- gp41 interactive surface 50 F, Y, L, I, M, V, W T50W 181 CL: gp120/gp41 interface SM: stabilize gp120/gp41 interface 53 W F53W 197 CL: gp120-gp41 interface, near N-term of β-2 SM: Fill cavity between gp120 and gp41 to stabilize gp41 disordered region and gp120/gp41 interaction 55 F A55F 678 CL: gp120 C1 with F substitution to stabilize gp120 N terminus 61 W Y61W 195 CL: Middle of α1 SM: Fill cavity between gp120 and gp41; prevent CD4-induced α0 formation/α1 disruption 68 F, W, Y, L, I, M V68L 196 CL: Loop between α-1 and β0 SM: Fill cavities that are otherwise filled by CD4 induced α0 formation 70 F, Y, W A70F, A70Y 143, 144 CL: Close to A70, α0/α7 SM: Extension of hydrophobic/aromatic patch-gp41/gp120 stabilization 75 W, F, M V75W, V75F, 90, 91, CL: gp120/gp41 interface V75M 92 SM: stabilize gp120/gp41 interface 77 F T77F 676 CL: gp120 C1 with F substitution to stabilize gp120 N terminus 110 F, Y, L, I, M, V, W S110W 178 CL: trimer axis/gp41 interface boundary SM: stabilize prefusion axis interactions/gp41 interface/prevent helix movement 111 F, Y, W L111Y, L111F, 145, 146, CL: gp120 C1, Close to A70, α0/α7 L111W 697 SM: Extension of hydrophobic/aromatic patch-gp41/gp120 stabilization (α7/α0, cavity close to A70), Substitute W to stabilize gp120 terminus 114 F, Y, L, I, M, V, W Q114W 179 CL: trimer axis/gp41 interface boundary SM: stabilize prefusion axis interactions/gp41 interface/prevent helix movement 115 F, W, Y, L, I, M, V S115W 139 CL: C-term of α1 SM: Reduces cavity at top of α1, which shifts conformation in CD4-bound state 117 F, Y, L, I, H, R, K117E, K117W 175, 176 CL: trimer axis E, D, M, V, W SM: stabilize prefusion axis interactions 118 F, W, Y, L, I, M, V P118W 140 CL: SM: Reduces cavity near top (c-term) of α1, which shifts conformation in CD4-bound state 120 F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, V120W 128 CL: Under V1V2 cap at N-term of β2 D, M, V, W SM: stabilize V1V2 mature closed conformation/prevent bridging sheet formation, β2 extends in CD4-bound state, this stabilizes small hydrophobic pocket in ground state 121 F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, K121E 177 CL: trimer axis D, M, V SM: stabilize prefusion axis interactions 123 F, Y, L, M, V, W T123W 172 CL: trimer axis SM: stabilize prefusion axis interactions 125 F, W, Y, L, I, M, V L125W, L125F 131, 685 CL: Cavity near N-term of V1V2 domain and V3 near residue 127 and 126-196 disulfide of V1V2 SM: Removal of ground state destabilization/flexibility cavity filling, stabilize V1/V2/V3 136 W N136W 686 CL: gp120 V1. Substitute W to stabilize V1/V2/V3 139 F, M, I, Y, T; T139W  45 CL: interface of V1V2 and V3 loops SM: Stabilize interactions between V1V2 and V3 loops in the mature closed state 151 F, W, Y, L, I, M, V R151E, 132 CL: near V1 loop at position 153 SM: Adding hydrophobic patch at V1 loop to V3 loop 153 F, W E153F, E153W 707, 708 CL: V1V2-V3/gp120core interface, 154 F, W L154F, L154W 709, 710 CL: gp120 V1/V2. Substitute F, Y or W, stabilize V1/V2/V3 159 W, Y F159W, F159Y 133, 30  CL: Primary hydrophobic pocket between V1V2 and V3 near residue 159 SM: Stabilize hydrophobic core of V1V2-V3 interactions 161 F, W, Y, L, I M161W 135 CL: Hydrophobic patch at Cterm of V1V2 strand B SM: Stabilize V1V2 strand B to V3 near trimeric interface 164 F, W E164F, E164W 711, 712 CL: inter-protomer, Substitute F or W, 173 Y173W 703 CL: gp120 V1/V2/V3. 173: Substitute W or F 175 F, W L175F, L175W 705, 706 CL: V1V2-V3 interface, Substitute F or W, 176 W F176W 733 CL: gp120 V1/V2. Substitute Y or W, stabilize V1/V2/V3 177 W Y177W 198 CL: C-term of beta C SM: Fills cavity between V3 and gp120 core to stabilize closed V1V2 cap 179 F, Y, M, I, W L179W  46 CL: V1V2 loop gp120 core interface SM: Stabilize V1V2 loop-gp120 core interaction in mature closed state 180 180: L, V, I, M D180L 123 CL: V1V2 interaction near residue 180 with V3 and base of β21 SM: stabilize v1v2 to v3 along with destabilizing β21 from adopting CD4-bound-conformation 191 W, F Y191W, Y191F 4, 5 CL: SM: Stabilize V1V2 cap 198 F T198F 713 CL: V1V2-gp120 core interface 201 F, Y, L, M, V I201W 173 CL: parallel β # SM: prevent bridging sheet formation 202 F, W T202F, T202W 714 CL: V1V2-gp120 core interface, Substitute F or W, 203 F, W, Y, L, I, M, V Q203V 129 CL: Under V1V2 cap at N-term of β2 SM: stabilize prefusion cap/prevent bridging sheet formation, β2 extends in CD4-bound state, this stabilizes small hydrophobic pocket in ground state 204 F, W A204F, A204W 716, 724 CL: V1V2-gp120 core interface, Substitute F or W, 208 W, Y, F, M V208W, 93-96 CL: between α1 and strand leading to bridging sheet in the V208Y, V208F, CD4-bound conformation V208 SM: Destabilize CD4-bound conformation 209 R S209R, 196 CL: Loop between β3 and β4 SM: Fill cavity otherwise filled by CD4 induced α0 formation 220 F, Y, L, I, M, V, W P220W 180 CL: SM: stabilize gp41 interface 223 Y, W F223W  31, 780 CL: near β5 SM: stabilize gp120/gp41 interface 245 F V245F 700 CL: gp120 C2. Substitute F to stabilize gp120 V1/V2/V3, interprotomer 246 F, W, Y, L, I, M, V Q246W 197 CL: gp120-gp41 interface, near middle of β8 SM: Fill a cavity between gp120 and gp41 to stabilize gp41 disordered region and gp120/gp41 interaction 254 F V254F 670 CL: gp120 C2 with F substitution to stabilize gp120 260 F L260F 671 CL: gp120 C2 with F substitution to stabilize gp120 261 F L261F 672 CL: gp120 C2 with F substitution to stabilize gp120, interprotomer 263 W G263W 673 CL: gp120 C2 with W substitution to stabilize gp120, interprotomer 302 F, W N302F, N302W 725, 726 CL: V3-V1V2/gp120 core interface 309 F, W, Y, L, M I309W 136 CL: Hydrophobic patch at C-term of V1V2 strand B SM: Stabilize V1V2 strand B to V3 near trimeric interface 317 W, Y F317W 134 CL: Primary hydrophobic pocket between V1V2 and V3 near position 159 SM: Stabilize hydrophobic core of V1V2-V3 interactions 323 W I323W 690 CL: gp120 V3. Substitute F to stabilize V1/V2/V3 326 M, W, F, Y, R I326R, I326F  45, 691 CL: at the interface of V1V2 and V3 loops SM: Stabilize interactions between V1V2 and V3 loops in the mature closed state 328 328: F, W, Y, L, I, Q328W 132 CL: near V3 loop M, V SM: Adding hydrophobic patch at V1 loop to V3 loop 332 F, Y, W I332F 198 CL: C-term of beta V3B, SM: Fills cavity between V3 and gp120 core to stabilize closed V1V2 cap 380 F G380F 667 CL: gp120 C4 with F substitution to stabilize gp120 421 421: F, W, Y K421W, 123 CL: V1V2 interaction near residue 180 with V3 and base of β21 SM: This will stabilize v1v2 to v3 along with destabilizing β21 from adopting CD4-bound-conformation 423 F, Y, L, M, V, W I423F, I423W 173, 717, CL: gp120core-V1V2 interface, parallel β # 718 SM: prevent bridging sheet formation 426 G, V, I, L, F, Y, W, M426W, 54, 75, CL: CD4 binding site R, K, P M426A, 78, 83 SM: Constrains CD4 binding loop, Blocks transition to CD4 M426F, bound conformation M426P 429 F, Y, L, I, M, V, W R429W 182 CL: under parallel β# SM: prevent bridging sheet formation 431 Any G431P  68, 782 CL: CD4 binding site SM: sterically interferes with CD4 binding specifically without affecting antibody binding 432 F, W Q432F, Q432W 719, 720 CL: stabilize unliganded conformation of bridging sheet region 436 M, F, W A436M, A436F, 721, 722, CL: stabilize unliganded conformation of bridging sheet region A436W 723 437 F P437F 668 CL: gp120 C terminus with F substitution and stabilize gp120 C terminus 473 Any G473A, G473S, 65-67, CL: CD4 binding site G473Y 781 SM: sterically interferes with CD4 binding specifically without affecting antibody binding 478 F N478F 660 CL: gp120 C terminus substituted with F and stabilize gp120 C terminus 522 Y F522Y  34 CL: near N-tern of fusion peptide SM: Fusion Peptide Cavity Fill 523 F L523F  33 CL: near N-tern of fusion peptide SM: Fusion Peptide Cavity Fill 530 W M530W  29 CL: gp41-tryptophan clasp SM: stabilize interactions within gp41-tryptophan clasp 534 I, W, F, A, M, V S534V, S534A 47-48 CL: gp120/gp41 interface SM: fill cavity and add hydrophobic interactions at the gp120- gp41 interactive surface 544 F, Y, W L544Y  32 CL: gp41 tip of α6 SM: stabilize gp120/gp41 interface

The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain included in the trimer can include any one of the cavity filling substitution at one of the HIV-1 Env positions listed in Table 8. The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can also include a combination of two or more (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8) of the cavity filling substitutions provided in Table 8 to stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

Additional Substitutions

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include one or more amino acid substitutions that destabilize the CD4-bound open conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer (and thereby prevent transition of the trimer from the prefusion closed conformation to the CD4-bound open conformation).

For example, in some embodiments the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include an amino acid substitution that introduces a proline residue in the β21 sheet (e.g., positions 430-435), such as a proline substitution at position 432 or 433.

Exemplary HIV-1 Env positions for introducing an amino acid substitutions that destabilizes the CD4-bound open conformation of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer are provided in Table 7, as are corresponding amino acid substitutions with reference to the BG505 strain, and an exemplary sequence including the indicated substitution.

TABLE 7 Destabilization of CD4-induced- and stabilization of prefusion mature conformations Exem- Substi- Exem- plary tution plary substi- compared SEQ tution to BG505 ID NO 112I W112I Stabilize V1V2 116 112M W112M Stabilize V1V2 117 120T V120T Stabilize V1V2 149 122K L122K Stabilize V1V2 150 120P V120P Stabilize V1V2 148 202P T202P Stabilize V1V2 147 427I W427I Stabilize prefusion closed conformation 118 427M W427M Stabilize prefusion closed conformation 119 429N R429N Stabilize prefusion closed conformation 120 429L R429L Stabilize prefusion closed conformation 116 432P Q432P Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 7, 775 432E Q432E Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 42 432D Q432D Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 43 433P A433P Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 6, 774 434P 434P Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 44 435P 435P Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 45 436P 436P Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 46 437A P437A Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 47 438A P438A Destabilizes CD4-bound conformation 48 474A D474A Stabilize prefusion closed conformation 118 476A R476A Stabilize prefusion closed conformation 124

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8) of the amino acid substitutions as listed in Table 7 to destabilize the CD4-induced conformation of the HIV-1 ectodomain trimer (and thereby stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation). Additionally, any of the substitutions shown in Table 7 can be combined with the other stabilizing substitutions described herein to stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes one or more amino acid substitutions that destabilize the formation of the α0 helix. As described in Example 1, the α0 helix (˜residues 64-74) is present in the CD4-bound open conformation, but not the prefusion mature closed conformation, of trimeric HIV-1 Env. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a proline amino acid substitution at position 66 or 67, or both positions 66 and 67 (such as a H66P and/or N67P substitution) that disrupts formation of the α0 helix in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer. Exemplary sequences including these mutations are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 102-104.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a non-natural disulfide bond between a pair of cysteine substitutions at one of positions 57-58 and position 77, or between position 66 or 68 and one of positions 207-209, wherein the non-natural disulfide bond destabilizes or disrupts formation of the α0 helix in the recombinant HIV-1 ectodomain. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a non-natural disulfide bond between a pair of cysteine substitutions at one or more of the following sets positions: 55 and 77, 57 and 77, 58 and 77, 66 and 207, 66 and 208, 66 and 209, 68 and 209, and 68 and 208, wherein the non-natural disulfide bond disrupts formation of the α0 helix in the recombinant HIV-1 ectodomain. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include one or more of the following sets of amino acid substitutions: A55C and T77C, D57C and T77C, A58C and T77C, V66C and K207C, V66C and S209C, V68C and S209C, and V68C and V208C. Exemplary sequences including these mutations are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 87, 98-101, and 683.

In more embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a proline amino acid substitution at position 66 or 67, or both positions 66 and 67 (such as a H66P and/or N66P substitutions), and further include a pair of cysteine substitutions at positions 57 and 77, 58 and 77, 68 and 208, or 68 and 209, the combination of which disrupts formation of the α0 helix in the recombinant HIV-1 ectodomain. For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include one of the following sets of amino acid substitutions: D57C/T77C, H66P, N67P; A58C/T77C, H66P, N67P; V68C/S209C, H66P, N67P; V68C/V208C, H66P, N67P; or V68C/S209C, H66P, N67P. Exemplary HIV-1 Env ectodomain sequences including these mutations are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 105-108 and 109.

Stabilizing Gp41

In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include one or more disulfide bonds that stabilize gp41 in the mature closed prefusion conformation. Exemplary mutations include those that can form a non-natural gp120-gp41 disulfide bond or a non-natural gp41-gp41 disulfide bond. Exemplary HIV-1 Env positions that can be mutated to cysteine to form such stabilizing disulfide bonds, as well as exemplary mutations (in the context of the BG505 strain), and sequences including the indicated mutations are provided in Table 9, below.

TABLE 9 Non-natural gp120-gp41 and gp41 disulfide bonds Intra- or Exemplary Env Exemplary Inter- Exemplary positions Substitutions protomer? Comment SEQ ID NO gp120-gp41 disulfide bonds 41 and 540 G41C/Q540C Intra Stabilize α6/Prevent HR1 formation 14 41 and 541 G41C/A541C Intra Stabilize α6/Prevent HR1 formation 199, 200, 201 43 and 526 P43C/A526C Intra Stabilize α6/Prevent HR1 formation 15 51 and 574 T51C/K574C Intra Stabilize α7/Prevent HR1 formation 151 53 and 574 F53C/K574C Intra Stabilize α7/Prevent HR1 formation 152 51 and 578 T51C/A578C Intra Stabilize α7/Prevent HR1 formation 153  43and 540 P43C/Q540C Intra Stabilize α6/Prevent HR1 formation 18 88 and 527 N88C/G527C Intra Stabilize fusion peptide 17 107 and 574  D107C/K574C Intra Stabilize α7/Prevent HR1 formation 166 220 and 578  P220C/A578C Intra Stabilize α7/Prevent HR1 formation 10 221 and 582  A221C/A582C Intra Stabilize α7/Prevent HR1 formation 11, 16 428 and 560  Q428C/E560C Inter Stabilize α6/α7 linker/Prevent HR1 163 formation 428 and 561  Q428C/A561C Inter Stabilize α6/α7 linker/Prevent HR1 164 formation 428 and 562  Q428C/Q562C Inter Stabilize α6/α7 linker/Prevent HR1 165 formation 498 and 610  498C/W610C Intra Prevent HR1/2 formation 13 36 and 606 V36C/T606C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 647 37 and 606 T37C/T606C Intra] Prevent HR1 formation 648 41 and 537 G41C/L537C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 734 41 and 541 G41C/A541C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 736 43 and 526 P43C/A526C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 737 73 and 572 A73C/G572C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 738 84 and 521 I84C/G521C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 739 89 and 527 V89C/G527C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 740 73 and 572 A73C/G572C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 741 84 and 521 I84C/G521C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 742 89 and 527 V89C/G527C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 743 gp41 disulfide bonds 550 and 575  Q550C/Q579C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 167, 169 551 and 575  Q551C/Q575C Intra Prevent HR1 formation 168

Any one or more of the pairs of cysteine substitutions listed in Table 9 can be included on a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain to generate a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation. Further, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include any one or more of the pairs of cysteine substitutions listed in Table 9 in combination with any of the other stabilizing mutations disclosed herein to generate a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain that can form a trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

Additionally, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include the SOS (501C and 605C), IP (559P), and/or SOSIP (501C, 605C, 559P) substitutions in combination with any of the stabilizing mutations disclosed herein to generate a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain that can form a trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

Exemplary Combinations

In several embodiments, any two or more of the HIV-1 Env mutations disclosed herein can combined to generate the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain that can form a trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a non-natural disulfide bond that stabilizes the protein in a PGT122-bound conformation (e.g., with a V1V2 domain in a mature closed conformation; such as a non-natural disulfide bond between one or more of positions 201 and 433) and further include one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 in a mature closed conformation (e.g., with distinct α6 and α7 helices; such as substitutions listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions or a SOS, IP, SOSIP substitution). In further embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a non-natural disulfide bond that stabilizes the protein in a PGT122-bound conformation (e.g., with a V1V2 domain in a mature closed conformation; such as a non-natural disulfide bond between one or more of positions 201 and 433) and includes one or more mutations that destabilize the CD4 binding domain, such as a substitution at position 473, and/or includes a cavity filling substitution, and further includes one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 in a mature closed conformation (e.g., with distinct α6 and α7 helices; such as substitutions listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions or a SOS, IP, SOSIP substitution).

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a pair of cysteine substitutions at one of positions 198-202 and one of positions 428-437 that form a non-natural disulfide bond, and further includes one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 as described above (e.g., as listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions), and/or can further include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations. In a non-limiting embodiment, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes 201C, 433C, 501C, 605C, and 559P substitutions (such as I201C, A433C, A501C, T605C, and I559P substitutions).

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a pair of cysteine substitutions at one of positions 174 and 319, 195 and 433, 199 and 433, 199 and 431, 201 and 433, 221 and 582, or 304 and 440, that form a non-natural disulfide bond, and further includes one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 as described above (e.g., as listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions), and/or can further include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations. In a non-limiting embodiment, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes 201C, 433C, 501C, 605C, and 559P substitutions (such as I201C, A433C, A501C, T605C, and I559P substitutions). In some such embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can further includes a tryptophan substitution at position 223, or a proline substitution at position 432 or 433.

In more embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes two pairs of cysteine substitutions at one of positions (i) 195 and 433, and 304 and 440; (ii) 195 and 433, and 174 and 319; (iii) 199 and 433, and 304 and 440; (iv) 199 and 433, and 174 and 319; (v) 201 and 433, and 304 and 440; (vi) 201 and 433, and 174 and 319; that form two non-natural disulfide bonds, and can further includes one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 as described above (e.g., as listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions), and/or can further include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations. In a non-limiting embodiment, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes 201C, 433C, 501C, 605C, and 559P substitutions (such as I201C, A433C, A501C, T605C, and I559P substitutions). In some such embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can further includes a tryptophan substitution at position 223, or a proline substitution at position 432 or 433. Exemplary immunogens include those with a BG505gp140.6R.SOSIP.664 background sequence further including I201C/A433C and R304C/Q440C substitutions; S199C/A433C and R304C/Q440C substitutions; I201C/A433C and V120C/Q315C substitutions; G473P and V120C/Q315C substitutions; G473Y and V120C/Q315C substitutions; G473P and R304C/Q440C substitutions; G473Y and R304C/Q440C substitutions; N425C/A433C and V120C/Q315C substitutions; and I201C/A433C and V120C/Q315C substitutions.

In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a combination of two or more non-natural disulfide bonds between pairs of cysteine substitutions as described above that (e.g., as listed in Table 6). Non-limiting examples of combinations of two or more non-natural disulfide bonds between pairs of cysteine substitutions are provided in Table 10. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include one or more pairs of cysteine substitutions as described above that form a non-natural disulfide bond (e.g., as listed in Table 6), or a combination of pairs of cysteine substitutions as listed in Table 10, and further includes one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 as described above (e.g., as listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions), and/or can further include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations.

TABLE 10 Exemplary combinations of cysteine substitutions to generate non-natural disulfide bonds Exemplary Positions Exemplary substitutions SEQ ID NO 200C/313C, 51C/574C A200C/P313C, T51C/K574C 151 200C/313C, 53C/574C A200C/P313C, F53C/K574C 152 200C/313C, 51C/578C A200C/P313C, T51C/A578C 153 128C/165C, 200C/313C, T128C/L165C, A200C/P313C, 154 51C/574C T51C/K574C 128C/165C, 200C/313C, T128C/L165C, A200C/P313C, 155 53C/574C F53C/K574C 128C/165C, 200C/313C, T128C/L165C, A200C/P313C, 156 51C/578C T51C/A578C

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a non-natural disulfide bond that stabilizes the protein in a PGT122-bound conformation (e.g., with a V1V2 domain in a mature closed conformation; such as a non-natural disulfide bond between one or more of positions 128 and 167, 174 and 318, 175 and 319, 204 and 434, 204 and 436, or 318 and 437) and further includes one or more mutations that destabilize the CD4 binding domain, such as a substitution at position 473 (such as a G473A substitution). For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include one of the following sets of amino acid substitutions: T128C/T167C and G473A, S174C/A318C and G473A, L175C/A319C and G473A, A204C/M434C and G473A, A204C/A436C and G473A, or Y318C/P437C and G473A. In additional such embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can further include one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 as described above (e.g., as listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions), and/or can further include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations. Exemplary gp140 sequences including such substitutions are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 72.

In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a cavity filling substitution as described above, and further includes an amino acid substitution that destabilizes the CD4-induced conformation of HIV-1 Env, such as a A433P substitution. In additional such embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can further include one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 as described above (e.g., as listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions), and/or can further include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations. In a non-limiting embodiment, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes 433P, 501C, 605C, and 559P substitutions (such as A433P, A501C, T605C, and I559P substitutions).

In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a combination of two or more of the stabilizing substitutions described herein. For example, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include 429L and 427M (e.g., R429L and W427M substitutions), 437A and 438A (e.g., P437A and P438A substitutions), or 474A and 476A (e.g., D474A and R476A substitutions). In additional such embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can further include one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 as described above (e.g., as listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions), and/or can further include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations. Exemplary sequences including these substitutions include those provided as SEQ ID NOs: 49, 115, and 122.

Additionally, any of the above cavity filling substitutions can be combined with the other stabilizing substitutions described herein to stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation. For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a cavity filling substitution as described above, such as at one or more of gp120 positions 50, 110, 114, 117, 117, 120, 121, 121, 123, 159, 220, 426, 220, 429, and further includes substitutions to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond, such as I201C/A433C substitutions. In some non-limiting embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a non-natural disulfide bond between I201C and A433C substitutions and further includes one of a T50W, S110W, Q114W, K117W, K117E, V120W, K121W, K121E, T123W, F159Y, M426W, P220W, or R429W cavity filling amino acid substitution. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a cavity filling substitution at position 193 (e.g., L193F), and further includes substitutions to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond between positions 195 and 423, such as N195C/I423C substitutions; an exemplary sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 688. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a cavity filling substitution at position 431 (e.g., G431F), and further includes substitutions to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond between positions 202 and 434, such as T202C/M434C substitutions; an exemplary sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 655. In some non-limiting embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes a non-natural disulfide bond between I201C and A433C substitutions and further includes one of a T50W, S110W, Q114W, K117W, K117E, V120W, K121W, K121E, T123W, F159Y, M426W, P220W, or R429W cavity filling amino acid substitution. In additional such embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can further include one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize gp41 as described above (e.g., as listed in Table 9, such as 41C/540C substitutions), and/or can further include the SOS, IP, SOSIP mutations. Exemplary recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain sequences including such substitutions are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 120, 183-194.

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a combination of substitutions as set forth in Table 11, that include at least one cavity filling substitution.

TABLE 11 Exemplarity cavity-filling amino acid substitutions Exemplary Exemplary Exemplary Position substitutions Substitutions SEQ ID NO Cavity Location (CL) and stabilizing mechanism (SM) 120, 203 201: V120W, Q203V 129 CL: Under V1V2 cap at N-term of β2 F, W, Y, L, I, M; SM: stabilize prefusion cap/prevent bridging sheet formation, 203: β2 extends in CD4-bound state, this stabilizes small F, W, Y, L, I, M, V hydrophobic pocket in ground state  39, 534 39: W, M, I, F Y39F, S534V; 47-48 CL: gp120/gp41 interface 534: I, W, F, A, M, Y39W, S534A SM: fill cavity and add hydrophobic interactions at the gp120- V gp41 interactive surface 39, 534 + 39: W, M, I, F; Y39F, S534V, 49 CL: gp120/gp41 interface T37V, 534: I, W, F, A, M, T37V, T499V SM: fill cavity and add hydrophobic interactions at the gp120- T499V V gp41 interactive surface 39, 534 + 39: W, M, I, F; Y39F, Y40F, 50 CL: gp120/gp41 interface Y40F, 534: I, W, F, A, M, S534V, T37V, SM: fill cavity and add hydrophobic interactions at the gp120- T37V, V T499V gp41 interactive surface T499V  53, 246 246: F, W, Y, L, I, F53W, Q246W 197 CL: gp120-gp41 interface, N-term of β2, middle of β8 M, V SM: Fill a cavity between gp120 and gp41 to stabilize gp41 disordered region and gp120/gp41 interaction   68, 209, 68: F, W, Y, L, I, M V68L, S209R 196 CL: Loop between α1 and β0 and loop between β3 and β4 SM: Fill cavities that are otherwise filled by CD4 induced α0 formation 125, F, W, Y, L, I, M, V L125W_deltaP124 131 CL: Cavity between N-term of V1V2 domain and V3 near delP124 residue 127 and 126-196 disulfide of V1V2 SM: Removal of ground state destabilization/flexibility cavity filling/proline removal 139, 326 139: F. M, I, Y, T139W, I326R 45 CL: at the interface of V1V2 and V3 loops T; SM: Stabilize interactions between V1V2 and V3 loops in the 326: M, W, F, mature closed state Y, R 151, 153, 153: F, W, Y, L, I, R151E, E153W, 132 CL: V1 loop at position 153 328 M, V; Q328W SM: Adding hydrophobic patch at V1 loop to V3 loop 328: F, W, Y, L, I, M, V 177, 323 323: F, Y, W Y177W, I332F 198 CL: C-term of beta C, C-term of beta V3B, SM: Fills cavity between V3 and gp120 core to stabilize closed V1V2 cap 180, 421, 421: F, W, Y; 180: D180L, K421W 123 CL: V1V2 interaction near residue 180 with V3 and base of L, V, I, M β21 SM: This will stabilize v1v2 to v3 along with destabilizing β21 from adopting CD4-bound-conformation 201, 423 F, Y, L, M, V I201W, I423W 173 CL: parallel β # SM: prevent bridging sheet formation 223, 544 223: Y, W F223W, L544Y 32 CL: gp41 tip of α6 544: F, Y, W SM: stabilize gp120/gp41 interface L125, 195  W L125W, I195W 701 CL: V1V2-V3 interface near 126-196 disulfide bond 176, 323 176: Y, W; 323: F176W/I323Y 730 CL: gp120 V1/V2/V3, stabilize V1/V2/V3 F, Y, W 176, 154 176: Y, W; 154: F176W/L154W 731 CL: gp120 V1/V2, stabilize V1/V2/V3 F, Y, W 159, 154 159: Y, W; 154: F159Y/L154W 732 CL: gp120 V1/V2, stabilize V1/V2/V3 F, Y, W I251, 260  F I251F/L260F 658 CL: Engineering hydrophobic core between gp120 V2/V3 with double F substitution to stabilize V1/V2/V3

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises gp120-gp41 protomers comprising the SOSIP and 201C/433C substitutions and further comprising a cavity filling substitution (such as a Y, F, or M substitution) at any one of positions: 70; 75; 110; 111; 112; 115; 117; 118; 120; 153; 154; 159; 164; 172; 175; 176; 179; 191; 193; 194; 198; 202; 204; 208; 223; 304; 307; 309; 315; 316; 323; 423; 427; 430; 432; 432; 436; 544; 580; 583; 159 and 323; 44 and 537; 544 and 223; 544, 537, and 223; 580 and 583; 125 and 194; 134, 175, 322, and 326; 134, 322, and 326; 134, 136, 150, and 326; 154, 300, 302, and 320; 120, 203, and 318; 120 and 315; 177 and 420; 177, 328, and 420; 116, 426, and 432; 426 and 432; 134, 175, 322, 326, 136, and 150; 120, 203, 318, and 315; 154, 300, 302, 320, 177, and 420; or 139, 140, 324, and 325.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises gp120-gp41 protomers comprising the SOSIP and 201C/433C substitutions and further comprising a substitution to destabilize the CD4-induced conformation, such as a F210A; F210S; Q432P; R429N; R429L; R429L and W427M; T202P; or V120T substitution

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises gp120-gp41 protomers comprising the SOSIP and 201C/433C substitutions and further comprising cysteine substitutions to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond, such as T538C and Q652C; R304C and Q440C; G431GC and S199C; A58C and T77C; D57C and T77C

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises gp120-gp41 protomers comprising the SOSIP and 201C/433C substitutions and further comprising substitutions to disrupt formation of helix 0, such as W69P; V68P; T71P; N67P; H66P; or N67P and H66P

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises gp120-gp41 protomers comprising the SOSIP and 201C/433C substitutions and further comprising substitutions to destabilize the gp41 helix bundle, such as I573T; G594N; I573T and G594N; I573T and G594N and K574E; I573T, G594N, and K574T.

N-Linked Glycosylation Sites

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can includes one or more N-linked glycosylation sites introduced onto the membrane proximal portion of the trimer to mask non-neutralizing epitopes present on this portion of the trimer. Such mutations are typically utilized in soluble embodiments of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer. To create an N-linked glycosylation site, the sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr (where X is any amino acid except Pro) can to be introduced. This can be accomplished by substitution of a Ser/Thr amino acid two residues C-terminal to a native Asn residue, or by substitution of an Asn amino acid two residues N-terminal to a native Ser/Thr residue, or by substitution of both an Asn and Ser/Thr residue separated by one non-proline amino acid. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises one or more amino acid substitutions that introduce an N-linked glycosylation site at the N-terminus of the gp120 polypeptide, the C-terminus of the gp120 polypeptide, and/or the C-terminus of the gp41 polypeptide. Exemplary amino acid substitutions for introducing one or more such N-linked glycosylation sites are provided under code D of the Table in Table 13, and are provided in Table 12, below:

TABLE 12 Exemplary N-linked glycan mutants to mask non-neutralizing epitopes. Glycan Exemplary Exemplary position substitutions SEQ ID NO 504 504N/506T 453 661 661N/663T 454 504 and 661 504N/506T, 661N/663T 455 502 K502N/R504T 456 658 Q658N/L660T 457  33 W35T 458  35 W35N 459  35 and 504 W35N, R504N/V506T 460  33 and 661 W35T, L661N/L663T 461 502 and 661 K502N/R504T, L661N/L663T 462

Antibody Stabilization

In additional embodiments, the disclosed immunogens can include a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer covalently linked (e.g., by a non-natural disulfide bond) to one or more neutralizing antibodies, such as the VRC01, PGT122, or 35O22 antibodies. Linkage to the neutralizing antibody can increase the stability of the immunogen in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

35O22

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a cysteine substitution that can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine residue in the heavy or light chain variable region of the 35O22 monoclonal antibody. For example, in some embodiments, the HIV-1 ectodomain includes a cysteine substitution at position 90, which can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine at position 80 (kabat numbering) of the 35O22 heavy chain variable region. In some embodiments, the HIV-1 ectodomain includes a cysteine substitution at position 238, which can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine at position 77 (kabat numbering) of the 35O22 heavy chain variable region. In some embodiments, the HIV-1 ectodomain includes a cysteine substitution at position 529, which can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine at position 111 (kabat numbering) of the 35O22 heavy chain variable region. In some embodiments, the HIV-1 ectodomain includes a cysteine substitution at position 624, which can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine at position 109 or 112 (kabat numbering) of the 35O22 heavy chain variable region. In some embodiments, the HIV-1 ectodomain includes a cysteine substitution at position 625, which can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine at position 109 (kabat numbering) of the 35O22 heavy chain variable region. Exemplary sequences for use in such embodiments are provided under code C of the Table in Table 13. For example, exemplary recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain sequences including such cysteine substitutions are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 401-405, and 411. Additionally, exemplary 35O22 heavy chain variable region sequences for use in such embodiments are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 406-410.

VRC01

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a cysteine substitution that can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine residue in the heavy or light chain variable region of the VRC01 monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a cysteine substitution at position 449 (e.g., a G459C substitution, HXB2 numbering) that can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a heavy chain variable region of a VRC01 monoclonal antibody comprising a cysteine substitution at heavy chain position 60 or 61 (kabat numbering). Exemplary sequences for use in such embodiments are provided under code C of the Table in Table 13. For example, exemplary recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain sequences including a position 459 cysteine substitution are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 412-436. Exemplary VRC01 heavy and light chain sequences for use in such embodiments (e.g., including heavy chain variable region with a cysteine substitution at position 60 or 61) are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 437-448.

PGT122

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a cysteine substitution that can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine residue in the heavy or light chain variable region of the PGT122 monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer includes a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a cysteine substitution at position β23 (e.g., a 1323C substitution, HXB2 numbering) that can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a heavy chain variable region of a PGT122 monoclonal antibody comprising a cysteine substitution at heavy chain position 29 or 67 (kabat numbering). Exemplary sequences for use in such embodiments are provided under code C of the Table in Table 13. For example, exemplary recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain sequences including a position β23 cysteine substitution are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 449-450. Exemplary VRC01 heavy and light chain sequences for use in such embodiments (e.g., including heavy chain variable region with a cysteine substitution at position 29 or 67) are set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 451-452.

Chimeric Env Ectodomains

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation can include sequences from multiple strains of HIV-1. For example, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a gp120 sequence from a first HIV-1 strain and a gp41 sequence from a heterologous HIV-1 strain, or a particular structural domain (such as the V1V2 domain) from a HIV-1 strain of interest (such as CAP256.SU, a BB201.B42, a KER2018.11, a CH070.1, a ZM233.6, a Q23.17, a A244, a T250-4, or a WITO.33) with the remainder of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain from a heterologous HIV-1 strain (such as BG505). The chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain can further include any of the amino acid substitutions described herein, for example the 201C/433C, SOSIP, and DS substitutions for stabilization in the prefusion mature closed conformation. In the context of inducing an immune response in a subject that can control infection across multiple HIV-1 strains, the use of immunogens based on diverse HIV-1 strains can overcome the intrinsic sequence diversity of HIV-1 Env. Exemplary sequences of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains linked to a nanoparticle subunit are provided under code H in Table 13 included in Example 15.

Exemplary sequences of chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers that include the V1V2 domain sequence (positions 126-196) of the CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33 strains of HIV-1, with the remainder including BG505.SOSIP.DS.368R sequence, are provided as follows: Q23.17 V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2126), ZM233.6 V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2125), WITO.33 V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2128), A244 V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2127), BB201.B42 V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2122), KER2018.11 V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2123), CH070.1 V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2124), CAP256.SU V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2121), and T-250-4 V1V2 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2129).

Platform

As described in the Examples, prefusion mature gp41 wraps its hydrophobic core around extended N- and C-termini-strands of gp120 (see FIGS. 11 and 38). Accordingly, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can include a membrane proximal “platform” including the N- and C-terminal regions of gp120, and the gp41 ectodomain, from a first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505), and the remainder of gp120 from one or more heterologous HIV-1 strains. This chimeric design allows for production of heterogeneous HIV-1 Env proteins that comprise membrane distal features of interest (such as the V1V2 domain, V3 domain, and CD4 binding site).

In some embodiments, the recombinant Env ectodomain includes N- and C-terminal regions of gp120 as well as the gp41 ectodomain from a first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505, for example, with SOSIP substitutions), and the remainder of gp120 from a heterologous HIV-1 strain. In some embodiments, the heterologous HIV-1 strain can be a subtype A (such as BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2), subtype B (such as AC10.29), subtype C (such as 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, CNE58, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9), subtype CRF AC (such as 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1), subtype CFR AE (such as 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8) and subtype CRF BC (such as CH038.12, CH117.4) strain of HIV-1.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a gp41 ectodomain, an N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide comprising a β-4 strand and a C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide comprising a β26 strand from a first strain of HIV-1 (such as BG505), and all or a portion of the remaining residues of the gp120 polypeptide are from one or more heterologous HIV-1 strains. The heterologous strain can be, for example, one of CAP256.SU (SEQ ID NO: 51), a BB201.B42 (SEQ ID NO: 81), a KER2018.11 (SEQ ID NO: 107), a CH070.1 (SEQ ID NO: 174), a ZM233.6 (SEQ ID NO: 745), a Q23.17 (SEQ ID NO: 746), a A244 (SEQ ID NO: 747), a T250-4 (SEQ ID NO: 2114), a WITO.33 (SEQ ID NO: 748), a 426c (with N276D, N460D, N463D, SEQ ID NO: 2144, a d45-01dG5 (2145), or a JRFL (SEQ ID NO: 2115) strain of HIV-1. In additional embodiments, the N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide can further include the β-3 strand from the first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505). In more embodiments the C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide can further include the β25 strand or the β25 strand and all or a portion of the α5 helix from the first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505). In more embodiments, the N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide can include from 5 to 30 (such as 10, 30, 5-20, 5-25, 5-15, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 15-25, or 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) amino acids and/or the C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide can include from 5-40 (such as 10-40, 5-30, 5-25, 5-20, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 10-30, 20-40, or 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35) amino acids, from the N- or C-terminus of the gp120 polypeptide, respectively, from the first strain of HIV-1 (such as BG505). Any of the stabilizing amino acid substitutions (such as the SOSIP substitutions, and/or the 201C/433C substitutions) can be included in the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain.

In some embodiments, the recombinant Env ectodomain can include gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues (e.g., 512-664) from the first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505), and the remainder of the gp120 residues in the Env protein can be from a heterologous HIV-1 strain. For example, the recombinant Env ectodomain can include gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues (e.g., 512-664) from the BG505 strain with SOSIP substitution (e.g., as set forth as SEQ ID NO: 3), and the remaining gp120 residues in the Env ectodomain can be from any one of the CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, WITO.33, JRFL, 426c (with N276D, N460D, N463D), d45-01dG5, BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2, 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9, 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1, 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8, AC10.29, CH038.12, CNE58, or CH117.4 strains of HIV-1. Any of the stabilizing amino acid substitutions (such as the SOSIP substitutions, and/or the 201C/433C substitutions) can be included in the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain. Non-limiting examples of sequences of such chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains (that may also include one or more amino acid substitutions, such as 201C/433C and SOSIP substitutions to stabilize the HIV-1 ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation) are provided herein as SEQ ID NOs: 379-386, 387, 764-772, and 856-1036. Thus, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein includes an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 379-386, 387, 764-772, and 856-1036, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 379-386, 387, 764-772, and 856-1036. In a preferred embodiment, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein includes an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 856, 872, 881, 888, 902, 908, 917, 924, 930, 933, 937, 938, 940, 953, 956, 962, 964, 978, 871, 973, 990, 1010, 1025, 1034, or 1098, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 856, 872, 881, 888, 902, 908, 917, 924, 930, 933, 937, 938, 940, 953, 956, 962, 964, 978, 871, 973, 990, 1010, 1025, 1034, or 1098.

Interface Residues

In more embodiments, the gp120 portion of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain (from the heterologous HIV-1 strain) can further include one or more substitutions at the gp120-gp41 interface that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain. In some embodiments, such substitutions can enhance the stabilization of the HIV-1 ectodomain in the prefusion mature conformation by maintaining native BG505 interaction between the membrane proximal “platform” and the core gp120. In some embodiments, the substitutions at the gp120-gp41 interface that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain can include substitutions at gp120 positions 46-54, 70-75, 84-89, 99, 102, 106, 107, 114, 215, 220-224, 226, 244, 471-473, and 476-477 (referred to herein as “Interface Residue Set A”). In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues (e.g., 512-664), from a first HIV-1 strain (such as the BG505 strain), and includes gp120 residues 46-477 from a heterologous strain of HIV-1 (such as the CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, WITO.33, JRFL, 426c (with N276D, N460D, N463D), d45-01dG5, BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2, 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9, 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1, 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8, AC10.29, CH038.12, CNE58, or CH117.4 strain of HIV-1), and further includes substitutions in the gp120 residues from the heterologous strain that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain at the Interface Residue Set A positions of gp120. Non-limiting examples of sequences of such chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains (that may also include one or more amino acid substitutions, such as 201C/433C and SOSIP substitutions to stabilize the HIV-1 ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation) are provided herein as SEQ ID NOs: 579-586, 588-595, and 1036-1056. Thus, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein includes an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 579-586, 588-595, and 1036-1056, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 579-586, 588-595, and 1036-1056.

Additional Description of Chimeric Domains

In some embodiments, the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain can further include additional structural domains or elements from the first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505) in place of those of the heterologous strain, for example, strand C of the V1V2 domain (such as gp120 positions 166-173), a V3 domain (such as gp120 positions 296-331), a V2 loop (such as gp120 positions 154-205), a V1 loop (such as gp120 positions 119-153), positions 191-205. In some embodiments, the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include from the first HIV-1 strain (such as BG505): a V2 loop and a V3 loop; a Strand C of the V1V2 domain and a V3 domain; positions 191-205 and a Strand C of the V1V2 domain; a V1 loop and a V3 domain; a V1 loop, a Strand C of the V1V2 domain, and a V3 domain; a V1 loop, a V2 loop, and a V3 domain; or a V1V2 domain. Exemplary sequences concerning such chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 1727-1764.

Chimeras of Three Strains

In additional embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can be a chimera having unique antigenic characteristics that provide for binding to mature and unmutated common ancestor (UCA) forms of multiple classes of broadly neutralizing antibodies (e.g., targeting the CD4 binding site and the V1V2 domain). Such recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers are of particular interest for use as a “prime” immunogen in a prime-boost immunization protocol for eliciting an immune response to HIV-1 Env.

For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can be a chimera comprising amino acid sequences from three HIV-1 strains, including a membrane proximal “platform” from a first strain, a V1V2 domain from a second strain, and the remainder from a heterologous strain. In a non-limiting example, the V1V2 domain can be from an Env protein (such as one of CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33) that binds to a UCA form of a broadly neutralizing antibody (e.g., VRC26 or PGT145), such as described in Example 13. The remainder sequences of the chimera can also be from an Env protein that binds to a UCA form of a broadly neutralizing antibody (such as 45_01dG5 or 426c with amino acid substitutions to remove N-linked glycan sequons at positions 276, 460, 463), such as a UCA form or a VRC01-class antibody, for example VRC01 gHgL as described in Example 13. The sequences of the first, second, and heterologous strains are further modified to include the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation (such as SOS, IP, and DS substitutions), and can also include additional substitutions as needed, for example, substitutions to increase protease cleavage (such as the R6 substitution), or to increase or decrease the desired number of glycans (such as addition of glycan sequons at positions 504 and 661, and/or at position 332).

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer can be a chimera comprising amino acid sequences from three HIV-1 strains, wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes (1) a gp41 ectodomain (such as positions 512-664), an N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide comprising a 3-4 strand, and a C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide comprising a β26 strand, from a first strain of HIV-1 (such as BG505), (2) a V1V2 domain (such as gp120 positions 126-196) of the gp120 polypeptide from a second strain of HIV-1 (such as one of CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33; and (3) the remaining sequence of the gp120 polypeptide from a heterologous strain of HIV-1 (such as 45_01dG5 or 426c with amino acid substitutions to remove N-linked glycan sequons at positions 276, 460, 463). In some such embodiments, the N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide can further comprises a β-3 strand from the first HIV-1 strain; and the C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide further comprises a β25 strand or a β25 strand and a α5 helix from the first HIV-1 strain. In additional embodiments, the N- and C-terminal regions of the gp120 polypeptide comprise gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-508, respectively. the gp120 polypeptide can further comprises positions 46-54, 70-75, 84-89, 99, 102, 106, 107, 114, 215, 220-224, 226, 244, 471-473, and 476-477 from the first HIV-1 strain. The sequences of the first, second, and heterologous strains are further modified to comprise the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

In some embodiments, the second and heterologous strains are respectively one of: CAP256.SU and 426c; BB201.B42 and 426c; KER2018.11 and 426c; CH070.1 and 426c; ZM233.6 and 426c; Q23.17 and 426c; A244 and 426c; T250-4 and 426c; WITO.33 and 426c; CAP256.SU and 45_01dG5; BB201.B42 and 45_01dG5; KER2018.11 and 45_01dG5; CH070.1 and 45_01dG5; ZM233.6 and 45_01dG5; Q23.17 and 45_01dG5; A244 and 45_01dG5; T250-4 and 45_01dG5; or WITO.33 and 45_01dG5; and wherein the 426c strain further comprises amino acid substitutions to remove the N-linked glycan sequons at positions 276, 460, 463. The sequences of the first, second, and heterologous strains are further modified to include the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation (such as SOS, IP, and DS substitutions), and can also include additional substitutions as needed,

In some embodiments, the second HIV-1 strain (providing the V1V2 domain) can be one of BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2, 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9, 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1, 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8, AC10.29, CH038.12, CNE58, CH117.4, CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, WITO.33, or JRFL. For example, the second HIV-1 strain can be one of CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, WITO.33, and JRFL.

Non-limiting examples of sequences of such chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains (that may also include one or more amino acid substitutions, such as 201C/433C and SOSIP substitutions to stabilize the HIV-1 ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation) are provided herein as SEQ ID NOs: 2146-2159. Thus, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein includes an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, or 2159, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, or 2159.

Residue Set B

In more embodiments, the gp120 portion of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain (from the heterologous HIV-1 strain) can include additional substitutions to alter the antigenicity of the ectodomain. In some embodiments, the substitutions at the gp120-gp41 interface that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain can include substitutions at gp120 positions 133-134, 164, 169, 308, and 316 (referred to herein as “Residue Set B”). In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues (e.g., 512-664), from a first HIV-1 strain (such as the BG505 strain with SOSIP substitutions set forth as SEQ ID NO: 3), and includes gp120 residues 46-477 from a heterologous strain of HIV-1 (such as the CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, WITO.33, BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2, 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, CNE58, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9, 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1, 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8, AC10.29, CH038.12, or CH117.4 strain of HIV-1), and further includes substitutions in the gp120 residues from the heterologous strain that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain at the Residue Set B positions of gp120. Non-limiting examples of sequences of such chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains (that may also include one or more amino acid substitutions, such as 201C/433C and SOSIP substitutions to stabilize the HIV-1 ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation) are provided herein as SEQ ID NOs: 1114-1142. Thus, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein includes an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1114-1142, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1114-1142.

Residue Set C

In more embodiments, the gp120 portion of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain (from the heterologous HIV-1 strain) can include additional substitutions to alter the antigenicity of the ectodomain. In some embodiments, the substitutions at the gp120-gp41 interface that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain can include substitutions at gp120 positions 49, 133-134, 149-152, 164, 169, 188, 190, 211, 223, 252, 281, 293, 308, 316, 336, 340, 352, 360, 362-363, 369, 372, 393, 410, 432, 442, 444, 446, 474, and 476 (referred to herein as “Residue Set C”). In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues (e.g., 512-664), from a first HIV-1 strain (such as the BG505 strain with SOSIP substitutions set forth as SEQ ID NO: 3), and includes gp120 residues 46-477 from a heterologous strain of HIV-1 (such as the CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, WITO.33, BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2, 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, CNE58, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9, 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1, 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8, AC10.29, CH038.12, or CH117.4 strain of HIV-1), and further includes substitutions in the gp120 residues from the heterologous strain that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain at the Residue Set C positions of gp120. Non-limiting examples of sequences of such chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains (that may also include one or more amino acid substitutions, such as 201C/433C and SOSIP substitutions to stabilize the HIV-1 ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation) are provided herein as SEQ ID NOs: 1143-1171. Thus, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein includes an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1143-1171, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1143-1171.

Residue Set D

In more embodiments, the gp120 portion of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain (from the heterologous HIV-1 strain) can include additional substitutions to alter the antigenicity of the ectodomain. In some embodiments, the substitutions at the gp120-gp41 interface that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain can include substitutions at gp120 positions of Residue Set C and also gp120 positions 46, 60, 62-63, 84-85, 87, 99, 102, 130, 132, 135, 153, 158, 160-161, 165-167, 171-173, 175, 177-178, 181, 184-185, 189, 202, 232, 234, 236, 240, 268-271, 275, 277, 287, 289, 292, 295, 297, 305, 315, 317, 319, 322, 328, 330, 332-335, 337, 339, 343-347, 350-351,357, 371, 375, 379, 387, 389, 394, 411, 412-413, 415, 424, 426, 429, 440, 460-461, 465, 475, and 477 (referred to herein as “Residue Set D”). In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain includes gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues (e.g., 512-664), from a first HIV-1 strain (such as the BG505 strain with SOSIP substitutions set forth as SEQ ID NO: 3), and includes gp120 residues 46-477 from a heterologous strain of HIV-1 (such as the CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, WITO.33, BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2, 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, CNE58, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9, 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1, 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8, AC10.29, CH038.12, or CH117.4 strain of HIV-1), and further includes substitutions in the gp120 residues from the heterologous strain that introduce residues from the first HIV-1 strain at the Residue Set C and Residue Set D positions of gp120. Non-limiting examples of sequences of such chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains (that may also include one or more amino acid substitutions, such as 201C/433C and SOSIP substitutions to stabilize the HIV-1 ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation) are provided herein as SEQ ID NOs: 1172-1200. Thus, in some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein includes an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1172-1200, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1172-1200.

Additional Substitutions

The chimeric recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can be mutated to include one or more of the disclosed amino acid substitutions to generate a chimeric recombinant HIV Env protein (or fragment thereof, such as a gp140 or gp145 protein) that is stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation. For example, in some non-limiting embodiments, cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433, and the SOSIP mutations, are made to a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a V1V2 domain from a CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33 strain of HIV-1 to generate the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain that can form a trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation. In some embodiments, the N-terminal residue of the transplanted V1V2 domain can include one of Env positions 120-130 and the C-terminal residue of the transplanted V1V2 domain can include one of Env positions 195-205. In one non-limiting example, the transplanted V1V2 domain includes HIV-1 Env positions 126-196. Exemplary sequences of HIV-1 ectodomains including a transplanted V1V2 domain are provided under code H of the Table in Table 13 and as SEQ ID NOs: 379-386, or 511-518.

Sequences from additional HIV-1 strains (such as a third, fourth or fifth strain) can be incorporated into the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain. For example, any of the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can be further modified to include all or portions of the V1V2 domain (such as strand C of the V1V2 domain, for example, HIV-1 Env positions 166-173) from a heterologous HIV-1 strain (such as CAP256 SU). In a non-limiting embodiment, SEQ ID NO: 382 (CNE58_SU-strandC_bg505-NCgp120+gp41.SOSIP) provided herein includes gp41 and gp120 N- and C-terminal regions (31-45 and 478-507, respectively) from BG505.SOSIP.664, with residues 166-173 (V1V2 strand C) from CAP256 SU, and the rest of gp120 from CNE58.

Any of the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers provided herein can comprise gp120-gp41 protomers that are single chain Env ectodomains, including a single polypeptide chain including the gp120 polypeptide linked to the gp41 ectodomain by a heterologous peptide linker.

In some embodiments, the gp120/gp41 protomers in the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain can comprise an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1580-1610, 1648-1650, 1657-1659, 1663-1673, 1676-2098, or an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical thereto.

In any of the disclosed embodiments that include a chimeric V1V2 domain, the V1V2 domain can comprise or consist of gp120 positions 126-196 (HXB2 numbering).

Single Chain HIV-1 Env Proteins

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain is a single chain HIV-1 Env protein, which includes a single polypeptide chain including the gp120 polypeptide and the gp41 ectodomain. Native HIV-1 Env sequences include a furin cleavage site at position 511 (e.g., REKR₅₁₁), which is cleaved by a cellular protease to generate the gp120 and gp41 polypeptides. The disclosed single chain proteins do not include the furin cleavage site separating the gp120 and gp41 polypeptides; therefore, when produced in cells, the Env polypeptide is not cleaved into separate gp120 and gp41 polypeptides.

Single chain HIV-1 proteins can be generated by mutating the furin cleavage site to prevent cleave and formation of separate gp120 and gp41 polypeptide chains. In several embodiments, the gp120 and gp41 polypeptides in the single chain HIV-1 Env protein are joined by a linker, such as a peptide linker. Examples of peptide linkers that can be used include glycine, serine, and glycine-serine linkers, such as a G, S, GG, GS, SG, GGG, or GSG linker or any of the linkers set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 519-542. In some embodiments, the peptide linker can comprise a 10 amino acid glycine-serine peptide linker, such as a peptide linker comprising the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 528 (GGSGGGGSGG). In some embodiments, the single chain HIV-1 protein can include a heterologous peptide linker between one of HIV-1 Env residues 507 and 512, 503 and 519, 504 and 519, 503 and 522, or 504 and 522. In some embodiments, the single chain HIV-1 protein can include a heterologous peptide linker between HIV-1 Env residues 507 and 512.

Any amino acid substitution or insertion can be used that effectively prevents furin (or other protease) cleavage of HIV-1 Env into separate gp120 and gp41 polypeptide chains, and also allows folding of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain into its prefusion mature closed conformation.

Any of the stabilizing mutations (or combinations thereof) disclosed herein can be included in the single chain HIV-1 Env protein as long as the single chain HIV-1 Env protein retains the HIV-1 Env prefusion mature closed conformation. For example, in some embodiments, the single chain HIV-1 Env protein can include cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433 that form a disulfide bond and one or more of the pairs of cysteine substitutions listed in Table 9, or the single chain HIV-1 Env protein can include cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433 that form a disulfide bond and further include the SOSIP mutations.

It will be appreciated that the single chain HIV-1 Env proteins can be incorporated into any embodiment disclosed herein in which the cleaved HIV-1 Env proteins can be used. For example, the single chain HIV-1 Env proteins can be linked to a protein nanoparticle subunit to generate a protein nanoparticle including the single chain Env protein, and can also be used in the context of a chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain including sequences from two or more different strains of HIV-1.

Exemplary single chain HIV-1 Env sequences are provided under code B of the Table in Table 13 and set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 210-408. Additional exemplary single chain chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain sequences are indicated as such in column 7 of the tables in Table 13, and also provides as SEQ ID NOs: 1078-1098, and 1643-1650.

Membrane Anchored Embodiments

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain is a membrane anchored protein, for example, the recombinant Env ectodomain can be linked to a transmembrane domain. The transmembrane domain can be linked to any portion of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain, as long as the presence of the transmembrane domain does not disrupt the structure of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain, or its ability to induce an immune response to HIV-1. In non-limiting examples, the transmembrane domain can be linked to the N- or C-terminal reside of a gp120 polypeptide, or the C-terminal residue of a gp41 ectodomain included in the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein. In some embodiments, the C-terminal residue of the gp41 ectodomain included in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can be linked to the transmembrane domain. One or more peptide linkers (such as a gly-ser linker, for example a 10 amino acid glycine-serine peptide linker, such as a peptide linker comprising the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 528 (GGSGGGGSGG)) can be used to link the transmembrane domain and the gp120 or gp41 protein. In some embodiments a native HIV-1 Env MPER sequence can be used to link the transmembrane domain and the gp120 or gp41 protein.

Non-limiting examples of transmembrane domains for use with the disclosed embodiments include the BG505 TM domain (KIFIMIVGGLIGLRIVFAVLSVIHRVR, SEQ ID NO: 758), the Influenza A Hemagglutinin™ domain (ILAIYSTVASSLVLLVSLGAISF, SEQ ID NO: 760, and the Influenza A Neuraminidase™ domain (IITIGSICMVVGIISLILQIGNIISIWVS, SEQ ID NO: 762). Nucleic acid sequences encoding these™ domains are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 759, 761, and 763, respectively.

The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain linked to the transmembrane domain can include any of the stabilizing mutations provided herein. For example, the transmembrane domain can be linked to the C-terminal residue of a gp41 ectodomain included in a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain including the DS substitutions (I201C/A433C), and/or can be linked to any of the disclosed chimeric recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains.

Exemplary sequences of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain (or a fragment thereof) linked to a transmembrane domain and including amino acid substitutions to stabilize the ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation are provided under code T of the Table in Table 13, and as SEQ ID NOs: 544-571, and 1765-2098.

Linkage to a Trimerization Domain

In several embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can be linked to a trimerization domain, for example the C-terminus of the gp41 protein included in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can be linked to the trimerization domain. The trimerization domain can promotes trimerization of the three protomers of the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein. Non-limiting examples of exogenous multimerization domains that promote stable trimers of soluble recombinant proteins include: the GCN4 leucine zipper (Harbury et al. 1993 Science 262:1401-1407), the trimerization motif from the lung surfactant protein (Hoppe et al. 1994 FEBS Lett 344:191-195), collagen (McAlinden et al. 2003 J Biol Chem 278:42200-42207), and the phage T4 fibritin Foldon (Miroshnikov et al. 1998 Protein Eng 11:329-414), any of which can be linked to the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain (e.g., by linkage to the C-terminus of the gp41 polypeptide to promote trimerization of the recombinant HIV-1 protein, as long as the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain retains specific binding activity for a mature closed conformation specific antibody, prefusion-specific antibody (e.g., PGT122), and/or includes a HIV-1 Env mature closed conformation.

In some examples, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can be linked to a Foldon domain, for example, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can include a gp41 polypeptide with a Foldon domain linked to its C-terminus. In specific examples, the Foldon domain is a T4 fibritin Foldon domain such as the amino acid sequence GYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTF (SEQ ID NO: 578), which adopts a β-propeller conformation, and can fold and trimerize in an autonomous way (Tao et al. 1997 Structure 5:789-798). Modified Foldon domains can also be used, such as a Foldon domain including an amino acid sequence set forth as GYIPEAPRDGQCYVRCDGEWVLLSTF (SEQ ID NO: 752), GYIPECPRDGQAYVCKDGEWVLLSTF (SEQ ID NO: 753), GYIPEAPRDGQCYCRKDGEWVLLSTF (SEQ ID NO: 754), or GYIPEAPRDGQACVRKDGECVLLSTF (SEQ ID NO: 755). These modified Foldon domains include amino acid substitutions that add two cysteine residues for formation of stabilizing disulfide bonds. In some embodiments, any of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains can be linked to a modified Foldon domain as described herein.

Exemplary sequences of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain linked to a trimerization domain are provided under code G of the Table in Table 13, and as SEQ ID NOs: 508-510.

Typically, the heterologous trimerization domain is positioned C-terminal to the gp41 polypeptide. Optionally, the multimerization domain is connected to the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain via a linker, such as an amino acid linker. Exemplary linkers are provided herein and are known in the art; non-limiting examples include Gly or Gly-Ser linkers, such as the amino acid sequence: GGSGGSGGS; SEQ ID NO: 574). Numerous conformationally neutral linkers are known in the art that can be used in this context without disrupting the conformation of the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein. Some embodiments include a protease cleavage site for removing the trimerization domain from the HIV polypeptide, such as, but not limited to, a thrombin site between the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain and the trimerization domain.

Additional Descriptions of Recombinant HIV-1 Env Ectodomains

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can further include an N-linked glycosylation site at gp120 position 332 (if not already present on the ectodomain). For example, by T332N substitution in the case of BG505 based immunogens. The presence of the glycosylation site at N332 allows for binding by 2G12 antibody.

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can include a lysine residue at gp120 position 168 (if not already present on the ectodomain). For example, the lysine residue can be added by amino acid substitution (such as an E168K substitution in the case of the JR-FL based immunogens). The presence of the lysine residue at position 168 allows for binding of particular broadly neutralizing antibodies to the V1V2 loop of gp120.

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can include an arginine residue at gp120 position 368 (if not already present on the ectodomain). For example, the arginine residue can be added by amino acid substitution (such as a D368R substitution). The presence of the arginine residue at position 368 reduces binding of CD4 to the HIV-1 Env ectodomain to inhibit the trimer from adopting the CD4-bound conformation.

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can further include a non-natural disulfide bond between gp120 positions 201 and 433 (if not already present on the ectodomain). For example, the non-natural disulfide bond can be introduced by including cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433. The presence of the non-natural disulfide bond between residues 201 and 433 contributes to the stabilization of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can further include a non-natural disulfide bond between HIV-1 Env positions 501 and 605 (if not already present on the ectodomain). For example, the non-natural disulfide bond can be introduced by including cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605. The presence of the non-natural disulfide bond between positions 501 and 605 contributes to the stabilization of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can further include a proline residue at HIV-1 Env positions 559 (if not already present on the ectodomain). For example, the proline residue can be introduced at position 559 by amino acid substitution (such as an I559P substitution). The presence of the proline residue at position 559 contributes to the stabilization of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can further include a non-natural disulfide bond between HIV-1 Env positions 501 and 605 and a proline residue at HIV-1 Env positions 559 (if not already present on the ectodomain). For example, the non-natural disulfide bond can be introduced by including cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605, and the proline residue can be introduced at position 559 by amino acid substitution (such as an I559P substitution). The presence of the non-natural disulfide bond between positions 501 and 605 and the proline residue at position 559 contributes to the stabilization of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can be further modified to be a singly chain HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a 10 amino acid glycine serine linker between HIV-1 Env residues 507 and 512 (if the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains is not already a single chain ectodomain).

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains disclosed herein can be further modified to include the “R6” mutation, which provides six Arginine residues in place of the naïve furin cleavage site between gp120 and gp41.

Any of the soluble recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers disclosed herein can include mutations to add a N-linked glycan sequon at position 504, position 661, or positions 504 and 661, to increase glycosylation of the membrane proximal region of the ectodomain.

Any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers disclosed herein that include a protease cleavage site between the gp120 and gp41 polypeptides can be modified to be a single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomain by mutation of the protease cleavage site for example by introducing a 10 amino acid linker connecting gp120 and gp41 or a 15 amino acid linker connecting g120 and gp41, for example as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 2158 (15 AA linker) and 2159 (10 AA linker).

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain can comprise a circular permutant of the Env ectodomain. For example, the circular permutant can comprise, from N-terminus to C-terminus,

(A) the gp41 polypeptide and the gp120 polypeptide linked by a peptide linker or directly linked; or

(B) a first segment of the gp41 polypeptide comprising a α6 helix, a α7 helix, and/or a 127 strand of the prefusion mature closed conformation of the HIV-1 Env protein;

the gp120 polypeptide; and

a second segment of the gp41 polypeptide comprising the α8 helix and/or the α9 helix of the prefusion mature closed conformation, wherein

the first and second segments of the gp41 polypeptide are linked to the gp120 polypeptide by a peptide linker, or are directly linked to the gp120 polypeptide.

The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprising the circular permutant of the Env ectodomain can further comprise any of the amino acid substitutions disclosed herein for stabilizing the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation, such as the DS-SOSIP substitutions.

C. V1V2V3 Immunogens

The V1, V2, and V3 domains of HIV-1 Env are located on the apex of the trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation and include regions recognized by several neutralizing antibodies. Provided herein are immunogens that include these minimal domains of the HIV-1 Env protein in a format that maintains their structure in the prefusion mature closed conformation, and which are useful, for example, for inducing an immune response to HIV-1 Env. These immunogens are also useful for specific binding to antibodies that target the V1, V2, or V3 domains of HIV-1 Env, for example as probes to identify or detect such antibodies.

In several embodiments, the V1, V2, and V3 domains are included on a protein scaffold, such as a scaffold protein based on the 1VH8 protein (SEQ ID NO: 855), which is deposited in the Protein Data Bank as No. 1VH8, and incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In another example, the “scaffold” can be any of the recombinant HIV-1 ectodomain trimers described herein, and the V1V2V3 immunogen can be included on the recombinant HIV-1 ectodomain trimer in place of the corresponding sequence of thHIV-1 ectodomain (e.g., the V1V2V3 immunogen can be “transplanted” on the recombinant HIV-1 ectodomain trimer). In some embodiments, the V1V2V3 scaffold protein comprises a circular permutant of the V1, V2, and V3 domains of HIV-1 linked to the 1VH8 protein. In some embodiments, the V1V2V3 scaffold protein comprises from N- to C-terminus:

(1VH8 residues 36-159)-L₁-(1VH8 residues 2-15)-L₂-(V1V2 domain)-L₃-(V3 domain)

In some embodiments, the V1V2 domain portion of the V1V2V3 scaffold protein can include HIV-1 Env residues 120-203. In some embodiments, the V3 domain portion of the V1V2V3 scaffold protein can be a circular permutant of the V3 domain including, from N- to C-terminus,

(HIV-1 Env residues 317-330)-L₄-(HIV-1 Env residues 297-314)

The linkers in the V1V2V3 scaffold protein are peptide linkers, for example glycine-serine linkers. In some embodiments, the L₁ linker can include a GSG sequence, the L₂ linker can include SEQ ID NO: 528 or SEQ ID NO: 854, the L₃ linker can include SEQ ID NO: 319, and/or the L₄ linker can include AA-GSG-A.

Exemplary V1V2V3 scaffold proteins are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 836-843. In some embodiments, the immunogen includes an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 836-843.

The V1V2V3 scaffold protein can include any of the stabilizing mutations described herein that include mutations to the V1, V2, and/or V3 domain to stabilize the V1, V2, and/or V3 domains in the prefusion mature closed conformation of the HIV-1 Env protein, for example the V1V2V3 scaffold protein can include cysteine substitutions at positions 174 and 319, or 175 and 320, which stabilize the V1, V2 and/or V3 domains in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

D. Protein Nanoparticles

In some embodiments a protein nanoparticle is provided that includes one or more of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, or an immunogenic fragment thereof. Such a protein nanoparticle can be specifically bound by one or more antibodies that specifically bind to the HIV-1 Env prefusion mature closed conformation, such as VRC26, PGT122, PGT145, and 35O22. Additionally, in several embodiments, the disclosed nanoparticles do not specifically bind to an antibody that specifically binds to HIV-1 Env in its CD4 bound conformation, but not to HIV-1 Env in its prefusion mature closed conformation. For example, the disclosed protein nanoparticles do not specifically bind to 17b antibody in the presence of a molar excess of CD4. Non-limiting example of nanoparticles include ferritin nanoparticles, an encapsulin nanoparticles, Sulfur Oxygenase Reductase (SOR) nanoparticles, and lumazine synthase nanoparticles, which are comprised of an assembly of monomeric subunits including ferritin proteins, encapsulin proteins, SOR proteins, and lumazine synthase respectively. Exemplary sequences of recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains linked to a nanoparticle subunit are provided under code F in the Table included in Table 13. To construct protein nanoparticles including a HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof, the HIV-1 Env protein or fragment can be linked to a subunit of the protein nanoparticle (such as a ferritin protein, an encapsulin protein, a SOR protein, or a lumazine synthase protein). The fusion protein self-assembles into a nanoparticle under appropriate conditions.

In several embodiments, the protein nanoparticle comprises two or more of the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, wherein the two or more recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins are from at least two different strains of HIV-1.

In some embodiments, the immunogen comprises a recombinant HIV-1 Env protein linked to a protein nanoparticle subunit, and comprises an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to the sequence set forth as one of 471-507, or 596-645, wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein linked to the nanoparticle subunit can oligomerizes to form a functional protein nanoparticle including a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer (or immunogenic fragment thereof) in a prefusion mature closed conformation.

In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a ferritin subunit to construct a ferritin nanoparticle. Ferritin nanoparticles and their use for immunization purposes (e.g., for immunization against influenza antigens) have been disclosed in the art (see, e.g., Kanekiyo et al., Nature, 499:102-106, 2013, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Ferritin is a globular protein that is found in all animals, bacteria, and plants, and which acts primarily to control the rate and location of polynuclear Fe(III)₂O₃ formation through the transportation of hydrated iron ions and protons to and from a mineralized core. The globular form of the ferritin nanoparticle is made up of monomeric subunits, which are polypeptides having a molecule weight of approximately 17-20 kDa. An example of the amino acid sequence of one such monomeric subunit is represented by SEQ ID NO: 575.

Each monomeric subunit has the topology of a helix bundle which includes a four antiparallel helix motif, with a fifth shorter helix (the c-terminal helix) lying roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the 4 helix bundle. According to convention, the helices are labeled ‘A, B, C, D & E’ from the N-terminus respectively. The N-terminal sequence lies adjacent to the capsid three-fold axis and extends to the surface, while the E helices pack together at the four-fold axis with the C-terminus extending into the capsid core. The consequence of this packing creates two pores on the capsid surface. It is expected that one or both of these pores represent the point by which the hydrated iron diffuses into and out of the capsid. Following production, these monomeric subunit proteins self-assemble into the globular ferritin protein. Thus, the globular form of ferritin comprises 24 monomeric, subunit proteins, and has a capsid-like structure having 432 symmetry. Methods of constructing ferritin nanoparticles are known to the person of ordinary skill in the art and are further described herein (see, e.g., Zhang, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12:5406-5421, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

In specific examples, the ferritin polypeptide is E. coli ferritin, Helicobacter pylori ferritin, human light chain ferritin, bullfrog ferritin or a hybrid thereof, such as E. coli-human hybrid ferritin, E. coli-bullfrog hybrid ferritin, or human-bullfrog hybrid ferritin. Exemplary amino acid sequences of ferritin polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding ferritin polypeptides for use to make a ferritin nanoparticle including a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof can be found in GENBANK®, for example at accession numbers ZP_03085328, ZP_06990637, EJB64322.1, AAA35832, NP_000137 AAA49532, AAA49525, AAA49524 and AAA49523, which are specifically incorporated by reference herein in their entirety as available Jun. 20, 2014. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a ferritin subunit including an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 575.

Non-limiting examples of a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof linked to a ferritin subunit include the amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NO: 471, 473-475, 626-637, 797-802, 809-814, 821-835, 1099-1113, and 1201-1218.

In additional embodiments, any of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof can be linked to a lumazine synthase subunit to construct a lumazine synthase nanoparticle. The globular form of lumazine synthase nanoparticle is made up of monomeric subunits; an example of the sequence of one such monomeric subunit is provides as the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 576.

In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a lumazine synthase subunit including an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 576. Specific examples of a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof linked to a lumazine synthase subunit is provided as the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 472, 476-477, 638-645, 803-808, and 815-820.

In additional embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to an encapsulin subunit to construct an encapsulin nanoparticle. The globular form of the encapsulin nanoparticle is made up of monomeric subunits; an example of the sequence of one such monomeric subunit is provides as the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 756.

In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to an encapsulin subunit including an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 756.

Encapsulin proteins are a conserved family of bacterial proteins also known as linocin-like proteins that form large protein assemblies that function as a minimal compartment to package enzymes. The encapsulin assembly is made up of monomeric subunits, which are polypeptides having a molecule weight of approximately 30 kDa. Following production, the monomeric subunits self-assemble into the globular encapsulin assembly including 60 monomeric subunits. Methods of constructing encapsulin nanoparticles are known to the person of ordinary skill in the art, and further described herein (see, for example, Sutter et al., Nature Struct. and Mol. Biol., 15:939-947, 2008, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). In specific examples, the encapsulin polypeptide is bacterial encapsulin, such as E. coli or Thermotoga maritime encapsulin.

In additional embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a Sulfer Oxygenase Reductase (SOR) subunit to construct a recombinant SOR nanoparticle. In some embodiments, the SOR subunit can include the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 577.

In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a SOR subunit including an amino acid sequence at least 80% (such as at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%) identical to amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 577.

SOR proteins are microbial proteins (for example from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Acidianus ambivalens that form 24 subunit protein assemblies. Methods of constructing SOR nanoparticles are known to the person of ordinary skill in the art (see, e.g., Urich et al., Science, 311:996-1000, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). An example of an amino acid sequence of a SOR protein for use to make SOR nanoparticles is set forth in Urich et al., Science, 311:996-1000, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

In some examples, the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to the N- or C-terminus, or placed within an internal loop of a ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase subunit, for example with a linker, such as a Ser-Gly linker. When the constructs have been made in HEK 293 Freestyle cells, the fusion proteins are secreted from the cells and self-assembled into nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be purified using known techniques, for example by a few different chromatography procedures, e.g. Mono Q (anion exchange) followed by size exclusion (SUPEROSE® 6) chromatography.

Several embodiments include a monomeric subunit of a ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase protein, or any portion thereof which is capable of directing self-assembly of monomeric subunits into the globular form of the protein. Amino acid sequences from monomeric subunits of any known ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase protein can be used to produce fusion proteins with the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, so long as the monomeric subunit is capable of self-assembling into a nanoparticle displaying recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof on its surface.

The fusion proteins need not comprise the full-length sequence of a monomeric subunit polypeptide of a ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase protein. Portions, or regions, of the monomeric subunit polypeptide can be utilized so long as the portion comprises amino acid sequences that direct self-assembly of monomeric subunits into the globular form of the protein.

In some embodiments, it may be useful to engineer mutations into the amino acid sequence of the monomeric ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase subunits. For example, it may be useful to alter sites such as enzyme recognition sites or glycosylation sites in order to give the fusion protein beneficial properties (e.g., half-life).

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that fusion of any of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof to the ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase protein should be done such that the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof does not interfere with self-assembly of the monomeric ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase subunits into the globular protein, and that the ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase subunits do not interfere with the ability of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof to elicit an immune response to HIV. In some embodiments, the ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase protein and disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof can be joined together directly without affecting the activity of either portion. In other embodiments, the ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase protein and the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof can be joined using a linker (also referred to as a spacer) sequence. The linker sequence is designed to position the ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase portion of the fusion protein and the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof can be linked to an portion of the fusion protein, with regard to one another, such that the fusion protein maintains the ability to assemble into nanoparticles, and also elicit an immune response to HIV. In several embodiments, the linker sequences comprise amino acids. Preferable amino acids to use are those having small side chains and/or those which are not charged. Such amino acids are less likely to interfere with proper folding and activity of the fusion protein. Accordingly, preferred amino acids to use in linker sequences, either alone or in combination are serine, glycine and alanine. One example of such a linker sequence is SGG. Amino acids can be added or subtracted as needed. Those skilled in the art are capable of determining appropriate linker sequences for construction of protein nanoparticles.

The disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragments thereof can be linked to ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase subunits can self-assemble into multi-subunit protein nanoparticles, termed ferritin nanoparticles, encapsulin nanoparticles, SOR nanoparticles, and lumazine synthase nanoparticles, respectively. The nanoparticles including a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof have substantially the same structural characteristics as the native ferritin, encapsulin, SOR, or lumazine synthase nanoparticles that do not include the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof. That is, they contain 24, 60, 24, or 60 subunits (respectively) and have similar corresponding symmetry.

Additional sequences of recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins as disclosed herein linked to a protein nanoparticle subunit are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 478-507.

In some embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to Escherichia coli enzyme 2-hydroxypentadienoic acid hydratase subunit (see Montgomery et al., J. Mol. Biol. 396: 1379-1391, 2010), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2101 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a cocksfoot mottle virus coat protein subunit (see Tars et al., Virology 310: 287-297, 2003), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2102 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a Rice yellow mottle virus capsid protein subunit (see Qu et al., Structure Fold. Des. 8: 1095-1103, 2000), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2103 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a sesbania mosaic virus coat protein subunit (see Bhuvaneshwari et al., Structure 3: 1021-1030, 1995), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2104 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a tomato bushy stunt virus coat protein subunit (see Hopper et al., J. Mol. Biol. 177: 701-713, 1984), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2105 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a phage MS2 protein capsid subunit (see van den Worm et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 26: 1345-1351, 1998), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2106 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to bacteriophage fr capsid subunit (see Liljas et al., J. Mol. Biol. 244: 279-290, 1994), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2107 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a bacteriophage phiCb5 coat protein subunit (see Plevka et al. J. Mol. Biol. 391: 635-647, 2009), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2108 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a HK97 bacteriophage capsid subunit (see Helgstrand et al., J. Mol. Biol. 334: 885, 2003), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2109 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a bacteriophage GA protein capsid subunit (see Tars et al., J. Mol. Biol. 271: 759-773, 1997), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2110 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a bacteriophage PRR1 coat protein subunit (see Persson et al., J. Mol. Biol. 383: 914, 2008), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2111 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a bacteriophage PP7 coat protein subunit (see Tars et al., Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D 56: 398, 2000), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2112 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or immunogenic fragment thereof can be linked to a bacteriophage Q beta capsid subunit (see Golmohammadi et al., Structure 4: 543-554, 1996), which can include, for example, the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2113 or a fragment thereof.

E. Polynucleotides and Expression

Polynucleotides encoding a disclosed immunogen (e.g., a HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, or an immunogenic fragment thereof), or protein nanoparticles (or a subunit thereof) or vectors, disclosed herein are also provided. These polynucleotides include DNA, cDNA and RNA sequences which encode the antigen. One of skill in the art can readily use the genetic code to construct a variety of functionally equivalent nucleic acids, such as nucleic acids which differ in sequence but which encode the same antibody sequence, or encode a conjugate or fusion protein including the nucleic acid sequence.

In a non-limiting example, a polynucleotide sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 757, which encodes the single chain HIV-1 Env set forth as SEQ ID NO: 352. In another example, a polynucleotide sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2119, which encodes the BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C HIV-1 Env set forth as SEQ ID NO: 26. For reference, native BG505 DNA sequence is provided as SEQ ID NO: 2120.

In several embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a precursor of a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, that, when expressed in an appropriate cell, is processed into a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof. For example, the nucleic acid molecule can encode a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a N-terminal signal sequence for entry into the cellular secretory system that is proteolytically cleaved in the during processing of the HIV-1 Env protein in the cell. In some embodiments, the signal peptide includes the amino acid sequence set forth as residues 1-30 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

Exemplary nucleic acids can be prepared by cloning techniques. Examples of appropriate cloning and sequencing techniques, and instructions sufficient to direct persons of skill through many cloning exercises are known (see, e.g., Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 4^(th) ed, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 2012) and Ausubel et al. (In Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, through supplement 104, 2013). Product information from manufacturers of biological reagents and experimental equipment also provide useful information. Such manufacturers include the SIGMA Chemical Company (Saint Louis, Mo.), R&D Systems (Minneapolis, Minn.), Pharmacia Amersham (Piscataway, N.J.), CLONTECH Laboratories, Inc. (Palo Alto, Calif.), Chem Genes Corp., Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, Wis.), Glen Research, Inc., GIBCO BRL Life Technologies, Inc. (Gaithersburg, Md.), Fluka Chemica-Biochemika Analytika (Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland), Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.), and Applied Biosystems (Foster City, Calif.), as well as many other commercial sources known to one of skill.

Nucleic acids can also be prepared by amplification methods. Amplification methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the ligase chain reaction (LCR), the transcription-based amplification system (TAS), the self-sustained sequence replication system (3SR). A wide variety of cloning methods, host cells, and in vitro amplification methodologies are well known to persons of skill.

The polynucleotides encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, fragments thereof, and protein nanoparticles (or a subunit thereof) can include a recombinant DNA which is incorporated into a vector into an autonomously replicating plasmid or virus or into the genomic DNA of a prokaryote or eukaryote, or which exists as a separate molecule (such as a cDNA) independent of other sequences. The nucleotides can be ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, or modified forms of either nucleotide. The term includes single and double forms of DNA.

Polynucleotide sequences encoding recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, fragments thereof, and protein nanoparticles (or a subunit thereof) can be operatively linked to expression control sequences. An expression control sequence operatively linked to a coding sequence is ligated such that expression of the coding sequence is achieved under conditions compatible with the expression control sequences. The expression control sequences include, but are not limited to, appropriate promoters, enhancers, transcription terminators, a start codon (i.e., ATG) in front of a protein-encoding gene, splicing signal for introns, maintenance of the correct reading frame of that gene to permit proper translation of mRNA, and stop codons.

DNA sequences encoding the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, fragments thereof, and protein nanoparticles (or a subunit thereof) can be expressed in vitro by DNA transfer into a suitable host cell. The cell may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The term also includes any progeny of the subject host cell. It is understood that all progeny may not be identical to the parental cell since there may be mutations that occur during replication. Methods of stable transfer, meaning that the foreign DNA is continuously maintained in the host, are known in the art.

Hosts can include microbial, yeast, insect and mammalian organisms. Methods of expressing DNA sequences having eukaryotic or viral sequences in prokaryotes are well known in the art. Non-limiting examples of suitable host cells include bacteria, archea, insect, fungi (for example, yeast), plant, and animal cells (for example, mammalian cells, such as human). Exemplary cells of use include Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella typhimurium, SF9 cells, C129 cells, 293 cells, Neurospora, and immortalized mammalian myeloid and lymphoid cell lines. Techniques for the propagation of mammalian cells in culture are well-known (see, e.g., Helgason and Miller (Eds.), 2012, Basic Cell Culture Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology), 4^(th) Ed., Humana Press). Examples of commonly used mammalian host cell lines are VERO and HeLa cells, CHO cells, and WI38, BHK, and COS cell lines, although cell lines may be used, such as cells designed to provide higher expression, desirable glycosylation patterns, or other features. In some embodiments, the host cells include HEK293 cells or derivatives thereof, such as GnTI^(−/−) cells (ATCC® No. CRL-3022), or HEK-293F cells.

Transformation of a host cell with recombinant DNA can be carried out by conventional techniques as are well known to those skilled in the art. Where the host is prokaryotic, such as, but not limited to, E. coli, competent cells which are capable of DNA uptake can be prepared from cells harvested after exponential growth phase and subsequently treated by the CaCl₂ method using procedures well known in the art. Alternatively, MgCl₂ or RbCl can be used. Transformation can also be performed after forming a protoplast of the host cell if desired, or by electroporation.

When the host is a eukaryote, such methods of transfection of DNA as calcium phosphate coprecipitates, conventional mechanical procedures such as microinjection, electroporation, insertion of a plasmid encased in liposomes, or viral vectors can be used. Eukaryotic cells can also be co-transformed with polynucleotide sequences encoding a disclosed antigen, and a second foreign DNA molecule encoding a selectable phenotype, such as the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene. Another method is to use a eukaryotic viral vector, such as simian virus 40 (SV40) or bovine papilloma virus, to transiently infect or transform eukaryotic cells and express the protein (see for example, Viral Expression Vectors, Springer press, Muzyczka ed., 2011). One of skill in the art can readily use an expression systems such as plasmids and vectors of use in producing proteins in cells including higher eukaryotic cells such as the COS, CHO, HeLa and myeloma cell lines.

In one non-limiting example, a disclosed immunogen is expressed using the pVRC8400 vector (described in Barouch et al., J. Virol, 79, 8828-8834, 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein).

Modifications can be made to a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, fragment thereof, and protein nanoparticle (or a subunit thereof) described herein without diminishing its biological activity. Some modifications can be made to facilitate the cloning, expression, or incorporation of the targeting molecule into a fusion protein. Such modifications are well known to those of skill in the art and include, for example, termination codons, a methionine added at the amino terminus to provide an initiation, site, additional amino acids placed on either terminus to create conveniently located restriction sites, or additional amino acids (such as poly His) to aid in purification steps.

In addition to recombinant methods, the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, fragments thereof, and protein nanoparticles (or a subunit thereof) can also be constructed in whole or in part using protein synthesis methods known in the art.

F. Virus-Like Particles

In some embodiments, a virus-like particle (VLP) is provided that includes a disclosed immunogen (e.g., a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof). VLPs lack the viral components that are required for virus replication and thus represent a highly attenuated form of a virus. The VLP can display a polypeptide (e.g., a recombinant HIV-1 Env protein) that is capable of eliciting an immune response to HIV when administered to a subject. Virus like particles and methods of their production are known and familiar to the person of ordinary skill in the art, and viral proteins from several viruses are known to form VLPs, including human papillomavirus, HIV (Kang et al., Biol. Chem. 380: 353-64 (1999)), Semliki-Forest virus (Notka et al., Biol. Chem. 380: 341-52 (1999)), human polyomavirus (Goldmann et al., J. Virol. 73: 4465-9 (1999)), rotavirus (Jiang et al., Vaccine 17: 1005-13 (1999)), parvovirus (Casal, Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, Vol 29, Part 2, pp 141-150 (1999)), canine parvovirus (Hurtado et al., J. Virol. 70: 5422-9 (1996)), hepatitis E virus (Li et al., J. Virol. 71: 7207-13 (1997)), and Newcastle disease virus. The formation of such VLPs can be detected by any suitable technique. Examples of suitable techniques known in the art for detection of VLPs in a medium include, e.g., electron microscopy techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), selective chromatographic separation (e.g., ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and/or size exclusion chromatographic separation of the VLPs) and density gradient centrifugation.

The virus like particle can include any of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers or immunogenic fragments thereof, that are disclosed herein. For example, the virus like particle can include the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragments thereof, of any of claims X-Y included in the claim set below. Embodiments concerning the virus-like particles are further described in Clauses 1-16, below.

Clause 1. A virus like particle comprising the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-67;

particularly wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment thereof is linked to a transmembrane domain;

particularly wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer comprises DS and SOS substitutions as described herein;

particularly wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is a chimeric HIV-1 Env trimer comprising a BG505 “platform” as described herein, a V1V2 domain from a CAP256.SU (SEQ ID NO: 51), a BB201.B42 (SEQ ID NO: 81), a KER2018.11 (SEQ ID NO: 107), a CH070.1 (SEQ ID NO: 174), a ZM233.6 (SEQ ID NO: 745), a Q23.17 (SEQ ID NO: 746), a A244 (SEQ ID NO: 747), a T250-4 (SEQ ID NO: 2114), or a WITO.33 (SEQ ID NO: 748) strain of HIV-1, with the remainder of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain based on Env from a 45_01dG5 Env or a 426c Env that further comprises amino acid substitutions to remove the N-linked glycan sequons at positions 276, 460, 463.

Clause 2. An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the virus like particle of clause 1.

Clause 3. The nucleic acid molecule of clause 2, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes a precursor protein of the gp120/gp41 protomers in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer.

Clause 4. The nucleic acid molecule of clause 2 or clause 3, operably linked to a promoter.

Clause 5. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of clause 4.

Clause 6. An isolated host cell comprising the vector of clause 5.

Clause 7. The virus-like particle of any one of the prior clauses, wherein administration of an effective amount of the virus like particle induces a neutralizing immune response to HIV-1 Env in the subject.

Clause 8. An immunogenic composition comprising an effective amount of the virus like particle of any one of the prior clauses, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Clause 9. The immunogenic composition of clause 8, further comprising an adjuvant.

Clause 10. A method for generating an immune response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the immunogenic composition of clause 9 or clause 10, thereby generating the immune response.

Clause 11. A method for treating or preventing a Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the immunogenic composition of clause 9 or clause 10, thereby treating the subject or preventing HIV-1 infection of the subject.

Clause 12. The method of clause 10 clause 11, comprising a prime-boost administration of the immunogenic composition.

Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 10-12, wherein the subject is at risk of or has an HIV-1 infection.

Clause 14. A kit comprising the virus like particle, nucleic acid molecule, vector, or composition, of any of clauses 1-9, and instructions for using the kit.

Clause 15. Use of the virus like particle, nucleic acid molecule, vector, or composition of any of clauses 1-9, to inhibit or prevent HIV-1 infection in a subject.

Clause 16. Use of the virus like particle, nucleic acid molecule, vector, or composition of any of clauses 1-9, to induce an immune response to HIV-1 Env in a subject.

G. Viral Vectors

The nucleic acid molecules encoding the disclosed immunogens (e.g., a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation or an immunogenic fragment thereof) can be included in a viral vector, for example for expression of the antigen in a host cell, or for immunization of a subject as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the viral vectors are administered to a subject as part of a prime-boost vaccination. In several embodiments, the viral vectors are included in a vaccine, such as a primer vaccine or a booster vaccine for use in a prime-boost vaccination.

In several examples, the viral vector can be replication-competent. For example, the viral vector can have a mutation in the viral genome that does not inhibit viral replication in host cells. The viral vector also can be conditionally replication-competent. In other examples, the viral vector is replication-deficient in host cells.

A number of viral vectors have been constructed, that can be used to express the disclosed antigens, including polyoma, i.e., SV40 (Madzak et al., 1992, J. Gen. Virol., 73:15331536), adenovirus (Berkner, 1992, Cur. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 158:39-6; Berliner et al., 1988, Bio Techniques, 6:616-629; Gorziglia et al., 1992, J. Virol., 66:4407-4412; Quantin et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:2581-2584; Rosenfeld et al., 1992, Cell, 68:143-155; Wilkinson et al., 1992, Nucl. Acids Res., 20:2233-2239; Stratford-Perricaudet et al., 1990, Hum. Gene Ther., 1:241-256), vaccinia virus (Mackett et al., 1992, Biotechnology, 24:495-499), adeno-associated virus (Muzyczka, 1992, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 158:91-123; On et al., 1990, Gene, 89:279-282), herpes viruses including HSV and EBV (Margolskee, 1992, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 158:67-90; Johnson et al., 1992, J. Virol., 66:29522965; Fink et al., 1992, Hum. Gene Ther. 3:11-19; Breakfield et al., 1987, Mol. Neurobiol., 1:337-371; Fresse et al., 1990, Biochem. Pharmacol., 40:2189-2199), Sindbis viruses (H. Herweijer et al., 1995, Human Gene Therapy 6:1161-1167; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,091,309 and 5,2217,879), alphaviruses (S. Schlesinger, 1993, Trends Biotechnol. 11:18-22; I. Frolov et al., 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:11371-11377) and retroviruses of avian (Brandyopadhyay et al., 1984, Mol. Cell Biol., 4:749-754; Petropouplos et al., 1992, J. Virol., 66:3391-3397), murine (Miller, 1992, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 158:1-24; Miller et al., 1985, Mol. Cell Biol., 5:431-437; Sorge et al., 1984, Mol. Cell Biol., 4:1730-1737; Mann et al., 1985, J. Virol., 54:401-407), and human origin (Page et al., 1990, J. Virol., 64:5370-5276; Buchschalcher et al., 1992, J. Virol., 66:2731-2739). Baculovirus (Autographa californica multinuclear polyhedrosis virus; AcMNPV) vectors are also known in the art, and may be obtained from commercial sources (such as PharMingen, San Diego, Calif.; Protein Sciences Corp., Meriden, Conn.; Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.).

In several embodiments, the viral vector can include an adenoviral vector that expresses a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof. Adenovirus from various origins, subtypes, or mixture of subtypes can be used as the source of the viral genome for the adenoviral vector. Non-human adenovirus (e.g., simian, chimpanzee, gorilla, avian, canine, ovine, or bovine adenoviruses) can be used to generate the adenoviral vector. For example, a simian adenovirus can be used as the source of the viral genome of the adenoviral vector. A simian adenovirus can be of serotype 1, 3, 7, 11, 16, 18, 19, 20, 27, 33, 38, 39, 48, 49, 50, or any other simian adenoviral serotype. A simian adenovirus can be referred to by using any suitable abbreviation known in the art, such as, for example, SV, SAdV, SAV or sAV. In some examples, a simian adenoviral vector is a simian adenoviral vector of serotype 3, 7, 11, 16, 18, 19, 20, 27, 33, 38, or 39. In one example, a chimpanzee serotype C Ad3 vector is used (see, e.g., Peruzzi et al., Vaccine, 27:1293-1300, 2009). Human adenovirus can be used as the source of the viral genome for the adenoviral vector. Human adenovirus can be of various subgroups or serotypes. For instance, an adenovirus can be of subgroup A (e.g., serotypes 12, 18, and 31), subgroup B (e.g., serotypes 3, 7, 11, 14, 16, 21, 34, 35, and 50), subgroup C (e.g., serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 6), subgroup D (e.g., serotypes 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 36-39, and 42-48), subgroup E (e.g., serotype 4), subgroup F (e.g., serotypes 40 and 41), an unclassified serogroup (e.g., serotypes 49 and 51), or any other adenoviral serotype. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with replication competent and deficient adenoviral vectors (including singly and multiply replication deficient adenoviral vectors). Examples of replication-deficient adenoviral vectors, including multiply replication-deficient adenoviral vectors, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,837,511; 5,851,806; 5,994,106; 6,127,175; 6,482,616; and 7,195,896, and International Patent Application Nos. WO 94/28152, WO 95/02697, WO 95/16772, WO 95/34671, WO 96/22378, WO 97/12986, WO 97/21826, and WO 03/02231 1.

H. Neutralizing Immune Response

A disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation, or immunogenic fragment thereof, can be used to elicit a neutralizing immune response to HIV-1 in a subject. In several such embodiments, induction of the immune response includes production of neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1.

In several embodiments, following immunization of a subject with a disclosed immunogen (e.g., as described herein) serum can be collected from the subject at appropriate time points, frozen, and stored for neutralization testing. Methods to assay for neutralization activity are known to the person of ordinary skill in the art and are further described herein, and include, but are not limited to, plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT) assays, microneutralization assays, flow cytometry based assays, single-cycle infection assays (e.g., as described in Martin et al. (2003) Nature Biotechnology 21:71-76), and pseudovirus neutralization assays (e.g., as described in Georgiev et al. (Science, 340, 751-756, 2013), Seaman et al. (J. Virol., 84, 1439-1452, 2005), and Mascola et al. (J. Virol., 79, 10103-10107, 2005), each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the serum neutralization activity can be assayed using a panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses as described in Georgiev et al., Science, 340, 751-756, 2013 or Seaman et al. J. Virol., 84, 1439-1452, 2005. Briefly, pseudovirus stocks are prepared by co-transfection of 293T cells with an HIV-1 Env-deficient backbone and an expression plasmid encoding the Env gene of interest. The serum to be assayed is diluted in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium-10% FCS (Gibco) and mixed with pseudovirus. After 30 min, 10,000 TZM-bl cells are added, and the plates are incubated for 48 hours. Assays are developed with a luciferase assay system (Promega, Madison, Wis.), and the relative light units (RLU) are read on a luminometer (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, Mass.). To account for background, a cutoff of ID₅₀≧40 can be used as a criterion for the presence of serum neutralization activity against a given pseudovirus.

In some embodiments, administration of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the disclosed immunogens to a subject (e.g., by a prime-boost administration of a DNA vector encoding a disclosed immunogen (prime) followed by a protein nanoparticle including a disclosed immunogen (boost)) induces a neutralizing immune response in the subject. In several embodiments, the neutralizing immune response can be detected using a pseudovirus neutralization assay against a panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses including HIV-1 Env proteins from different HIV-1 strains. In one example, the panel can include pseudoviruses including Env proteins from HIV-1 strains from Clade A (KER2018.11, Q23.17, Q168.a2, Q769.h5, and RW020.2), Clade B (BaL.01, 6101.10, BG1168.01, CAAN.A2, JR-FL, JR-CSF.JB, PVO.4, THRO4156.18, TRJO4551.58, TRO.11, and YU2), and Clade C (DU156.12, DU422.01, ZA012.29, ZM55.28a, and ZM106.9). In other examples, the panel can include pseudoviruses including Env proteins from the HIV-1 strains listed in Table S5 or Table S6 of Georgiev et al. (Science, 340, 751-756, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety), or Table 1 of Seaman et al. (J. Virol., 84, 1439-1452, 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).

In some embodiments, administration of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the disclosed immunogen to a subject (e.g., by a prime-boost administration of a DNA vector encoding a disclosed immunogen (prime) followed by a protein nanoparticle including a disclosed immunogen (boost)) induces a neutralizing immune response in the subject, wherein serum from the subject neutralizes, with an ID₅₀≧40, at least 30% (such as at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90%) of pseudoviruses is a panel of pseudoviruses including the HIV-1 Env proteins listed in Table S5 or Table S6 of Georgiev et al. (Science, 340, 751-756, 2013), or Table 1 of Seaman et al. (J. Virol., 84, 1439-1452, 2005) or including Env proteins from HIV-1 strains from Clade A (KER2018.11, Q23.17, Q168.a2, Q769.h5, and RW020.2), Clade B (BaL.01, 6101.10, BG1168.01, CAAN.A2, JR-FL, JR-CSF.JB, PVO.4, THRO4156.18, TRJO4551.58, TRO.11, and YU2), and Clade C (DU156.12, DU422.01, ZA012.29, ZM55.28a, and ZM106.9).

In additional embodiments, administration of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the disclosed immunogen to a subject (e.g., by a prime-boost administration of a DNA vector encoding a disclosed immunogen (prime) followed by a protein nanoparticle including a disclosed immunogen (boost)) induces a neutralizing immune response in the subject, wherein serum from the subject neutralizes, with an ID₅₀≧40, at least 30% (such as at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90%) of pseudoviruses is a panel of pseudoviruses including the Clade A, Clade B, or Clade C HIV-1 Env proteins listed in Table S5 or Table S6 of Georgiev et al. (Science, 340, 751-756, 2013), or Table 1 of Seaman et al. (J. Virol., 84, 1439-1452, 2005) or including Env proteins from HIV-1 strains from Clade A (KER2018.11, Q23.17, Q168.a2, Q769.h5, and RW020.2), Clade B (BaL.01, 6101.10, BG1168.01, CAAN.A2, JR-FL, JR-CSF.JB, PVO.4, THR04156.18, TRJ04551.58, TRO.11, and YU2), and Clade C (DU156.12, DU422.01, ZA012.29, ZM55.28a, and ZM106.9).

I. Compositions

The disclosed immunogens (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, or a protein nanoparticle including such proteins), or nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogen, can be included in a pharmaceutical composition (including therapeutic and prophylactic formulations), often combined together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles and, optionally, other therapeutic ingredients (for example, antibiotics or antiviral drugs). In several embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions including one or more of the disclosed immunogens are immunogenic compositions.

Such pharmaceutical compositions can be administered to subjects by a variety of administration modes known to the person of ordinary skill in the art, for example, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intra-arterial, intra-articular, intraperitoneal, or parenteral routes.

To formulate the pharmaceutical compositions, the disclosed immunogens (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, or a protein nanoparticle including such proteins), or nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogen, can be combined with various pharmaceutically acceptable additives, as well as a base or vehicle for dispersion of the conjugate. Desired additives include, but are not limited to, pH control agents, such as arginine, sodium hydroxide, glycine, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, and the like. In addition, local anesthetics (for example, benzyl alcohol), isotonizing agents (for example, sodium chloride, mannitol, sorbitol), adsorption inhibitors (for example, TWEEN® 80), solubility enhancing agents (for example, cyclodextrins and derivatives thereof), stabilizers (for example, serum albumin), and reducing agents (for example, glutathione) can be included. Adjuvants, such as aluminum hydroxide (ALHYDROGEL®, available from Brenntag Biosector, Copenhagen, Denmark and AMPHOGEL®, Wyeth Laboratories, Madison, N.J.), Freund's adjuvant, MPL™ (3-O-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A; Corixa, Hamilton, Ind.) and IL-12 (Genetics Institute, Cambridge, Mass.), among many other suitable adjuvants well known in the art, can be included in the compositions.

When the composition is a liquid, the tonicity of the formulation, as measured with reference to the tonicity of 0.9% (w/v) physiological saline solution taken as unity, is typically adjusted to a value at which no substantial, irreversible tissue damage will be induced at the site of administration. Generally, the tonicity of the solution is adjusted to a value of about 0.3 to about 3.0, such as about 0.5 to about 2.0, or about 0.8 to about 1.7.

The disclosed immunogens (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, or a protein nanoparticle including such proteins), or nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogen can be dispersed in a base or vehicle, which can include a hydrophilic compound having a capacity to disperse the antigens, and any desired additives. The base can be selected from a wide range of suitable compounds, including but not limited to, copolymers of polycarboxylic acids or salts thereof, carboxylic anhydrides (for example, maleic anhydride) with other monomers (for example, methyl (meth)acrylate, acrylic acid and the like), hydrophilic vinyl polymers, such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose derivatives, such as hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and the like, and natural polymers, such as chitosan, collagen, sodium alginate, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and nontoxic metal salts thereof. Often, a biodegradable polymer is selected as a base or vehicle, for example, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer, polyhydroxybutyric acid, poly(hydroxybutyric acid-glycolic acid) copolymer and mixtures thereof. Alternatively or additionally, synthetic fatty acid esters such as polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters and the like can be employed as vehicles. Hydrophilic polymers and other vehicles can be used alone or in combination, and enhanced structural integrity can be imparted to the vehicle by partial crystallization, ionic bonding, cross-linking and the like. The vehicle can be provided in a variety of forms, including fluid or viscous solutions, gels, pastes, powders, microspheres and films, for examples for direct application to a mucosal surface.

The disclosed immunogens (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, or a protein nanoparticle including such proteins), or nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogen can be combined with the base or vehicle according to a variety of methods, and release of the antigens can be by diffusion, disintegration of the vehicle, or associated formation of water channels. In some circumstances, the disclosed immunogens (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, or a protein nanoparticle including such proteins), or nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogen is dispersed in microcapsules (microspheres) or nanocapsules (nanospheres) prepared from a suitable polymer, for example, isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (see, for example, Michael et al., J. Pharmacy Pharmacol. 43:1-5, 1991), and dispersed in a biocompatible dispersing medium, which yields sustained delivery and biological activity over a protracted time.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure can alternatively contain as pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles substances as required to approximate physiological conditions, such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents, wetting agents and the like, for example, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sorbitan monolaurate, and triethanolamine oleate. For solid compositions, conventional nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles can be used which include, for example, pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, talcum, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, magnesium carbonate, and the like.

Pharmaceutical compositions for administering the immunogenic compositions can also be formulated as a solution, microemulsion, or other ordered structure suitable for high concentration of active ingredients. The vehicle can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof. Proper fluidity for solutions can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of a desired particle size in the case of dispersible formulations, and by the use of surfactants. In many cases, it will be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols, such as mannitol and sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the composition. Prolonged absorption of the disclosed antigens can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for example, monostearate salts and gelatin.

In certain embodiments, the disclosed immunogens (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, or a protein nanoparticle including such proteins), or nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogen can be administered in a time-release formulation, for example in a composition that includes a slow release polymer. These compositions can be prepared with vehicles that will protect against rapid release, for example a controlled release vehicle such as a polymer, microencapsulated delivery system or bioadhesive gel. Prolonged delivery in various compositions of the disclosure can be brought about by including in the composition agents that delay absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate hydrogels and gelatin. When controlled release formulations are desired, controlled release binders suitable for use in accordance with the disclosure include any biocompatible controlled release material which is inert to the active agent and which is capable of incorporating the disclosed antigen and/or other biologically active agent. Numerous such materials are known in the art. Useful controlled-release binders are materials that are metabolized slowly under physiological conditions following their delivery (for example, at a mucosal surface, or in the presence of bodily fluids). Appropriate binders include, but are not limited to, biocompatible polymers and copolymers well known in the art for use in sustained release formulations. Such biocompatible compounds are non-toxic and inert to surrounding tissues, and do not trigger significant adverse side effects, such as nasal irritation, immune response, inflammation, or the like. They are metabolized into metabolic products that are also biocompatible and easily eliminated from the body. Numerous systems for controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins are known (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,055,303; U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,837; U.S. Pat. No. 4,235,871; U.S. Pat. No. 4,501,728; U.S. Pat. No. 4,837,028; U.S. Pat. No. 4,957,735; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,369; U.S. Pat. No. 5,055,303; U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,670; U.S. Pat. No. 5,413,797; U.S. Pat. No. 5,268,164; U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,697; U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,505; U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,206; U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,961; U.S. Pat. No. 5,254,342; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,534,496).

Exemplary polymeric materials for use in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, polymeric matrices derived from copolymeric and homopolymeric polyesters having hydrolyzable ester linkages. A number of these are known in the art to be biodegradable and to lead to degradation products having no or low toxicity. Exemplary polymers include polyglycolic acids and polylactic acids, poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), poly(D-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), and poly(L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid). Other useful biodegradable or bioerodable polymers include, but are not limited to, such polymers as poly(epsilon-caprolactone), poly(epsilon-aprolactone-CO-lactic acid), poly(epsilon.-aprolactone-CO-glycolic acid), poly(beta-hydroxy butyric acid), poly(alkyl-2-cyanoacrilate), hydrogels, such as poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polyamides, poly(amino acids) (for example, L-leucine, glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid and the like), poly(ester urea), poly(2-hydroxyethyl DL-aspartamide), polyacetal polymers, polyorthoesters, polycarbonate, polymaleamides, polysaccharides, and copolymers thereof. Many methods for preparing such formulations are well known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, J. R. Robinson, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1978). Other useful formulations include controlled-release microcapsules (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,652,441 and 4,917,893), lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers useful in making microcapsules and other formulations (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,677,191 and 4,728,721) and sustained-release compositions for water-soluble peptides (U.S. Pat. No. 4,675,189).

The pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure typically are sterile and stable under conditions of manufacture, storage and use. Sterile solutions can be prepared by incorporating the conjugate in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated herein, as required, followed by filtered sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the disclosed antigen and/or other biologically active agent into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated herein. In the case of sterile powders, methods of preparation include vacuum drying and freeze-drying which yields a powder of the disclosed antigen plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof. The prevention of the action of microorganisms can be accomplished by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.

Actual methods for preparing administrable compositions will be known or apparent to those skilled in the art and are described in more detail in such publications as Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19^(th) Ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1995.

In several embodiments, the compositions include an adjuvant. The person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with adjuvants, for example, those that can be included in an immunogenic composition. It will be appreciated that the choice of adjuvant can be different in these different applications, and the optimal adjuvant and concentration for each situation can be determined empirically by those of skill in the art.

The pharmaceutical composition typically contains a therapeutically effective amount of a disclosed immunogen (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, or a protein nanoparticle including such proteins), or nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogen, or viral vector can be prepared by conventional techniques. Preparation of immunogenic compositions, including those for administration to human subjects, is generally described in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Vol. 61 Vaccine Design—the subunit and adjuvant approach, edited by Powell and Newman, Plenum Press, 1995. New Trends and Developments in Vaccines, edited by Voller et al., University Park Press, Baltimore, Md., U.S.A. 1978. Encapsulation within liposomes is described, for example, by Fullerton, U.S. Pat. No. 4,235,877. Conjugation of proteins to macromolecules is disclosed, for example, by Likhite, U.S. Pat. No. 4,372,945 and by Armor et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,757. Typically, the amount of antigen in each dose of the immunogenic composition is selected as an amount which induces an immune response without significant, adverse side effects.

The amount of the disclosed immunogen (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, or a protein nanoparticle including such proteins), or nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunogen, or viral vector can vary depending upon the specific antigen employed, the route and protocol of administration, and the target population, for example. For protein therapeutics, typically, each human dose will comprise 1-1000 μg of protein, such as from about 1 μg to about 100 μg, for example, from about 1 μg to about 50 μg, such as about 1 μg, about 2 μg, about 5 μg, about 10 μg, about 15 μg, about 20 μg, about 25 μg, about 30 μg, about 40 μg, or about 50 μg. The amount utilized in an immunogenic composition is selected based on the subject population (e.g., infant or elderly). An optimal amount for a particular composition can be ascertained by standard studies involving observation of antibody titers and other responses in subjects. It is understood that a therapeutically effective amount of a disclosed immunogen, such as a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, viral vector, or nucleic acid molecule in a immunogenic composition, can include an amount that is ineffective at eliciting an immune response by administration of a single dose, but that is effective upon administration of multiple dosages, for example in a prime-boost administration protocol.

In some embodiments, the composition can be provided as a sterile composition. In more embodiments, the composition can be provided in unit dosage form for use to induce an immune response in a subject, for example, to prevent HIV-1 infection in the subject. A unit dosage form contains a suitable single preselected dosage for administration to a subject, or suitable marked or measured multiples of two or more preselected unit dosages, and/or a metering mechanism for administering the unit dose or multiples thereof. In other embodiments, the composition further includes an adjuvant.

J. Therapeutic Methods

The recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, immunogenic fragments thereof, protein nanoparticles, polynucleotides encoding the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins or immunogenic fragments, vectors and compositions, can be used in methods of preventing, inhibiting and treating an HIV-1 infection, as well as methods of inducing an immune response to HIV-1, as described below. In several embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of an immunogenic composition including one or more of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins or immunogenic fragments thereof, or protein nanoparticles of VLPs, or nucleic acid molecule or viral vector encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins or immunogenic fragments thereof, can be administered to a subject in order to generate an immune response to HIV-1.

In some embodiments, a subject is selected for treatment that has, or is at risk for developing, an HIV infection, for example because of exposure or the possibility of exposure to HIV. Following administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, immunogenic fragments thereof, protein nanoparticles, polynucleotides encoding the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins or immunogenic fragments, vectors and compositions, the subject can be monitored for HIV-1 infection, symptoms associated with HIV-1 infection, or both.

Typical subjects intended for treatment with the therapeutics and methods of the present disclosure include humans, as well as non-human primates and other animals. To identify subjects for prophylaxis or treatment according to the methods of the disclosure, accepted screening methods are employed to determine risk factors associated with a targeted or suspected disease or condition, or to determine the status of an existing disease or condition in a subject. These screening methods include, for example, conventional work-ups to determine environmental, familial, occupational, and other such risk factors that may be associated with the targeted or suspected disease or condition, as well as diagnostic methods, such as various ELISA and other immunoassay methods, which are available and well known in the art to detect and/or characterize HIV infection. These and other routine methods allow the clinician to select patients in need of therapy using the methods and pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure. In accordance with these methods and principles, a composition can be administered according to the teachings herein, or other conventional methods known to the person of ordinary skill in the art, as an independent prophylaxis or treatment program, or as a follow-up, adjunct or coordinate treatment regimen to other treatments.

The methods can be used to inhibit, treat or prevent HIV infection in vivo. When inhibiting, treating, or preventing infection in vivo, the methods can be used either to avoid infection in an HIV-seronegative subject (e.g., by inducing an immune response that protects against HIV-1 infection), or to treat existing infection in an HIV-seropositive subject. The HIV-seropositive subject may or may not carry a diagnosis of AIDS. Hence in some embodiments the methods involves selecting a subject at risk for contracting HIV infection, or a subject at risk of developing AIDS (such as a subject with HIV infection), and administering a recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, immunogenic fragments thereof, protein nanoparticles, polynucleotides encoding the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins or immunogenic fragments, vectors and compositions, to the subject.

Treatment of HIV by inhibiting HIV replication or infection can include delaying the development of AIDS in a subject. Treatment of HIV can also include reducing signs or symptoms associated with the presence of HIV (for example by reducing or inhibiting HIV replication). In some examples, treatment using the methods disclosed herein prolongs the time of survival of the subject.

The administration of a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition can be for prophylactic or therapeutic purpose. When provided prophylactically, the disclosed therapeutic agents are provided in advance of any symptom, for example in advance of infection. The prophylactic administration of the disclosed therapeutic agents serves to prevent or ameliorate any subsequent infection. When provided therapeutically, the disclosed therapeutic agents are provided at or after the onset of a symptom of disease or infection, for example after development of a symptom of HIV-1 infection, or after diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. The therapeutic agents can thus be provided prior to the anticipated exposure to HIV virus so as to attenuate the anticipated severity, duration or extent of an infection and/or associated disease symptoms, after exposure or suspected exposure to the virus, or after the actual initiation of an infection.

The immunogenic composition including one or more of the disclosed agents (for example, a recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragments thereof, protein nanoparticles, or VLP), or nucleic acid molecule or viral vector encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, can be used in coordinate vaccination protocols or combinatorial formulations. In certain embodiments, novel combinatorial immunogenic compositions and coordinate immunization protocols employ separate immunogens or formulations, each directed toward eliciting an anti-HIV immune response, such as an immune response to HIV-1 Env protein. Separate immunogenic compositions that elicit the anti-HIV immune response can be combined in a polyvalent immunogenic composition administered to a subject in a single immunization step, or they can be administered separately (in monovalent immunogenic compositions) in a coordinate immunization protocol.

HIV infection does not need to be completely eliminated or reduced or prevented for the methods to be effective. For example, treatment with one or more of the disclosed therapeutic agents can reduce or inhibit HIV infection by a desired amount, for example by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or even at least 100% (elimination or prevention of detectable HIV infected cells), as compared to HIV infection in the absence of the therapeutic agent. In additional examples, HIV replication can be reduced or inhibited by the disclosed methods. HIV replication does not need to be completely eliminated for the method to be effective. For example, treatment with one or more of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticles, polynucleotides encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vectors or compositions can HIV replication by a desired amount, for example by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or even at least 100% (elimination or prevention of detectable HIV replication), as compared to HIV replication in the absence of the therapeutic agent.

To successfully reproduce itself, HIV must convert its RNA genome to DNA, which is then imported into the host cell's nucleus and inserted into the host genome through the action of HIV integrase. Because HIV's primary cellular target, CD4+ T-Cells, can function as the memory cells of the immune system, integrated HIV can remain dormant for the duration of these cells' lifetime. Memory T-Cells may survive for many years and possibly for decades. This latent HIV reservoir can be measured by co-culturing CD4+ T-Cells from infected patients with CD4+ T-Cells from uninfected donors and measuring HIV protein or RNA (See, e.g., Archin et al., AIDS, 22:1131-1135, 2008). In some embodiments, the provided methods of treating or inhibiting HIV infection include reduction or elimination of the latent reservoir of HIV infected cells in a subject. For example, a reduction of at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or even at least 100% (elimination of detectable HIV) of the latent reservoir of HIV infected cells in a subject, as compared to the latent reservoir of HIV infected cells in a subject in the absence of the treatment with one or more of the provided recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, immunogenic fragments thereof, protein nanoparticles, polynucleotides encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vectors or compositions.

Studies have shown that the rate of HIV transmission from mother to infant is reduced significantly when zidovudine is administered to HIV-infected women during pregnancy and delivery and to the offspring after birth (Connor et al., 1994 Pediatr Infect Dis J 14: 536-541). Several studies of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV have demonstrated a correlation between the maternal virus load at delivery and risk of HIV transmission to the child. The disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, immunogenic fragments thereof, protein nanoparticles, polynucleotides encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vectors and compositions are of use in decreasing HIV-transmission from mother to infant. Thus, in some embodiments a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the provided therapeutic agents is administered in order to prevent transmission of HIV, or decrease the risk of transmission of HIV, from a mother to an infant. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of the agent can be administered to a pregnant subject to induce an immune response that generates neutralizing antibodies that are passes to the fetus via the umbilical cord to protect the fetus from infection during birth. In some embodiments, both a therapeutically effective amount of a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition and a therapeutically effective amount of another anti-HIV agent, such as zidovudine, is administered to the mother and/or infant.

Administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition induces a sufficient immune response to treat or inhibit or prevent the pathogenic infection, for example, to inhibit the infection and/or reduce the signs and/or symptoms of the infection. Amounts effective for this use will depend upon the severity of the disease, the general state of the subject's health, and the robustness of the subject's immune system.

For prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, a therapeutically effective amount of a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition can be administered to the subject in a single bolus delivery, via continuous delivery (for example, continuous transdermal, mucosal or intravenous delivery) over an extended time period, or in a repeated administration protocol (for example, by an hourly, daily or weekly, repeated administration protocol). The therapeutically effective dosage of the therapeutic agents can be provided as repeated doses within a prolonged prophylaxis or treatment regimen that will yield clinically significant results to alleviate one or more symptoms or detectable conditions associated with a targeted disease or condition as set forth herein.

In several embodiments, a prime-boost immunization protocol is used, and a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer including that binds to mature and unmutated common ancestor (UCA) forms of multiple classes of broadly neutralizing antibodies (e.g., targeting the CD4 binding site and the V1V2 domain) is used for the prime, and (in some embodiments, also for the boost. Exemplary recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain fur use as a prime in such embodiments are provided herein and include those set forth as SEQ ID NOs: SEQ ID NOs: 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, and 2159.

Determination of effective dosages in this context is typically based on animal model studies followed up by human clinical trials and is guided by administration protocols that significantly reduce the occurrence or severity of targeted disease symptoms or conditions in the subject, or that induce a desired response in the subject (such as a neutralizing immune response). Suitable models in this regard include, for example, murine, rat, porcine, feline, ferret, non-human primate, and other accepted animal model subjects known in the art. Alternatively, effective dosages can be determined using in vitro models (for example, immunologic and histopathologic assays). Using such models, only ordinary calculations and adjustments are required to determine an appropriate concentration and dose to administer a therapeutically effective amount of the composition (for example, amounts that are effective to elicit a desired immune response or alleviate one or more symptoms of a targeted disease). In alternative embodiments, an effective amount or effective dose of the composition may simply inhibit or enhance one or more selected biological activities correlated with a disease or condition, as set forth herein, for either therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.

Dosage can be varied by the attending clinician to maintain a desired concentration at a target site (for example, systemic circulation). Higher or lower concentrations can be selected based on the mode of delivery, for example, trans-epidermal, rectal, oral, pulmonary, or intranasal delivery versus intravenous or subcutaneous delivery. The actual dosage of disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition will vary according to factors such as the disease indication and particular status of the subject (for example, the subject's age, size, fitness, extent of symptoms, susceptibility factors, and the like), time and route of administration, other drugs or treatments being administered concurrently, as well as the specific pharmacology of the composition for eliciting the desired activity or biological response in the subject. Dosage regimens can be adjusted to provide an optimum prophylactic or therapeutic response. As described above in the forgoing listing of terms, a therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental side effects of the disclosed immunogen and/or other biologically active agent is outweighed in clinical terms by therapeutically beneficial effects.

A non-limiting range for a therapeutically effective amount of the disclosed immunogen (e.g., a recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, or nucleic acid encoding such protein, or nanoparticle including such protein) within the methods and immunogenic compositions of the disclosure is about 0.0001 mg/kg body weight to about 10 mg/kg body weight, such as about 0.01 mg/kg, about 0.02 mg/kg, about 0.03 mg/kg, about 0.04 mg/kg, about 0.05 mg/kg, about 0.06 mg/kg, about 0.07 mg/kg, about 0.08 mg/kg, about 0.09 mg/kg, about 0.1 mg/kg, about 0.2 mg/kg, about 0.3 mg/kg, about 0.4 mg/kg, about 0.5 mg/kg, about 0.6 mg/kg, about 0.7 mg/kg, about 0.8 mg/kg, about 0.9 mg/kg, about 1 mg/kg, about 1.5 mg/kg, about 2 mg/kg, about 2.5 mg/kg, about 3 mg/kg, about 4 mg/kg, about 5 mg/kg, or about 10 mg/kg, for example 0.01 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg body weight, about 0.05 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg body weight, about 0.2 mg/kg to about 2 mg/kg body weight, or about 1.0 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg body weight.

In some embodiments, the dosage includes a set amount of a disclosed immunogen (e.g., a recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, or nucleic acid encoding such protein, or nanoparticle including such protein) such as from about 1-300 μg, for example, a dosage of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, or about 300 μg. The dosage and number of doses will depend on the setting, for example, in an adult or anyone primed by prior HIV infection or immunization, a single dose may be a sufficient booster. In naïve subjects, in some examples, at least two doses would be given, for example, at least three doses. In some embodiments, an annual boost is given, for example, along with an annual influenza vaccination.

Actual methods for preparing administrable compositions will be known or apparent to those skilled in the art and are described in more detail in such publications as Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19^(th) Ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1995.

In several embodiments, it may be advantageous to administer the therapeutic agents disclosed herein with other agents such as proteins, peptides, antibodies, and other antiviral agents, such as anti-HIV agents. Examples of such anti-HIV therapeutic agents include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as abacavir, AZT, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, zidovudine, and the like, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as delavirdine, efavirenz, nevirapine, protease inhibitors such as amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, osamprenavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, and the like, and fusion protein inhibitors such as enfuvirtide and the like. In some examples, the disclosed therapeutic agents are administered with T-helper cells, such as exogenous T-helper cells. Exemplary methods for producing and administering T-helper cells can be found in International Patent Publication WO 03/020904, which is incorporated herein by reference.

For any application, treatment with a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition can be combined with anti-retroviral therapy, such as HAART. Antiretroviral drugs are broadly classified by the phase of the retrovirus life-cycle that the drug inhibits. The therapeutic agents can be administered before, during, concurrent to and/or after retroviral therapy. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agents are administered following a course of retroviral therapy. The disclosed therapeutic agents can be administered in conjunction with nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors, Entry inhibitors (or fusion inhibitors), Maturation inhibitors, or a broad spectrum inhibitors, such as natural antivirals. Exemplary agents include lopinavir, ritonavir, zidovudine, lamivudine, tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz.

In some embodiments, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition can be used as an immunogen to prime or induce an immune response (such as a T or B cell response) to HIV-1 in a subject. In some such embodiments, the T cell response is a CD4⁺ T helper cell response, such as a Th1 cell response.

In some embodiments, the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition is administered to the subject simultaneously with the administration of the adjuvant. In other embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition is administered to the subject after the administration of the adjuvant and within a sufficient amount of time to induce the immune response.

The recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition can be used in coordinate vaccination protocols or combinatorial formulations. In certain embodiments, combinatorial and coordinate immunization protocols employ separate immunogens or formulations, each directed toward eliciting an anti-HIV immune response, such as an immune response to HIV-1 Env. Separate immunogenic compositions that elicit the anti-HIV immune response can be combined in a polyvalent immunogenic composition administered to a subject in a single immunization step, or they can be administered separately (in monovalent immunogenic compositions) in a coordinate immunization protocol.

In one embodiment, a suitable immunization regimen includes at least two separate inoculations with one or more immunogenic compositions, with a second inoculation being administered more than about two, about three to eight, or about four, weeks following the first inoculation. A third inoculation can be administered several months after the second inoculation, and in specific embodiments, more than about five months after the first inoculation, more than about six months to about two years after the first inoculation, or about eight months to about one year after the first inoculation. Periodic inoculations beyond the third are also desirable to enhance the subject's “immune memory.” The adequacy of the vaccination parameters chosen, e.g., formulation, dose, regimen and the like, can be determined by taking aliquots of serum from the subject and assaying antibody titers during the course of the immunization program. Alternatively, the T cell populations can be monitored by conventional methods. In addition, the clinical condition of the subject can be monitored for the desired effect, e.g., prevention of HIV-1 infection or progression to AIDS, improvement in disease state (e.g., reduction in viral load), or reduction in transmission frequency to an uninfected partner. If such monitoring indicates that vaccination is sub-optimal, the subject can be boosted with an additional dose of immunogenic composition, and the vaccination parameters can be modified in a fashion expected to potentiate the immune response. Thus, for example, the dose of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition and/or adjuvant can be increased or the route of administration can be changed.

It is contemplated that there can be several boosts, and that each boost can be a different disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition. It is also contemplated in some examples that the boost may be the same recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition as another boost, or the prime.

The prime can be administered as a single dose or multiple doses, for example two doses, three doses, four doses, five doses, six doses or more can be administered to a subject over days, weeks or months. The boost can be administered as a single dose or multiple doses, for example two to six doses, or more can be administered to a subject over a day, a week or months. Multiple boosts can also be given, such one to five, or more. Different dosages can be used in a series of sequential inoculations. For example a relatively large dose in a primary inoculation and then a boost with relatively smaller doses. The immune response against the selected antigenic surface can be generated by one or more inoculations of a subject.

Upon administration of a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition of this disclosure, the immune system of the subject typically responds to the immunogenic composition by producing antibodies specific for HIV-1 Env protein. Such a response signifies that an immunologically effective dose was delivered to the subject.

An immunologically effective dosage can be achieved by single or multiple administrations (including, for example, multiple administrations per day), daily, or weekly administrations. For each particular subject, specific dosage regimens can be evaluated and adjusted over time according to the individual need and professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the immunogenic composition. In some embodiments, the antibody response of a subject will be determined in the context of evaluating effective dosages/immunization protocols. In most instances it will be sufficient to assess the antibody titer in serum or plasma obtained from the subject. Decisions as to whether to administer booster inoculations and/or to change the amount of the therapeutic agent administered to the individual can be at least partially based on the antibody titer level. The antibody titer level can be based on, for example, an immunobinding assay which measures the concentration of antibodies in the serum which bind to an antigen including, for example, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env protein. The methods of using immunogenic composition, and the related compositions and methods of the disclosure are useful in increasing resistance to, preventing, ameliorating, and/or treating infection and disease caused by HIV (such as HIV-1) in animal hosts, and other, in vitro applications.

In certain embodiments, the recombinant HIV-1 Env protein, immunogenic fragment thereof, protein nanoparticle, polynucleotide encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vector or composition is administered sequentially with other anti-HIV therapeutic agents, such as before or after the other agent. One of ordinary skill in the art would know that sequential administration can mean immediately following or after an appropriate period of time, such as hours, days, weeks, months, or even years later.

In additional embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition including a nucleic acid encoding a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof is administered to a subject, for example to generate an immune response. In one specific, non-limiting example, a therapeutically effective amount of a nucleic acid encoding a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, is administered to a subject to treat or prevent or inhibit HIV infection, or to induce an immune response to HIV-1 (such as to gp120) in the subject.

One approach to administration of nucleic acids is direct immunization with plasmid DNA, such as with a mammalian expression plasmid. As described above, the nucleotide sequence encoding a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof can be placed under the control of a promoter to increase expression of the molecule.

Immunization by nucleic acid constructs is well known in the art and taught, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,578 (which describes methods of immunizing vertebrates by introducing DNA encoding a desired antigen to elicit a cell-mediated or a humoral response), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,972 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,637 (which describe operably linking a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antigen to regulatory sequences enabling expression). U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,103 describes several methods of delivery of nucleic acids encoding immunogenic peptides or other antigens to an organism. The methods include liposomal delivery of the nucleic acids (or of the synthetic peptides themselves), and immune-stimulating constructs, or ISCOMS™, negatively charged cage-like structures of 30-40 nm in size formed spontaneously on mixing cholesterol and Quil A™ (saponin). Protective immunity has been generated in a variety of experimental models of infection, including toxoplasmosis and Epstein-Barr virus-induced tumors, using ISCOMS™ as the delivery vehicle for antigens (Mowat and Donachie, Immunol. Today 12:383, 1991). Doses of antigen as low as 1 μg encapsulated in ISCOMS™ have been found to produce Class I mediated CTL responses (Takahashi et al., Nature 344:873, 1990).

In another approach to using nucleic acids for immunization, a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, can also be expressed by attenuated viral hosts or vectors or bacterial vectors. Recombinant vaccinia virus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), herpes virus, retrovirus, cytogmeglo virus or other viral vectors can be used to express the peptide or protein, thereby eliciting a CTL response. For example, vaccinia vectors and methods useful in immunization protocols are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,722,848. BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) provides another vector for expression of the peptides (see Stover, Nature 351:456-460, 1991).

In one embodiment, a nucleic acid encoding a disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof, is introduced directly into cells. For example, the nucleic acid can be loaded onto gold microspheres by standard methods and introduced into the skin by a device such as Bio-Rad's HELIOS™ Gene Gun. The nucleic acids can be “naked,” consisting of plasmids under control of a strong promoter. Typically, the DNA is injected into muscle, although it can also be injected directly into other sites, including tissues in proximity to metastases. Dosages for injection are usually around 0.5 μg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, and typically are about 0.005 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,466).

K. Immunodiagnostic Methods

In addition to the therapeutic methods provided above, any of the disclosed immunogens (for example, disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment thereof) can be utilized to produce antigen specific immunodiagnostic reagents, for example, for serosurveillance. Immunodiagnostic reagents can be designed from any of the antigenic polypeptide described herein. For example, in the case of the disclosed immunogens, the presence of serum antibodies to HIV is monitored using the isolated immunogens disclosed herein, such as to detect an HIV infection and/or the presence of antibodies that specifically bind to HIV-1 Env in a unliganded conformation.

Methods are further provided for a diagnostic assay to monitor HIV-1 induced disease in a subject and/or to monitor the response of the subject to immunization with one or more of the disclosed antigens. By “HIV-1 induced disease” is intended any disease caused, directly or indirectly, by HIV. An example of an HIV-1 induced disease is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The method includes contacting a disclosed immunogen with a sample of bodily fluid from the subject, and detecting binding of antibodies in the sample to the disclosed immunogens. In addition, the detection of the HIV-1 binding antibody also allows the response of the subject to immunization with the disclosed antigen to be monitored. In still other embodiments, the titer of the HIV-1 binding antibodies is determined. The binding can be detected by any means known to one of skill in the art, including the use of labeled secondary antibodies that specifically bind the antibodies from the sample. Labels include radiolabels, enzymatic labels, and fluorescent labels. In other embodiments, a disclosed immunogen is used to isolate antibodies present in a subject or biological sample obtained from a subject.

Generally, the method includes contacting a sample from a subject, such as, but not limited to a blood, serum, plasma, urine or sputum sample from the subject with one or more of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins or immunogenic fragments thereof (including a polymeric form thereof) and detecting binding of antibodies in the sample to the disclosed immunogens. The binding can be detected by any means known to one of skill in the art, including the use of labeled secondary antibodies that specifically bind the antibodies from the sample. Labels include radiolabels, enzymatic labels, and fluorescent labels.

L. Kits

Any immunodiagnostic or therapeutic reagents can be provided as components of a kit. Optionally, such a kit includes additional components including packaging, instructions and various other reagents, such as buffers, substrates, antibodies or ligands, such as control antibodies or ligands, and detection reagents. The kit can include a container and a label or package insert on or associated with the container. Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, etc. The containers may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic. The container typically holds a composition including one or more of the disclosed recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, immunogenic fragments thereof, protein nanoparticles, polynucleotides encoding a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain or immunogenic fragment, vectors or compositions, which is effective for treating, preventing, diagnosing, monitoring HIV infection or immune response. In several embodiments the container may have a sterile access port (for example the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle). The label or package insert indicates that the composition is used for treating the particular condition.

The label or package insert typically will further include instructions for use of an antigen, or a nucleic acid or a viral vector encoding, expressing or including the antigen, for example, in a method of treating or preventing a HIV infection. The package insert typically includes instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, contraindications and/or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products. The instructional materials may be written, in an electronic form (such as a computer diskette or compact disk) or may be visual (such as video files). The kits may also include additional components to facilitate the particular application for which the kit is designed. The kits may additionally include buffers and other reagents routinely used for the practice of a particular method. Such kits and appropriate contents are well known to those of skill in the art.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are provided to illustrate particular features of certain embodiments, but the scope of the claims should not be limited to those features exemplified.

Example 1 Structure, Activation, and Immune Recognition of Prefusion HIV-1 Env

This example illustrates the structure, activation, and immune recognition of prefusion HIV-1 Env. The HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer, comprising three gp120 and three gp41 subunits, is a conformational machine that facilitates HIV-1 entry by rearranging from a mature unliganded state, through receptor-bound intermediates, to a postfusion state. This example shows the structure at 3.5-Å resolution for an HIV-1-Env trimer bound by antibodies PGT122 and 35O22. This structure reveals the prefusion conformation of gp41, indicates rearrangements needed for fusion activation, and defines parameters of immune evasion for the antigenic target of most neutralizing antibodies. Prefusion gp41 encircles extended N- and C-terminal strands of gp120 with a 4-helix collar, which is fastened by insertion of a fusion peptide-proximal methionine into a gp41-tryptophan clasp. Spike rearrangements required for entry likely involve opening the clasp and expelling the termini. N-linked glycosylation and sequence-variable regions cover the mature ectodomain trimer: the prevalence and location of effective neutralizing responses from seroconverter and chronic cohorts are mapped, and alterations that stabilize its conformation are identified.

Initially synthesized as a gp160 precursor, which is cleaved into gp120 and gp41 subunits, the trimeric HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer displays unusual posttranslational processing including the addition of 25-30 N-linked glycans per gp120-gp41 protomer, tyrosine sulfation, and slow signal peptide cleavage. It rearranges from a mature unliganded state that evades antibody recognition, through intermediate states that bind to receptors CD4 and co-receptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4), to a postfusion state (reviewed in Wyatt, R. & Sodroski, Science 280, 1884-1888, 1998). Over the last 20 years substantial atomic-level detail has been obtained on these states, including structures of receptor-bound gp120 (Kwong et al. Nature 393, 648-659, 1998), postfusion gp41 (Chan at al., Cell 89, 263-273, 1997; Weissenhorn et al., Nature 387, 426-430, 1997), and the trimeric arrangement of prefusion gp120 along with two gp41 helices, one of which was aligned in sequence (Chan at al., Cell 89, 263-273, 1997; Weissenhom et al., Nature 387, 426-430, 1997). The prefusion structure of gp41 has, however, resisted atomic-level analysis. Because the primary structural rearrangement driving membrane fusion is the gp41 transition from prefusion to postfusion conformations, the lack of a prefusion gp41 structure has stymied attempts to provide a coherent picture of the conformational rearrangements the spike undergoes to facilitate entry.

Here, neutralizing antibodies PGT122 (Walker et al., Nature 477, 466-470, 2011) and 35O22 were used to capture the HIV-1 ectodomain trimer in a mature near-native state. Crystals of the antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) of these two antibodies were obtained in complex with a soluble, cleaved, Env trimer construct (BG505 SOSIP.664; Sanders et al., Journal of virology 76, 8875-8889, 2002; Julien et al., PNAS 110, 4351-4356, 2013; Sanders, PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618, 2013) and the structure of this elusive immunological target was determined at atomic-level detail. Analysis of this structure in the context of previously determined gp120 and gp41 structures affords a mechanistic understanding of the conformational transitions the ectodomain trimer undergoes to facilitate virus entry. Delineate aggregate parameters of glycan shielding and genetic variation were determined and a cohort serum was used to determine where the immune system succeeds in recognizing the HIV-1 ectodomain trimer. Analysis of the mature HIV-1-Env structure and its conformational rearrangements, combined with an understanding of its evasion from and vulnerabilities to the immune system, provide an information matrix which can be exploited to manipulate this critical vaccine target.

Structure Determination and Overall Structure.

Atomic-level information for virtually all of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain has been obtained as antibody-bound Env complexes (FIG. 17). FIG. 17 illustrates structure determination as deposited as PDB Accession Nos. 1GGI (Stanfield et al., PNAS, 90, 6325-6329, 1993), 1GC1 (Kwong et al., Nature, 393, 648-659, 1998), 1F58 (Stanfield et al., Structure, 7, 131-142, 1999), 1B03 (Tugarinov et al., Nat. Struct. Biol., 6, 331-335, 1999), 2F5B (Pai et al., Patent No. CA2371929), 1TJI (Ofek et al., J. Virol., 78, 10724-10737, 2004), 1TZG (Cardoso et al., Immunity, 22, 163-173, 2005), 2B4C (Huang et al., Science, 310, 1025-1028, 2005), 2CMR (Luftig et al., Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 13, 740-747, 2006), 2FX7 (Cardoso et al., J. Mol. Biol., 365, 1533-1544, 2007), 3JWD (Pancera et al., PNAS, 107, 1166-1171, 2010), 3U2S (McLellan et al., Nature, 480, 336-343, 2011), 4G6F (Huang et al., Nature, 491, 406-412, 2012), 4CC8 (Bartesaghi et al., Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 20, 1352-1357, 2013), 4NCO (Julien et al. Science 342, 1477-1483, 2013), and 3J5M (Lymunkis et al., Science, 342, 1484-1490, 2013).

The recently determined electron microscopy (EM) reconstruction (Lyumkis et al., Science 342, 1484-1490, 2013) and crystal structure (Julien et al., Science 342, 1477-1483, 2013) of a soluble cleaved HIV-1 Env based on the BG505 SOSIP.664 construct were no exceptions, in particular—while an artificial disulfide and other modification of the SOSIP.664 construct were critical for production of homogeneous, soluble, cleaved trimers (Ringe et al., PNAS 110, 18256-18261, 2013)—antibody PGT122 appeared to facilitate crystallization of a near-native mature state (Julien et al., Science 342, 1477-1483, 2013). Diffraction from crystals of the PGT122 complex, however, extended to only 4.7-Å resolution hampering the trace of non-helical regions of gp41 as well as the placement and registry of side chains (Julien et al., Science 342, 1477-1483, 2013). Addition of antibody 35O22 to PGT122-bound viral spike in the membrane-bound virion context showed single-molecule fluorescent resonance energy transfer (smFRET) responses that closely resembled that of the mature native unliganded ectodomain trimer (FIG. 1a , FIG. 7; Munro et al. Biophysical Journal 104, 415A, 2013). In the context of crystallization, addition of 35O22 to the PGT122-BG505 SOSIP.664 complex led to ternary complex crystals in space group P6₃. While diffraction was anisotropic, we succeeded in collecting ˜3.5-Å data from a single crystal (57.2% complete with 2.2 I/σ in the 3.49-3.68 Å shell with 3 I/σ measurements extending to 2.9 Å along the 6-fold axis) (FIG. 14; FIG. 18). Structure solution by molecular replacement with free structures of Fab PGT122 (Julien et al., PLoS pathogens 9, e1003342, 201) and Fab 35O22 and antibody-bound gp120 (Georgiev et al., Science 340, 751-756, 2013) followed by model building and refinement revealed a double antibody-bound protomer to occupy the asymmetric unit and led to an Rwork/Rfree of 21.35%/24.80%. The final model, comprising PGT122 and 35O22 Fabs, residues 31-505 of gp120 (except 185a-186 and 399-410 in variable regions V2 and V4, respectively) and residues 518-664 of gp41 (except 548-568) along with 22-N-linked glycans and 10-sulfate ions is shown in FIG. 1B (for clarity, from this point forwards in this Example, residue numbers are cited with a subscript defining the molecule). 35O22 interactions with the HIV-1-Env trimer are shown in FIG. 8, and comparison of bound vs. unbound Fab structures is shown in FIG. 9.

Overall, the HIV-1 ectodomain trimer forms a 3-blade propeller, capped at the membrane-distal apex by trimer association domains with antibodies PGT122 and 35O22 binding to membrane-distal and membrane-proximal ends, respectively, of the ectodomain trimer (FIG. 10). Protomer interactions occur through the trimer association domains at the membrane-distal portion of the ectodomain trimer and also through gp41, primarily between helical interactions around the trimer axis. No trimeric interactions are contributed by the gp120 core: indeed, a cleft or opening is found under the trimer association domains along the 3-fold axis where such associations might occur. The trimeric gp41 forms a platform, through which the gp120 termini extend towards the viral membrane (FIG. 1b ). Unusually slow signal peptide cleavage, which keeps the N terminus of gp120 proximal to the membrane during the folding, may facilitate gp41 folding.

Prefusion Structure of Gp41.

Prefusion gp41 wraps its hydrophobic core around extended N- and C-termini-strands of gp120 (FIG. 2a ). It forms a 4-helix collar comprising helices α6 (Met530_(gp41)-Asn543_(gp41)), α7 (Gly572_(gp41)-Ile595_(gp41)—which aligns in sequence with the C-terminal portion of the postfusion HR1 helix), α8 (Leu619_(gp41)-Trp623_(gp41)), and α9 (Trp628_(gp41)-Asp664_(gp41)—which aligns in sequence with the postfusion HR2 helix) (the numbering of prefusion gp41-helices and -strands continues the nomenclature established for the gp120 subunit, which ends with helix α5 and strand β26). The first residue of gp41 visible in the electron density corresponds to Val518_(gp41), in the fusion peptide. An extended stretch connects to Leu523_(gp41), which interacts hydrophobically with Trp45_(gp120) and Ile84_(gp120), both of which are part of the 7-stranded β-sandwich around which the gp120-inner domain is organized (Pancera PNAS 107, 1166-1171, 2010; Finzi et al., Molecular cell 37, 656-667, 2010). The main chain of gp41 follows gp120-strand β0 away from the trimer axis towards the viral membrane, until residue Met530_(gp41), where the fold reverses itself and extends through the α6 helix towards the trimer axis and away from the viral membrane. Density between residues 547_(gp41) and 569_(gp41) is sparse (FIG. 19), and ultimately connects to α7, which forms a coiled-coil with itself around the trimer axis, extending from the middle of the HIV-1 ectodomain trimer towards the viral membrane. At the end of α7 is the gp41-cysteine loop (spanned by the Cys598_(gp41)-Cys604_(gp41) disulfide), whose C-terminal residues initiate strand β27 (Leu602_(gp41)-Thr606_(gp41)), which hydrogen bonds in anti-parallel fashion with strand 3-4 from the N terminus of gp120. The intersubunit disulfide (‘SOS’) between residues 501_(gp120) and 605_(gp41) welds the C terminus of gp120 to the membrane-proximal end of strand 3-4 (FIG. 2a ). These membrane-proximal interactions are further stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, which gp41 makes with the N and C termini of gp120—such as between Trp35_(gp120) and Pro609_(gp41) and between Trp610_(gp41) and Pro498_(gp120). Upon passing the gp120 termini, gp41 reaches α8, whose C terminus aligns spatially with the N terminus of α6. After α8, the α9 helix reverses direction, again wraps past the N- and C-termini of gp120, before extending horizontally along the rim of the ectodomain trimer to reach the gp120 termini from a neighboring protomer.

Topologically, the gp41 subunit completes a single circle around the gp120 termini with the insertion of a hydrophobic prong comprising the side chain of Met530_(gp41) (which is located at the start of α6, proximal to the fusion peptide), into a triple tryptophan-clasp formed by Trp623_(gp41) (from the end of α8), Trp628_(gp41) (from the start of α9) and Trp631_(gp41) (one turn into α9) (FIG. 2a insert). The alignment of dipoles from helices α6 and α8 likely provides electrostatic complementarity that help to stabilize the neighboring methionine-tryptophan clasp.

Within a single protomer, the buried surface between gp41 and gp120 totals 5,268 Å², including 216 Å² from glycan-protein interactions (FIG. 25). A substantial portion of this is hydrophobic: gp41 essentially wraps its hydrophobic core around the N- and C-termini of gp120 (FIG. 2b ). Trimer interfaces also bury a large surface area (3,138 Å² contributed by each protomer, comprising 1,917 Å² from the gp41-gp41 interface, 861 Å² from the gp120-gp120 interface and 360 Å² from the gp120-gp41 interface) (FIGS. 20 and 25). Close to the trimer axis, these involve helix α7, as well as the N-terminal portion of the gp41-cysteine loop. Further from the trimer axis, interactions involve α9. Other than interactions of α7, most of the interprotomer interactions are hydrophilic (FIG. 2c , FIG. 20B). Overall, the prefusion structure of gp41 as well as its trimeric arrangement appears to have no close structural relatives in the PDB (FIG. 26).

Prefusion to Postfusion Gp41 Transition.

To understand the conformational transition from prefusion to postfusion gp41, the gp41-prefusion structure in the near-native HIV-1 Env trimer was compared with previously determined postfusion structures (FIG. 3). Several postfusion gp41 structures have been determined ranging from a minimal, protease-treated, crystal structure (residues 556_(gp41)-581_(gp41); 628_(gp41)-661_(gp41); PDB 1AIK; Chan at al., Cell 89, 263-273, 1997) with 80% sequence identity to BG505 (Wu et al. Journal of virology 80, 835-844, 2006) to a more complete gp41 structure (residues 531_(gp41)-581_(gp41); 624-681_(gp41); PDB 2X7R; Buzon et al. PLoS pathogens 6, e1000880, 2010) and an NMR structure that includes the cysteine loop (residues 539_(gp41)-665_(gp41); PDB 2EZO; Caffrey, M. et al. EMBO 17, 4572-4584 (1998) of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which shares 48% sequence identity with BG505 (Wu et al. Journal of virology 80, 835-844, 2006) and is substantially similar to the HIV-1 structures (less than 1-Å Cα root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) between overlapping residues of 1AIK and 2EZO). To provide comparison with a “complete” postfusion structure, a chimera of HIV-1/SIV structures was prepared (FIG. 21). Distance difference analysis (FIG. 3B) of prefusion and postfusion structures indicated two regions of substantial similarity, corresponding to (i) the prefusion α7 helix aligned with the C-terminal half of the postfusion HR1 helix and (ii) the prefusion α9 helix aligned with much of the postfusion HR2 helix. Superposition of prefusion α7 and postfusion HR1 placed residues 569_(gp41)-593_(gp41) within 5 Å, with a rmsd of 1.35 Å. For this superposition to occur, Ca-movements of over 80 Å are required for the gp41-fusion peptide and a6 helix as well as for the C-terminal portion of the α9 helix. Notably, this superposition preserves the coiled coil trimeric interaction of both prefusion and postfusion molecules and thus likely mimics the natural conformational transition that occurs during membrane fusion. Meanwhile, superposition of prefusion α9 and postfusion HR2 placed residues 634_(gp41)-664_(gp41) within 5 Å, with a rmsd of 3.58 Å; the substantial alignment of the α9 and HR2 helices indicate that the HR2 helix is mostly preformed in the prefusion structure.

Entry Rearrangements of HIV-1 Env.

Biosynthesis of HIV-1 Env starts with an uncleaved gp160 trimer. Binding by antibodies PG9 and PGT145 to both uncleaved and mature Env indicate the trimer association domains at the spike apex likely assume conformations similar to that observed for the mature ectodomain trimer (Walker et al., Nature 477, 466-470, 2011; Walker et al. Science 326, 285-289, 2009) (FIG. 27). The structure of gp41 in the uncleaved state remains unknown, but antigenic differences with the mature cleaved state (Blattner et al. Immunity 40, 669-680, 2014; Falkowska et al. Immunity 40, 657-668, 2014) suggest a distinct gp41 conformation; in the prefusion HIV-1-Env structure, the observed C terminus of gp120 at residue 505_(gp120) and N terminus of gp41 at residue 518_(gp41) are 37 Å apart, a distance which cleavage may help the prefusion structure to accommodate. After cleavage, the ectodomain trimer condenses into the closed near-native mature structure described here. In the gp120-inner domain, helix α-1 is formed, and a parallel strand exists between β3 and β21; in gp41, helix α7 was observed to begin around residue 571_(gp41). A partially open ectodomain trimer conformation has been reported at 6 Å by EM reconstruction (Bartesaghi, Nature structural & molecular biology 20, 1352-1357, 2013). The trimer association domains appear to be displaced from the trimeric axis, and helical density suggests helix α7 to start several turns earlier, extending ˜20 Å towards the target cell membrane; we modeled these rearrangements with a rigid body motion of 6 degrees of the gp120 protomer and by the conversion of ˜15 residues of helix α6 and connecting stretch into helix α7 (FIG. 3D, middle panel; 15).

The CD4-bound state has been visualized by a number of EM reconstructions (Liu, Nature 455, 109-113, 2008; White et al. PLoS pathogens 6, e1001249, 2010) and atomic-level structures (Kwong et al. Nature 393, 648-659, 1998; Pancera PNAS 107, 1166-1171, 2010). In this state, V1V2 separates from V3: V3 points towards the target cell (Huang et al. Science 310, 1025-1028, 2005), and the bridging sheet (Kwong et al. Nature 393, 648-659, 1998) assembles with β2 forming antiparallel hydrogen bonds with β21 (as opposed to the parallel β3-β21 interaction of the near-native mature state; notably, the only parallel β-strand in the RSV F glycoprotein prefusion structure also changes conformation in RSV F pre- to postfusion transition; McLellan et al. Science 340, 1113-1117, 2013). With layer 1 of the inner domain (Finzi et al., Molecular cell 37, 656-667, 2010), helix α0 forms and Gln428_(gp120) and strand β21 invert; and in layer 2, inner domain rearrangements include the swapping of distinct perpendicular interactions of Trp112_(gp120) and Trp427_(gp120) (FIG. 11). CD4 binding allows HR2 peptide analogues (such as T20 or C34) to bind (Yuan et al., Journal of virology 78, 5448-5457, 2004; and helix α7 can be modeled starting as early as 554_(gp41) with Met530_(gp41) still in its membrane-proximal tryptophan clasp (FIG. 22), as expected because 35O22 binds the CD4-bound SOSIP (FIGS. 16 and 23). It is expected that Env-CCR5 interactions (Huang et al., Science 317, 1930-1934, 2007) bring the CD4-bound state close to the target cell membrane, where the “de-assembling α6/assembling α7 helices” coupled to release of the Met530_(gp41) prong from its tryptophan clasp ultimately amasses the gp41-fusion peptide(s) (FIG. 3d , 2 nd panel from right).

At this receptor-bound stage, it is easy to imagine the fusion peptide penetrating the target cell membrane, while β27 gp41-cysteine loop remains hydrogen bonded to the gp120 termini (and with the C terminus of the gp41 ectodomain is in the viral membrane). Rearrangement of gp41 to its postfusion conformation may be triggered by gp120 shedding (Moore et al., Science 250, 1139-1142, 1990), with expulsion of its termini tugging on the gp41-cysteine loop and destabilizing the prefusion gp41 core. We note that the three tryptophans that make up the gp41-tryptophan clasp are essential to the folding of the post-fusion coiled coil, so they appear to be critical in both conformations (FIG. 24). The MPER region likely associates with a number of lipids assisting the fusion of viral and target cell membrane.

HIV-1 Rearrangements and Other Type 1 Fusion Machines.

To determine whether the distinct elements observed in prefusion gp41 were preserved elsewhere, prefusion and postfusion states of other type I fusion machines from influenza virus (a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses; Wilson et al., Nature 289, 366-373, 1981, Bullough et al., Nature 371, 37-43, 1994), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; Paramyxoviridae, McLellan et al. Science 340, 1113-1117, 2013, McLellan et al., Journal of virology 85, 7788-7796, 2011), and Ebola virus (Filoviridae, Weissenhorn et al., Molecular cell 2, 605-616, 1998, Lee et al., Nature 454, 177-182, 2008) were examined (FIG. 4a ). In all cases, a helix was observed in the gp41-prefusion equivalents, which corresponds in sequence to the C-terminal portion of the helix, which in the postfusion conformation, comprises the internal coiled coil characteristic of type I fusion machines (FIG. 4b ). With prefusion machines from HIV-1, influenza, and Ebola, the nascent prefusion helix adopts a coiled coil; with RSV, a coiled coil assembles immediately N terminal to the nascent postfusion helix. Despite dramatic differences in gp120-equivalents, similarity is also observed in the overall topology of subunit interactions. Notably, all of the gp41-equivalents wrap hydrophobic residues around extended termini (or terminus) of their gp120-equivalents (FIG. 4c ). With influenza, it is only the N terminus of the gp120-equivalent (HA1) that is wrapped by the gp41-equivalent (HA2), with the N terminus of HA2 completing about 20% more than a single encirclement. With RSV, it is also only the N terminus of the gp120 equivalent (F2) that is wrapped by the gp41-equivalent (F1), and the termini do not have to be expelled to transition to the postfusion form. With Ebola, the gp41-equivalent (gp2) wraps around both N and C termini-strands of the gp120-equivalent (gp1), completing about 70% of a single encirclement. Overall, the similarity in prefusion folding topology and in prefusion and post-fusion inner helices observed here, along with the previously observed similarity in postfusion coiled coils (reviewed in Colman et al., Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology 4, 309-319, 2003), provide a more general and integrated view of the conformational rearrangements that type 1 fusion machines undergo to facilitate virus-cell membrane fusion.

Glycan Shield and Genetic Variation of Mature Unliganded Env.

The mature unliganded conformation of HIV-1 Env is the target of most neutralizing antibodies. Substantial detail has already been reported regarding antibody recognition of gp120 in this conformation (Julien et al., Science 342, 1477-1483, 2013; Lyumkis et al., Science 342, 1484-1490, 2013). The newly revealed structure of a near-complete gp120-gp41 Env trimer provides an opportunity to understand aggregate properties of glycosylation and variation. Glycan shielding and genetic variation have long been recognized as mechanisms to avoid recognition by antibody (Wyatt et al., Nature 393, 705-711., 1998). The BG505 SOSIP.664 sequence contains 28 sequons specifying N-linked glycosylation (including a T332N mutation). We modeled high mannose glycans (either Man9 or Man5) on each sequon and calculated accessible surface for radii ranging from 1.4 Å (the radius of a water molecule) to 10 Å (the approximate radius of a single immunoglobulin domain) (FIG. 12). In the Man9-glycosylated structure, 29% of the protein surface was solvent accessible, whereas only 3% of the surface was immunoglobulin-domain accessible. By contrast, with the fusion glycoproteins from influenza and RSV, 14% and 48%, respectively, of these surfaces were immunoglobulin-domain accessible (FIG. 5a ).

In terms of genetic variation, the per-residue Shannon entropy of 3,943 sequences of HIV-1 was calculated (FIG. 5b ). Approximately 50% of the surface was shown to have a variability of greater than 10%, a degree of surface variation shared by influenza, but not by RSV. When glycan shielding and genetic variation were combined, only ˜2% of the surface was immunoglobulin accessible with a variability of less than 10% (FIG. 5c , upper panels); much of this conserved surface occurred at the membrane-proximal “base” of the ectodomain trimer, which is expected to be sterically occluded by the viral membrane. To determine how this fully assembled shield compared to other conformations, the immunoglobulin accessibility of the CD4-bound conformation was also assessed (FIG. 5c ). Notably the CD4-bound conformation showed substantially higher percentage of glycan-free, conserved surface, providing insight into the greater ease by which antibodies reactive with the CD4-bound conformation are elicited—and by contrast, the difficulty in eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies against the variable, glycan-covered mature state.

Serologic Recognition of Mature Env.

Despite the multiple mechanisms of evasion shielding mature HIV-1 Env, potent broadly neutralizing antibodies do develop (Hraber et al. AIDS 28, 163-169, 2014). Many of these, including the PGT122 and 35O22 co-crystallized here, require N-linked glycosylation to bind; indeed, 35O22 utilizes a new mode of glycan recognition, involving a framework 3 insertion to create a “bowl” that cups glycan N88_(gp120) (FIG. 8). The near-native mature prefusion structure of HIV-1 Env allows us to map known epitopes (FIG. 6a ) and to compare the recognition of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies, with those capable of neutralizing influenza virus and RSV. Notably, the epitopes for broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies were significantly more glycosylated and variable (FIG. 6b ).

To determine the location and prevalence of effective humoral responses, a serological analysis was used that determined sites of HIV-1 vulnerability to antibody based on serum neutralization of a panel of diverse HIV-1 isolates (Georgiev et al., Science 340, 751-756, 2013). Sera from a cohort that had been infected for 2-3 years as well as sera from a cohort of donors that had been infected for more than 5 years were assessed on a panel of 21 diverse HIV-1 isolates, and the neutralization phenotypes assigned to 12 prototypic antibody-neutralization fingerprints (FIG. 6c , FIG. 13). We then mapped the responses to the surface of the near-native mature HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer (FIG. 6d ). The most prevalent response corresponded to the glycan V3 epitope epitomized by antibody PGT128. CD4-binding site-directed responses and also V1V2-directed responses were prevalent. Overall, responses to both cohorts were highly correlated indicating little evolution in the location or prevalence of effective neutralizing responses between 2-3 years and 5+ years. Notably, when mapping Env sites of vulnerability to neutralizing antibody, the majority of prevalent sites corresponded to Env surfaces covered by N-linked glycosylation and/or of high sequence variability. Overall, mapping of the location of cohort humoral responses directly visualized prevalent targets of vaccine relevance (FIG. 6e ).

Viral Evasion and Immune Recognition.

In addition to merging virus and host cell membranes as an essential step in entry, viral fusion machines must contend with antibody-mediated neutralization. With RSV, peak infection occurs at 6-12 months of life, when maternal antibodies wane; with influenza virus, natural infection elicits strain-specific antibodies, and evasion occurs seasonally on a global scale. HIV-1, however, confronts the immune system in each individual directly, often presenting high titers of Env antigens over years of chronic infection. These differences in evasion are reflected in structural difference in the fusion machines. The structure of the HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer revealed here allows the molecular trickery behind single spike entry (Yang et al., Journal of virology 79, 12132-12147, 2005), glycan shielding (Wei, X. et al. Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1. Nature 422, 307-312, 2003), and conformational masking (Kwong et al. Nature 420, 678-682, 2002) to be visualized at the atomic level (FIG. 31). Thus, avoidance of antibody avidity through the ability of a single HIV-1 spike to fuse viral and target cell membranes (Yang et al., Journal of virology 79, 12132-12147, 2005) is likely assisted by the membrane-proximity of the co-receptor and the membrane-associating MPER regions (FIG. 3); despite these differences, the HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer appears to share mechanism and topology with other type 1 fusion machines (FIG. 4). In terms of glycan shielding (Wei, X. et al. Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1. Nature 422, 307-312, 2003), we have modeled the structure of a fully assembled glycan shield for a tier II transmitted founder virus (Wu et al. Journal of virology 80, 835-844, 2006) (FIG. 5). While glycan masking appears complete at the HIV-1-spike apex, closer to the membrane substantial “holes” are observed. And with conformational masking (Kwong et al. Nature 420, 678-682, 2002), evasion is optimal for the prefusion mature closed state, with CD4-binding unmasking conserved glycan-free surfaces (FIG. 5c ). Despite extraordinary glycosylation and sequence variation, the human immune system appears up to the challenge of generating broadly neutralizing antibodies (FIG. 6). It is noted that recognition of glycosylation appears to be a trait common only to broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies, although broad influenza virus-neutralizing antibodies do appear to tolerate epitope-sequence variation (FIG. 6b ). The structure of the HIV-1-Env ectodomain trimer described here thus reveals not only commonalities in entry and evasion with other type 1 fusion machines, but also commonalities in recognition by the human immune system.

Methods

BG505 SOSIP.664 Expression and Purification.

The crystallized HIV-1-Env construct from strain BG505 was synthesized as described in (Julien et al., Science, 342, 1477-1483, 2013; Julien et al., Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 110, 4351-4356, 2013; Sanders et al., PLoS pathogens, 9, e1003618, 2013), using BG505 GenBank® Acc. Nos., using BG505 GenBank accession numbers ABA61516 and DQ208458 (Wu et al. Journal of virology 80, 835-844, 2006), including the “SOS” mutations (A501C, T605C), the isoleucine to proline mutation at residue 559 (I559P), and the glycan site at residue 332 (T332N); mutating the cleavage site to 6R (REKR to RRRRR); and truncating the C terminus to residue 664 (all HIV-1 Env numbering according to the HX nomenclature). This construct is referred to as BG505 SOSIP.664 herein.

The construct was cotransfected with furin in HEK 293 S GnTI−/− cells using 600 μgs plasmid DNA and 150 μgs of furin as described previously (Sanders, PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618, 2013). Transfection supernatants were harvested after 7 days, and passed over either a 2G12 antibody- or VRC01 antibody-affinity column. After washing with PBS, bound proteins were eluted with 3M MgCl₂, 10 mM Tris pH 8.0. The eluate was concentrated to less than 5 ml with Centricon-70 and applied to a Superdex 200 column, equilibrated in 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.02% azide. The peak corresponding to trimeric HIV-1 Env was identified, pooled, and concentrated or flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

Fab Expression and Purification.

PGT122 and 35O22 IgGs were expressed as previously described (McLellan et al., Nature 480, 336-343, 2011). Heavy chain plasmids containing an HRV3C cleavage site after Lys 218 in the hinge region were co-transfected with light chain plasmids in 293F (35O22) or GnTI−/− (PGT122, which is glycosylated) using TrueFect-Max transfection reagent (United Biosystems) according to manufacturer's protocol. Cultures were fed with fresh 293FreeStyle media (Life Technologies) 4 h post-transfection and with HyClone SFM4HEK293 enriched medium (HyClone) containing valproic acid (4 mM final concentration) 24 h after transfection. Cultures were then incubated at 33° C. for 6 days, and supernatants harvested and passed over a protein A affinity column. After PBS wash and low pH elution, pH of eluate was neutralized with 1M Tris pH 8.5. Fabs were obtained using HRV3C digestion and collecting flow-thru from protein A column to remove Fc fraction. Fabs were further purified over Superdex 200 in 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.02% azide.

Ternary Complex Preparation.

PGT122 and 35O22 Fabs were added to a solution of purified trimeric BG505 SOSIP.664 in 5 fold molar excess for 30 min at room temperature (RT). The complex was then partially deglycosylated by adding Endo H (50 μl) for 1 hour at RT in the gel filtration buffer. The complex was then purified over gel filtration equilibrated in 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.02% azide. Fractions were pooled, concentrated down to 5-10 OD₂₈₀/mL and used immediately for crystal screening or flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at −80° C. until further use.

Crystallization screening. The ternary complex was screened for crystallization using 572 conditions from Hampton, Wizard and Precipitant Synergy (Majeed, S. et al. Structure 11, 1061-1070 (2003) screens using a Cartesian Honeybee crystallization robot as described previously (McLellan et al., Nature 480, 336-343, 2011) and a mosquito robot using 0.1 μl of reservoir solution and 0.1 μl of protein solution. Crystals suitable for structural determination grew in 0.2M Li₂SO₄, 6.65% PEG 1500, 20% isopropanol and 0.1M sodium acetate pH 5.5. Crystals were reproduced in hanging droplets containing 0.5 μl of reservoir solution and 0.5 μl of protein solution. The final crystals were obtained in 16% isopropanol, 5.32% PEG 1500, 0.2M Li₂SO₄, 0.1M Na acetate pH 5.5. The crystals were cryoprotected in a solution of 15% 2R3R-butanediol, 5% isopropanol in paratone N and data were collected at a wavelength of 1.00 Å at the SER-CAT beamline ID-22 (Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory).

X-Ray Data Collection, Structure Solution and Model Building.

Diffraction data were processed with the HKL2000 suite (Otwinowski and Minor, Meth. Enzymol., 276, 307-326, 1997). The data were corrected for anisotropy by services.mbi.ucla.edu/anisoscale/with truncations to 3.5 Å, 3.5 Å, 3.1 Å along a, b, and c axes, respectively. Structure solution was obtained with Phaser using gp120 (PDB ID: 4J6R; Georgiev et al., Science 340, 751-756, 2013), PGT122 (PDB ID: 4JY5; Julien et al., PLoS pathogens 9, e1003342, 2013) and 35O22Fv as search models. Refinement was carried out with Phenix (Adams et al. J Synchrotron Radiat, 11, 53-55, 2004) imposing PGT122, 35O22 and gp120 model-based refinement restraint during initial round of refinement. Model building was carried out with Coot (Emsley and Cowtan, Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 60, 2126-2132, 2004). The Ramachandran plot as determined by MOLPROBITY (Davis et al., Nucleic Acids Res, 32, W615-619, 2004) showed 92.66% of all residues in favored regions and 99.03% of all residues in allowed regions. Data collection and refinement statistics are shown in FIG. 14.

Smfret.

Peptides for site-specific fluorescent labeling were inserted into HIV-1_(JR-FL) gp160 at positions that did not interfere with Env function by overlap extension PCR. Tagged virus was purified and labelled with Cy3B and Cy5(4S)COT fluorophores, and surface immobilized for imaging via total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy as described (Munro et al. Biophysical Journal 104, 415A, 2013). Labelled virus was pre-incubated for 30 min with 0.1 mg/ml PGT122 or 35O22, or with both PGT122 and 35O22 prior to imaging. Fluorescence trajectories were acquired at 25 frames/s. Traces that presented anticorrelated fluctuations in fluorescence intensity, indicative of FRET, were identified and compiled into histograms. Histograms were fit to the sum of three Gaussian distributions in Matlab. smFRET revealed that HIV-1 Env is conformationally dynamic, transitioning between three distinct conformations. Response to various ligands identified the low-FRET conformation as the predominant population of mature prefusion unliganded HIV-1 Env; intermediate- and high-FRET conformations predominant in the presence of CD4 and CD4-induced antibodies (Munro et al. Biophysical Journal 104, 415A, 2013).

Binding Studies Using Biolayer Interferometry.

A forteBio Octet Red384 instrument was used to measure binding of BG505 SOSIP. 664 and BG505 gp120 molecules to neutralizing antibodies (VRC01, VRC03, b6, b12, F105, PGT122, PGT128, PGT135, 2G12, 8ANC195, 17b, 2.2C, 412d, PG9, PGT145, VRC26.09, 35O22, PGT151) and CD4 Ig. All the assays were performed with agitation set to 1,000 rpm in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer supplemented with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in order to minimize nonspecific interactions. The final volume for all the solutions was 40-50 μl/well. Assays were performed at 30° C. in solid black tilted-bottom 384-well plates (Geiger Bio-One). Human antibodies (40-50 μg/ml) in PBS buffer was used to load anti-human IgG Fc capture (AHC) probes for 300 s. Typical capture levels were between 1 and 1.5 nm, and variability within a row of eight tips did not exceed 0.1 nm. Biosensor tips were then equilibrated for 180 s in PBS/1% BSA buffer prior to binding assessment of the BG505 SOSIP.664 and BG505 gp120 molecules in solution for 300 s; binding was then allowed to dissociate for 300 s. Parallel correction to subtract systematic baseline drift was carried out by subtracting the measurements recorded for a sensor without monoclonal antibody incubated in PBS/1% BSA. Data analysis were carried out using Octet software, version 8.0.

Difference Distance Analysis.

Difference distance matrices were produced by distance sorting atom positions and plotting with the program DDMP (Nishikawa et al., J. Physical Society of Japan 32, 1331-1337 (1972).

Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis.

Affinities and kinetics of binding of antibodies 35O22 and PGT151 to BG505 SOSIP.664 soluble trimer were assessed by surface plasmon resonance on a Biacore T-200 (GE Healthcare) at 20° C. with buffer HBS-EP+ (10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, and 0.05% surfactant P-20). In general, mouse anti-human Fc antibody was first immobilized onto two flow cells on a CM5 chip at ˜10000 response units (RU) with standard amine coupling protocol (GE Healthcare). Either CD4-Ig, 2G12 IgG or 17b IgG was then captured on both flow cells by flowing over a 200 nM solution at 5 l/min flow rate for two minutes. This was followed by a 1-minute injection of 1 μM human Fc on both flow cells to block unliganded mouse anti-human Fc antibody. The captured 2G12, CD4 or 17b were used to immobilize BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer on only one flow cell, with no trimer captured on the other flow cell (reference cell). For capturing with 2G12 or CD4-Ig, 500 nM of unliganded trimer was used, whereas, a complex of 500 nM trimer+1500 nM sCD4 was used for capturing with 17b. Antibody Fab fragments at 2-fold dilutions starting from 885 nM, 600 nM and 460 nM for 35O22, PGT151 and PGT145, respectively, were injected over the captured trimer channel and the reference channel at a flow rate of 50 μl/min for 2 minutes and allowed to dissociate for 3-30 minutes depending on the rate of dissociation of each interaction. The cells were regenerated with two 10 μl injections of 3.0 M MgCl₂ at a flow rate of 100 μl/min. Blank sensorgrams were obtained by injection of same volume of HBS-EP+ buffer in place of antibody Fab fragments. Sensorgrams of the concentration series were corrected with corresponding blank curves and fitted globally with Biacore T200 evaluation software using a 1:1 Langmuir model of binding. The stoichiometry of binding of antibodies to the trimer were estimated by normalizing the Rmax values to the amount of trimer captured and performing linear regression analysis using the Rmax values for the antibodies with known stoichiometries.

Modeling of Missing Loops, Side Chains, and the N-Linked Glycan Shield.

Missing loops not defined in the HIV-1-Env trimer crystal structure were modeled using Loopy (Xiang et al., Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 7432-7437, 2002). The Missing side chains were modeled with Scap (Xiang and Honig, J Mol. Biol., 311, 421-430, 2001).

To model the N-linked glycan shield, we first determined all possible N-linked sequons in the HIV-1 Env trimer structure. A single asparagine residue in each sequon was targeted for computational N-linked glycan addition using a series of oligmannose 9 rotamer libraries at different resolutions. In constructing the rotamer libraries, the asparagine side chain rotamers were also considered. To avoid a combinatorial explosion in the search space, select torsion angles in the oligomannose 9 rotamer libraries were allowed to vary in increments between 30-60 degrees. An overlap factor (ofac) was used to screen for clashes between the sugar moieties and the trimer structure. The ofac between two nonbonded atoms is defined as the distance between two atoms divided by the sum of their van der Waal's radii. For the modeling carried out here, the ofac was set to a value of 0.60. For sterically occluded positions, the ofac was set to 0.55. To remove steric bumps between sugar moieties, all models were subjected to 100 cycles of conjugate gradient energy minimization using the GLYCAM (Kirschner et al. Journal of computational chemistry 29, 622-655 (2008)) force field in Amber12 (Cornell J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 5179-5197, 1995). with a distance-dependent dielectric.

Mapping Sequence Variability onto Trimer Structure.

For each of HIV-1 Env, influenza HA, and RSV F, residue sequence variability was computed as the Shannon entropy for each residue position, based on representative sets of 3943 HIV-1 strains, 4467 influenza strains, and 212 RSV strains, respectively. Residues were colored based on the computed entropy values, on a scale of white (conserved) to purple (variable).

Serum Neutralization Fingerprinting Analysis.

The prevalence of effective neutralizing responses against HIV-1 Env in cohorts from 2-3 and 5+ years post-infection was estimated using a neutralization fingerprinting approach, as described previously (Georgiev et al., Science, 340, 751-756, 2013). Briefly, serum neutralization over a set of 21 diverse viral strains was compared to neutralization of the same viruses by a set of broadly neutralizing antibodies grouped into 12 epitope-specific antibody clusters. For each serum, the relative prevalence of each of the 12 antibody specificities was estimated by representing serum neutralization as a linear combination of the monoclonal specificities, with prevalence values of 0.2 deemed as positive. Sera with less than 30% breadth on the 21-virus panel as well as sera with high residual values from the computation (data not shown) were not included in the analysis. For mapping prevalence values onto the BG505 structure, residues part of multiple antibody epitopes were colored according to the respective antibody specificity with the highest prevalence in the 5+ years cohort. Antibody neutralization was measured using single-round-of-infection HIV-1 Env-pseudoviruses and TZM-bl target cells, as described previously (Li et al., J. Virol., 79, 10108-10125, 2005). Neutralization curves were fit by nonlinear regression using a 5-parameter hill slope equation as previously described (Li et al., J. Virol., 79, 10108-10125, 2005).

Patient Information.

In the CHAVI 001 cohort, high-risk subjects were screened for HIV-1 infection by ELISA, Western blotting, and plasma RNA to recruit individuals with acute HIV infection, who were then followed for ˜2 years until plasma neutralization breadth developed (Tomaras et al., J. Virol., 82, 12449-12463, 2008). In addition, a group of individuals were enrolled in the CHAVI 001 or CHAVI 008 cohorts who were chronically infected with HIV-1 strains clade A, B or C, and were screened for plasma neutralization breadth. The trial participants were enrolled at sites in Tanzania, South Africa, Malawi, the United States, and the United Kingdom (Tomaras et al., J. Virol., 85, 11502-11519, 2011). Both CHAVI001 and CHAVI008 protocols were approved by the institutional review boards of each of the participating institutions where blood samples were received or processed for analysis.

Epitope Analysis for HIV-1 Env, Influenza HA, and RSV F Antibodies.

Glycan usage and average residue entropy were calculated for eight representative HIV-1 Env (VRC01, b12, CD4, HJ16, 8ANC195, PG9, PGT122, 2G12, and 35O22), four representative influenza HA (2D1, C05, F10, and CR8043), and three representative RSV F (D25, Motavizumab, and 101F) epitopes based on their respective crystal structures. The selection of the flu antibodies was done as follows: F10 (stem targeting) and C05 (head targeting) were selected based on their cross-neutralizing ability for group 1 and group 2 of influenza A. CR8043 (group 2 specific) and 2D1 (H1 specific), which targets distinct regions from F10 and C05 at the stem and head of the HA respectively, were also selected for epitope analysis. An antigen residue was defined as an epitope residue if it had a non-zero BSA in the crystal structure. The fraction of glycan surface area in an epitope was calculated as the buried surface area of epitope glycans divided by the buried surface area of the full epitope. Mann-Whitney test was used to quantify the statistical difference between glycan fraction or average residue entropy for HIV-1 vs. influenza or RSV antibody epitopes.

Figures.

Structure figures were prepared using PYMOL (The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System, DeLano Scientific, San Carlos, Calif., 2002).

Interfaces.

Interactive surfaces were obtained from PISA (ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pisa/).

Example 2 Crystal Structure of Unliganded HIV-1 Env Trimer in the Prefusion Mature Closed Conformation and Stabilization of the HIV-1 Env Ectodomain in a Prefusion Mature Closed Conformation

This example illustrates the three dimensional structure of the BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation when not bound by neutralizing antibody. Additionally, this example illustrates exemplary HIV-1 Env ectodomains stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation. The crystal structure of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in complex with the PGT122 and 35O22 Fabs (i.e., in a prefusion mature closed conformation) or in unliganded (without bound antibody) compared to the structure of HIV-1 Env in the CD4 bound conformation shows dramatic structural rearrangements in both the membrane-proximal and membrane-distal regions, providing guidance for the stabilization of the mature closed conformation of HIV-1 Env.

The structure of the unliganded HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is substantially identical to HIV-1 Env in the PGT122/35O22-bound BG505 SOSIP structure (discussed in Example 1) with rmsd of Cα ˜1.1 Å. This finding confirms that the HIV-1 Env ectodomain is not significantly distorted by binding to PGT122 and 35O22 antibodies, and therefore, that the structure disclosed in Example 1 provides an accurate view of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.

As the sole viral antigen on the HIV-1-virion surface, trimeric Env—and its gp120 and gp41 subunits—have been the focus of extensive vaccine efforts (Rerks-Ngarm et al., N Engl J Med, 361, 2209-2220, 2009; Flynn et al., J Infect Dis, 191, 654-665, 2005). These have been stymied, however, by unfavorable Env properties including substantial conformational diversity (Kwong et al., Nature, 420, 678-682, 2002). While a near-native soluble Env trimer (BG505 SOSIP.664) has been developed, which is preferentially recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies (Binley et al., J Virol., 74, 627-643, 2000; Sanders et al., PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618, 2013; Sanders et al., J Virol., 76, 8875-8889, 2002), this trimer can be triggered by the CD4 receptor to expose epitopes recognized by ineffective antibodies, and a conformationally fixed trimer remains a key goal for vaccine designers. Here the crystal structure at 3.7 Å resolution of the unliganded SOSIP.664 trimer is presented, its structural compatibility with Env-reactive antibodies is characterized, and structure-based design is used to fix its conformation. The unliganded SOSIP.664 trimer assumed a closed structure, highly similar to antibody-bound structures (Example 1; Julien et al., Science, 342, 1477-1483, 2013; Lyumkis et al., Science 342, 1484-1490, 2013), which epitope analysis revealed to be structurally compatible with broadly neutralizing antibodies, but not ineffective ones. Structural compatibility correlated with binding antigenicity, except for ineffective antibodies directed to CD4-induced epitopes. Structure-based design yielded conformationally fixed variants, including a 201-433 double cysteine (DS) mutant, with improved specificity for broadly neutralizing antibodies. The DS-SOSIP.664 mutant retained nanomolar affinity for CD4, with which it formed a new structural state: a closed trimer bound by a single CD4 without the typical antigenic hallmarks of CD4 induction. This new structural state appeared to be an obligatory intermediate between the unliganded closed state and an activated state recognized by multiple CD4s and co-receptor. Conformational fixation—enabled by antigenicity-guided structural design—can thus be used to delineate mechanistic states and to improve Env-antigenic specificity, with DS-Env trimers fixed in the unliganded closed state defining a new generation of vaccine immunogens.

HIV-1 uses multiple mechanisms to evade the immune system, and these have stymied the development of an effective vaccine. One mechanism—conformational masking (Kwong et al., Nature, 420, 678-682, 2002)—hides the vulnerable shape of trimeric Env recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies via structural rearrangements that expose immunodominant Env epitopes recognized by non- or poorly neutralizing antibodies. A potential solution is to determine the structure of the vulnerable conformation of Env and to use this structural information and protein design to stabilize or fix the vulnerable shape. Definition of the structure of trimeric HIV-1 Env in its vulnerable shape has been accomplished at increasing resolution by crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (Example 1; Julien et al., Science, 342, 1477-1483, 2013; Lyumkis et al., Science 342, 1484-1490, 2013; Liu et al., Nature 455, 109-113, 2008). These studies have culminated in atomic-level structures of antibody-bound forms of a soluble, near-native trimer mimic, named BG505 SOSIP.664 for HIV-1 strain (BG505, Wu et al., J Virol., 80, 835-844, 2006) and stabilizing mutations (SOSIP.664, Binley et al., J Virol., 74, 627-643, 2000; Sanders et al., PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618, 2013; Sanders et al., J Virol., 76, 8875-8889, 2002). Antibodies, however, can influence conformation, and structures of the Env gp120 subunit can differ substantially when unliganded or antibody-bound (FIG. 32A). It was thus sought to determine and to fix the structure of the unliganded HIV-1 Env trimer. A sparse-matrix approach was used to crystallize an endoglycosidase H-treated BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer from a PEG 400-PEG 3,350 precipitant mixture (Majeed et al., Structure, 11, 1061-1070, 2003). Diffraction data extended to 3.7-Å resolution, and structure solution and refinement yielded Rwork/Rfree of 26.1%/28.3%.

Overall, despite differences in glycosylation and lattice packing, the structure of the unliganded trimer assumed a closed conformation, which was remarkably similar to antibody-bound trimers (Example 1; Julien et al., Science, 342, 1477-1483, 2013; Lyumkis et al., Science 342, 1484-1490, 2013), with an overall root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) in Cα positions of less than 1 Å—substantially lower than observed with monomeric gp120 (FIG. 32A). To determine whether the unliganded closed structure was an appropriate vaccine template, structurally specific for effective HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and incompatible with non- or poorly neutralizing antibodies, it was first sought to categorize antibodies by their functional efficacy (FIG. 32B). Broadly neutralizing antibodies were defined as those of greater than 35% breadth on a diverse panel of 170 isolates, with ineffective antibodies of less than 15% breadth. Antibodies b12, 35O22 and PGT135 were close to the cutoff for the broadly neutralizing category; and while some antibodies such as the V3-directed 447-52D showed clade-specific breadth (447-52D neutralizes over 20% of clade B isolates), 447-52D was nonetheless categorized as ineffective because its overall breadth was only 12%. The unliganded closed structure was analyzed for its structural compatibility with antibody epitopes—most determined structurally in the context of monomeric gp120 or peptide epitope—based on two measures: antibody-volume overlap and epitope RMSD (FIG. 32C). Antibody-volume overlap correlated strongly with neutralization breadth (p=0.0020). Epitope RMSD trended with breadth, but did not achieve statistical significance (FIG. 32D). An antibody structural compatibility score (ASC), which combined both overlap and RMSD, did achieve significance (p=0.0069) (FIG. 32D).

The unliganded closed structure was compatible with the epitopes for all broadly neutralizing epitopes, except those of the membrane-proximal external region, which recognize epitopes downstream of residue 664, and of antibodies b1214 and CH10315, with CH103 exceeding a 2 Å threshold of epitope similarity and with b12 exceeding a volume threshold of 500 Å3 (FIG. 32D, left). In light of the poor RMSD correlation with trimer structure (FIG. 32D), the RMSD threshold was somewhat arbitrary. Nonetheless, the specific incompatibility of these moderately effective CD4-binding site antibodies suggest that movement of residues of the CD4-binding site could occur relative to the unliganded closed trimer and still achieve moderate neutralization breadth; indeed, induced trimer movements have been observed for b12 (which binds poorly to the BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer, Sanders et al., PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618, 2013) by electron microscopy (Liu et al., Nature 455, 109-113, 2008) and hydrogendeuterium exchange. By contrast, none of the epitopes for non- or poorly-neutralizing antibodies were structurally compatible with the unliganded closed structure (FIG. 32D, right).

These results indicate the unliganded closed trimer to be structurally specific for neutralizing antibodies. Structural specificity as measured by epitope compatibility, however, is only one of the requirements of an appropriate vaccine template: antigenic specificity as measured by binding to broadly neutralizing and not ineffective antibodies is also crucial. The BG505 SOSIP.664 had previously been shown by Moore, Sanders, and colleagues to be antigenically specific for broadly neutralizing antibodies, though binding to poorly neutralizing antibodies directed at the V3 loop was reported (Sanders et al., PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618, 2013). Negative selection by ineffective antibodies such as the V3-directed antibody 447-52D17 to remove aberrantly folded molecules was used (FIG. 36). However, even after V3-antibody negative selection, CD4 triggering efficiently exposed V3 epitopes (Mbah et al., J Virol., 75, 7785-7788, 2001) as well as bridging sheet epitopes (Kwong et al., Nature 393, 648-659, 1998) recognized by antibodies like 17b (Thali et al., J Virol., 67, 3978-3988, 1993) (FIG. 33A; FIGS. 37-40). Overall, while structural compatibility (and neutralization breadth) generally correlated with antibody binding, in the presence of CD4, this correlation was lost (FIG. 33A; FIG. 37). Notably, CD4 triggered ineffective antibodies so that their average binding was higher than for broadly neutralizing ones (FIG. 33A, right). CD4 triggering makes BG505 SOSIP.664 less desirable as an immunogen: in primates, it would bind CD4 in vivo and would thus be predicted to elicit ineffective antibodies against the highly immunogenic CD4-induced epitopes.

To fix the unliganded closed state and to prevent CD4 triggering, regions of the unliganded closed structure that moved upon CD4 binding were analyzed to identify cavity-filling hydrophobic substitutions, side-chain pairs capable of forming disulfide bonds, and positions where the introduction of a proline would be compatible with only the unliganded closed structure of Env, but not its receptor-bound conformation (FIG. 33B, insets). These substitutions were engineered into BG505 SOSIP.664, co-expressed with furin in a 96-well transfection format (McLellan et al., Science 342, 592-598, 2013) and assessed supernatants on an antigenic panel, comprising broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT122 (Walker et al., Nature 477, 466-470, 2011) and VRC01 (Wu et al., Science 329, 856-861, 2010), quaternary-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT145 (Walker et al., Nature 477, 466-470, 2011) and CAP256-VRC26 (Doria-Rose et al., Nature, 509, 55-62, 2014), and poorly neutralizing antibodies F105 and 17b, with the latter tested alone and in the presence of CD4. Several different constructs were tested (FIG. 42). Several promising constructs were purified and analyzed for gp120-gp41 cleavage and oligomeric heterogeneity (FIG. 36) and by meso-scale discovery-electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (MSD-ECLIA) for recognition on a more comprehensive panel of HIV-1-reactive antibodies (FIG. 33C and FIG. 37). One cavity-filling alteration, Y191W, retained recognition of broadly neutralizing antibodies, but only moderately reduced the binding of antibody 17b, while two proline substitutions, Q432P and A433P, showed improved antigenic specificity. A 201C-433C double cysteine (DS) mutant showed virtually no antibody 17b recognition, even in the presence of CD4, while retaining strong recognition of antibody PGT145 and increasing the recognition of antibody CAP256-VRC26 (FIG. 33C). While A433P showed better recognition for broadly neutralizing antibodies compared to 201C-433C, the temporal stability of A433P was found to be lower than that of both BG505 SOSIP.664 and 201C-433C, with 201C-433C exhibiting highest temporal stability (FIG. 37). Notably, with the 201C-433C DS variant, structural compatibility (and neutralization breadth) correlated with antibody binding, even in the presence of CD4 (FIG. 33D; FIG. 37). Modeling of the DS substitution indicated a 201C-433C disulfide to be incompatible with the CD4-bound state, where α-carbons (Ca) of residues 201 and 433 are 9.4 Å apart, separated by a strand of the bridging sheet (Kwong et al., Nature 393, 648-659, 1998), and the V3 loop is fully exposed (Huang et al. Science 310, 1025-1028, 2005) (FIG. 33E). By contrast, the 201C-433C substitutions are expected to form a disulfide in the unliganded closed trimer, and indeed the unliganded BG505 SOSIP.664 201C-433C exhibited a 6.1° C. increase in thermostability (to 73.10° C.) relative to the parent SOSIP.664 (FIG. 33F).

These results indicate the 201C-433C ‘DS’ variant of BG505 SOSIP.664 (termed “DS-SOSIP.664”) is not triggered by CD4. To define the interaction of the DS-SOSIP.664 variant with CD4, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used (FIG. 34A). The DS-SOSIP.664 recognized CD4 with a similar on-rate as the parent SOSIP.664, but with ˜10-fold faster off-rate, resulting in a ˜10-fold reduction in K_(D) relative to SOSIP.664 (FIG. 34A). To test for CD4 triggering over a longer time scale, both DS-SOSIP.664 and parent SOSIP.664 were incubated for 100 h in the presence of CD4, and SPR readout of 17b and 3074 epitopes was used to assess triggering. With the parent SOSIP.664, CD4 induced a slow transition to a state with bridging sheet formed (t_(1/2) of 3.3±0.7 h for antibody 17b) and V3 loop exposed (t1/2 of 4.2±1.0 h for antibody 307426) (FIG. 34B and FIG. 40). With DS-SOSIP.664, triggering by CD4 of bridging sheet or V3 was not observed over the entire 100 h time course (FIG. 34B). To define the stoichiometry of CD4 interaction, sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation of parent and DS-SOSIP.664 variants in the presence of excess CD4 was used. Molecular weights consistent with the parent SOSIP.664 binding two to three CD4s and the DS-SOSIP.664 variant binding only one CD4 were observed (FIG. 34C and FIG. 41).

DS-SOSIP.664 can thus capture Env in a single CD4-bound state. To obtain structural information on this single CD4 bound state, the hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) of DS-SOSIP.664 with and without CD4 was characterized. Without CD4, the hydrogen-deuterium exchange of DS-SOSIP.664 appeared similar to the exchange of the parent SOSIP.664 (FIG. 34D); with CD4, the gp120 inner domain, the bridging sheet, and gp41 showed little change upon the addition of soluble CD4 (FIG. 34D). The V2, V3 and the stem of V1 showed a response to CD4, consistent with the slightly increase exposure of V3 epitope observed by MSD-ECLIA (FIG. 33D), but this was substantially less than observed for the parent SOSIP.664. The single CD4-bound DS-SOSIP.664 thus differs from previously observed CD4-bound states in that the typical hallmarks of CD4-induction—such as bridging sheet formation and V3 loop exposure—are absent or substantially reduced.

As the single-CD4-bound state could be SOSIP.664 specific, and indeed both SOSIP.664 and DS-SOSIP.664 variant appear to be extraordinarily rigid, DS-stabilized Envs were assessed in other contexts. When DS mutations were placed into functional virus, they ablated entry (FIG. 40). Single molecule fluorescence energy transfer (smFRET) measurements, utilizing donor-acceptors placed in the first and fourth variable Env loops of functional JR-FL viral spikes, revealed DS mutations to reduce transitions from the ground state. DS-viral spikes remained primarily in the closed ground state, even in the presence of dodecameric CD428 (FIG. 34E). Overall, the asymmetric single CD4-bound state—with fast off-rate for CD4—appeared to be an obligatory intermediate between the unliganded state and a more fully CD4-triggered state capable of binding multiple CD4s and co-receptor (FIG. 34F). In this context, it is noted that the high off-rate of CD4 in the single CD4-bound state, coupled with the slow transition to a 3:1 CD4:trimer stoichiometry, provides a kinetic-based molecular mechanism for the ability of primary HIV-1 isolates to resist neutralization by monomeric CD429.

Additional HIV-1 Env ectodomain variants including one or more amino acid substitutions to stabilize the ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation are set forth in Table 13 and described herein, the antigenicity of some of which is presented in FIGS. 42-53. The antigenicity of exemplary protein nanoparticles including a recombinant HIV-1 Env protein is provided in FIG. 43. The antigenicity of exemplary chimeric HIV-1 Env proteins is provided in FIG. 42.

The unliganded Env trimer—fixed in the pre-fusion closed conformation—may be an ideal HIV-1 immunogen. We assessed DS-SOSIP.664 for physical stability to conditions typically encountered during manufacturing and observed increased stability relative to the parent SOSIP.664 to denaturation by temperature, pH or freeze-thaw (FIG. 35A). To see if the 201C-433C substitutions might serve as a general means of reducing CD4-induced transition in other Env antigens, the 201C-433C and SOS mutations were placed into HIV-1 Env expressed on the surface of enzyme-treated pseudovirions (Crooks et al., J Virol., 85, 5825-5839, 2011). These viral spikes were observed to resist CD4 triggering and to retain the antigenic profile of the soluble trimer for broadly neutralizing antibodies in both BG505 and JR-FL Env backgrounds (FIG. 35B). Overall, the results indicate the disulfide-shackled 201C-433C variants of soluble SOSIP.664 and VLP SOS to be highly desirable antigens: conformationally fixed trimers in which neutralizing epitopes are almost exclusively exposed even in the presence of CD4. It is noted that the path to identify the 201C-433C DS substitution involved an information flow from broadly neutralizing antibodies, through structural compatibility and binding antigenicity, to obtain a conformationally fixed immunogen of appropriate antigenicity (FIG. 35C). What was unexpected was the separation of CD4 binding by the 201C-433C DS alteration into two mechanistic steps: the recognition of one CD4 without any of the antigenic hallmarks of CD4 binding such as bridging sheet formation, and the binding of more than one CD4 along with exposure or formation of characteristic CD4-induced epitopes. In addition to improving the antigenic specificity of unliganded HIV-1 Env immunogens, antigenic-guided conformational fixation can thus reveal additional mechanistic steps of the HIV-1 entry pathway.

Methods

BG505 SOSIP.664 Expression, Purification, and Deglycosylation.

BG505 SSOIP.664 trimer was produced in HEK 293 GnTI −/− cells via transient transfection of the BG505 SOSIP expressing plasmid with furin and purified as described previously (Sanders et al., PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618, 2013; Julien et al., Science, 342, 1477-1483, 2013) and in Example 1. Briefly, the BG505 SOSIP.664 expressed supernatant was passed over the 2G12 IgG-conjugated protein A column, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and eluted with the elution buffer containing 3M MgCl2, pH 8.5. The eluted protein was then dialyzed against PBS and set for deglycosylation reaction at 37° C. in the reaction buffer containing 1 mM EDTA, 150 mM NaCl, protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche), 17,000 units of Endo H/ml, and 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.8. The deglycosylated BG505 SOSIP was further purified with Superdex 200 16/60 (GE Healthcare) column in the buffer containing 5 mM HEPES 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.02% NaN3. The peak corresponding to trimeric HIV-1 Env was identified, pooled and concentrated to ˜10 mg/ml using an Amicon Ultra-15 centrifugal filter (MWCO 50,000, Millipore) and screened for crystallization. For antigenicity and stability analyses, trimers were purified by affinity chromatography over a VRC01 column, purified by gel filtration over a Superdex 200 16/60 (GE Healthcare) column in buffer containing 5 mM HEPES 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.02% NaN3, and finally, passed through a 447-52D column to remove aberrant trimer species (FIG. 36).

Crystallization Screening.

Deglycosylated BG505 SOSIP.664 was screened for crystallization using 572 conditions from Hampton, Wizard and Precipitant Synergy (Majeed et al., Structure, 11, 1061-1070, 2003) screens using a Cartesian Honeybee crystallization robot as described previously (McLellan et al., Nature, 480, 336-343, 2011) and a mosquito robot using 0.1 μl of reservoir solution and 0.1 μl of protein solution. Crystals suitable for structural determination were obtained robotically in 26% PEG 400, 3.2% PEG 3350, and 0.1M sodium acetate pH 5.5. Crystals were cryoprotected in a solution containing 30% glycerol, 30% PEG 400, 4% PEG 3350, and 0.1M sodium acetate pH 5.5, and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Data were collected at a wavelength of 1.00 Å at the SER-CAT beamline ID-22 (Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory).

X-Ray Data Collection, Structure Solution and Model Building.

Diffraction data were processed with the HKL2000 suite (Otwinowski & Minor, Methods Enzymol., 276, 307-326, 1997). The data were corrected for anisotropy using the anisotropy server services.mbi.ucla.edu/anisoscale/with truncations to 3.7 Å, 3.7 Å, 3.3 Å along a, b, and c axes, respectively. Structure solution was obtained with Phaser using 35O22- and PGT122-bound BG505 SOSIP.664 (PDB ID: 4TVP10) as search models. Refinement was carried out with Phenix (Adams et al., J Synchrotron Radiat., 11, 53-55, 2004). Model building was carried out with Coot (Emsley & Cowtan, Acta crystal. Section D, Biol. Crystal., 60, 2126-2132, 2004).

Structural Analyses Involving Residue-Specific Properties.

To estimate the degree of structural flexibility in the unliganded HIV-1 trimer, we determined the average Cα RMSD distance for each residue position in the unliganded trimer structure (FIG. 32A). The average Cα RMSD distance served as a proxy for structural plasticity and was computed between corresponding residues after optimal superimposition onto a set of 91 X-ray structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (Bernstein et al. J mol. Biol., 112, 535-542, 1977). Each domain of the unliganded trimer was considered separately and superimposed onto the set of structures using the program TM-align (Zhang & Skolnick, Nucleic Acids Res., 33, 2302-2309, 2005). To obtain the best possible registry between corresponding residues, structural superimpositions were guided by amino acid sequence alignments when necessary. A total of 54 monomeric structures were used for superimpositions involving the gp120 domain. To generate FIG. 32A (left), five representative gp120 structures were used; unliganded clade A/E HIV-1 gp120 core_(e)(3TGT) (Kwon et al. PNAS, 109, 5663-5668, 2012), b12-bound gp120 (2NY7) (Zhou et al., Nature 445, 732-737, 2007), b13-bound gp120 (3IDX) (Chen et al., Science, 326, 1123-1127, 2009), F105-bound gp120 (3HI1)38, and CD4- and 48d-bound gp120 (3JWD) (Pancera et al. PNAS, 107, 1166-1171, 2010) structures. For the gp41 domain a total of 37 structures from the PDB that included hexameric bundles as well as disordered peptides were used.

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) is indicative of intrinsic amide exchange of peptide segments and is a useful technique to monitor dynamic characteristics of proteins in solution. Qualitative exchange profiles for observable peptides of SOSIP.664 after 3s were extracted from individual HDX-MS exchange plots (Guttman et al., Structure, 22, 974-984, 2014). The average exchange values (0-75%) were substituted in the B-factor field for the observed peptides of SOSIP.664 coordinates and displayed within PyMol. Non-observable peptides in the deuterium exchange experiment as well as peptides with missing electron density were excluded from the analysis.

Residue sequence variability was computed as the Shannon entropy for each residue position based on a representative set of 3,943 HIV-1 strains. The electrostatic potential surfaces were generated using GRASP41.

Assessment of Antibody Functionality on a Panel of 170 Diverse HIV-1.

Neutralization was measured using single-round-of-infection HIV-1 Env-pseudoviruses and TZM-bl target cells, as described previously (Sarzotti-Kelsoe et al., J. Immunol. Meth., 409, 131-146, 2014). Neutralization curves were fit by nonlinear regression using a 5-parameter hill slope equation. The 50% and 80% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀ and IC₈₀) were reported as the antibody concentrations required to inhibit infection by 50% and 80% respectively.

Computation of Antibody Epitope RMSD, Volume Overlap, and Epitope Presence.

HIV-1-specific antibody-antigen complex structures were compiled from the PDB, and antibodies were defined as broadly or poorly/non-neutralizing based on published or in-house neutralization data of diverse viral strains (Georgiev et al., Science, 340, 751-756, 2013). Antibodies that were deemed to have insufficient evidence for being classified as broadly or poorly/non-neutralizing were excluded from the analysis. A single antibody representative was included in the analysis in cases where multiple antibody clonal relatives were found. The epitope residues for each antibody were defined based on the respective antibody-antigen complex crystal structures, with an antigen residue being defined as an epitope residue if any of its heavy atoms were within 5.5 Å of any antibody heavy atom. To compute the RMSD between the epitope residues in the antibody-antigen complex structure and the same residues in the unliganded trimer structure: (1) the epitope residues from the complex structure were aligned to the unliganded trimer structure using the align function in PyMOL, then (2) the Cα RMSD of the epitope residues was calculated. To remove outlier residues, the top and bottom 10% of the Cα deviations were removed from the RMSD calculation. To calculate the volume overlap between a given antibody and the unliganded trimer structure, the alignment from above was used to compute the overlap volume between the antibody from the complex structure and the unliganded trimer structure by using the phase_volCalc utility from Schrödinger. An antibody epitope was considered as present in the unliganded trimer structure if at least 70% of the epitope residues as defined by the antibody antigen complex structure were also present in the unliganded trimer structure. For mapping the per-residue RMSD computation onto the unliganded trimer structure, residues part of any antibody epitope (including epitopes with less than 70% total residues present) were included in the analysis; if a given residue was part of more than one antibody epitope, the highest RMSD value for that residue among all epitopes was used. Antibody volume overlap values were mapped onto the unliganded trimer structure for all residues part of the epitope for the given antibody; if a residue was part of more than one antibody epitope, then the lowest volume overlap for that residue among all epitopes was used. Correlations of structural properties with neutralization and/or binding data were computed using the Spearman correlation coefficient.

Structural Compatibility Analysis.

For a given antibody, the Antigenic Structural Compatibility (ASC) score with the HIV-1 Env unliganded pre-fusion trimer structure was computed based on a comparison to a structure of the antibody bound to an Env-derived antigen (e.g., gp120 core or V3 peptide). ASC scores were computed on a 0-1 scale using the following variables: (i) The fraction f of epitope residues (as defined by the structure of the antibody complex) exposed to solvent in the unliganded trimer structure was computed, with a residue considered accessible to solvent if its solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) was at least half its SASA in the respective antibody complex structure; f was set to 0 if less than 70% of epitope residues were present in the antigen. (ii) A resolution estimate r was used such that Cα RMSDs d below r=2 were not penalized in the scores. (iii) The volume overlap values were used to define a volume overlap factor v that is equal to 1 for overlap below 200 Å³, is equal to 0 for overlap over 1000 Å³, and decays linearly in between. Intuitively, the unliganded trimer structure is expected to be structurally compatible with an antibody if f and v are high and if the RMSD d is low, since such conditions would indicate similarity between the unliganded trimer structure and the Env conformation in the antibody complex. Thus, the ASC score for each antibody with the unliganded trimer was defined by the formula: fv exp(−0.5 max(0, d−r)).

Transient Transfection Expression of Immunogens in 96-Well Microplates.

A 96-well microplate-formatted transient transfection expression approach was used to achieve high-throughput expression of various immunogen proteins as follows. HEK GnTi-cells were thawed and incubated with growth medium (293 FreeStyle Expression Medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum and 1% streptomycin-penicillin) (Invitrogen, CA) at 37° C., 5% CO2, until the cells reached logarithmic physiological growth. 24 hours prior to DNA-transient transfection, 100 μl of physiologically growing cells was seeded in each well of a 96-well microplate at a density of 2.5×105 cells/ml in expression medium (293 FreeStyle Expression Medium supplemented with 10% Ultra-Low IgG Fetal Bovine Serum and 1×-Non-Essential Amino Acids) (Invitrogen, CA), and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 for 20 h. Two hours prior to transfection, 100 μl of spent medium from each well was replaced with 60 μl of fresh expression medium. DNA-TrueFect-Max complexes were used for transfection, and these were prepared by mixing 0.2 μg plasmid DNA in 10 μl of Opti-MEM transfection medium (Invitrogen, CA) with 0.4 μl of TrueFect-Max (United BioSystems, MD) in 10 μl of Opti-MEM, and incubating for 15 min prior to transfection. 20 μl of the complex was added into each well and mixed with growing cells, and the 96-well plate was incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2. One day post transfection, 20 μl of enriched medium (293 FreeStyle Expression Medium supplemented 25% Ultra-Low IgG Fetal Bovine Serum, 2× Non-Essential Amino Acids and 2× glutamine) was added to each well, and returned to incubator for continuous culture. On days three to five post transfection, the culture was exposed to oxygen in the sterilized air once per day. After day five post transfection, the biological function of the expressed protein in the supernatant in 96-well microplate was analyzed using an ELISA assay.

Antigenic analysis of stabilized HIV-1 Env trimeric immunogens in 96-well microplate by antibody binding ELISA assay. The D7324 antibody-coated 96-well ELISA plate was prepared by incubating 2 μg/ml of D7324 Antibody (Aalto, Ireland) in 100 μl PBS in 96 Well Flat-Bottom Immuno Plate (nunc, Thermo, IL) overnight at 4° C., followed by removal of coating solution and incubation of 200 μl/well, 2% (W/V) dry milk in PBS overnight at 4° C., and then the wells were washed 5 times with PBS+0.05% Tween 20. 30 μl of supernatant expressed in each well of the 96-well microplate was incubated with 70 μl of PBS in each well of a D7324 antibody-coated 96-well ELISA plate for two hours at room temperature (RT), and then the wells were washed 5 times with PBS+0.05% Tween 20. 100 μl of anti-specific epitope primary antibody (prepared in our lab) at a concentration of 10 μg/ml in PBS with 0.2% (W/V) dry milk and 0.2% Tween 20 was incubated into each well for 1 hour at RT, and then the wells were washed 5 times with PBS+0.05% Tween 20. 100 μl of Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-human IgG antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc., PA) at 1:10,000 in PBS with 1.0% (W/V) dry milk and 0.2% Tween 20 was incubated into each well for 30 min at RT, and then the wells were washed 5 times in PBS+0.05% Tween 20. The wells were developed using TMB at RT for 10 min, and the reaction was stopped with 180 mM HCl. The readout was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm. All samples were performed in duplicate.

Antigenic Analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664 and Mutants by MSD-ECLIA Assay Using D7324 Detection.

Standard 96-well bare MULTI-ARRAY Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) Plates (MSD, cat #L15XA-3) were coated with a panel of HIV neutralizing and non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in duplicates (30 μL/well) at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, diluted in 1×PBS and the plates were incubated overnight at 4° C. The following day, plates were washed (wash buffer: 0.05% Tween-20+1×PBS) and blocked with 150 μL of blocking buffer [5% [W/V] MSD Blocker A (MSD, Cat # R93BA-4)] and incubated for 1 hr on a vibrational shaker (Heidolph TITRAMAX 100; CAT # P/N: 544-11200-00) at 650 rpm. All the incubations were performed at room temperature, except the coating step. During the incubation, BG505 SOSIP trimer was titrated down in a serial 2 fold dilutions starting at 4 μg/mL concentration of the trimer in assay diluent (1% [W/V] MSD blocker A+0.05% Tween-20). After the incubation with blocking buffer was complete, the plates were washed and the diluted trimer was transferred (25 l/well) to the MSD plates and incubated for 2 hrs on the vibrational shaker at 650 rpm. For soluble CD4 (sCD4) induction, trimer was pre-incubated with sCD4 at a constant molar concentration of 1 μM for 1 hour before adding to the MSD plate. After the 2 hr incubation with trimer, the plates were washed again and secondary detection MSD Sulfotag labeled D7324 antibody (Prior to running the assay D7324 antibody was labeled with MSD Sulfotag (MSD; Cat #R91AN-1) at a conjugation ratio of 1:15 [D7324: Sulfotag]), which was diluted in assay diluent at 5 μg/mL and was added to the plates (25 μL/well) and incubated for 1 hr on the vibrational shaker at 650 rpm. The plates were washed and read using the 1× read buffer (MSD Read Buffer T (4×); Cat# R92TC-2) on MSD Sector Imager 2400.

Antigenic Analysis of Stabilized HIV-1 Env Trimeric Immunogens by Antibody Binding ELISA Assay.

Similar to what was done for the 96 well plate ELISA, the D7324 (Aalto, Ireland) antibody was coated overnight at 2 μg/ml in 100 μl PBS at 4° C. Wells were washed once in PBS/Tween 20 (0.2%) and blocked with 200 μl/well of 2% (W/V) dry milk in PBS for one hour at room temperature (RT). The wells were then washed 5 times in PBS+0.05% Tween 20 (PBST) and purified proteins (BG505 SOSIP.664 and mutants) were then coated at either 0.5 or 2 μg/ml in PBS, 10% FBS for 2 hours at RT. The wells were washed 5 times in PBS-T. 100 μl of primary antibody at a concentration of 10 μg/ml in PBS/Tween 20 (0.2%) was incubated into each well for 1 hour at RT, and then the wells were washed 5 times in PBS-T. 100 μl of Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-human IgG antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 1:5,000 in PBS with 0.2% Tween 20 was added to each well for 1 hour at RT. The wells were washed 5 times in PBS-T. The wells were developed using Sureblue (KPL) at RT for 10 min, and the reaction was stopped with 180 mM HCl. The readout was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm. All samples were performed in duplicate.

Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis.

Affinities and kinetics of binding to BG505 SOSIP.664 soluble trimer and its mutants were assessed by surface plasmon resonance on a Biacore T-200 (GE Healthcare) at 20° C. with buffer HBS-EP+(10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, and 0.05% surfactant P-20).

For assessing binding of trimer to CD4i antibody 17b and HR2-reactive peptide C34, mouse anti-human Fc antibody was first immobilized onto two flow cells on a CM5 chip at ˜10,000 response units (RU) with standard amine coupling protocol (GE Healthcare). Either 17b IgG or C34-Ig was then captured on one flow cell by flowing over a 200 nM solution at 5 μl/min flow rate for two minutes. The other flow cell was used as reference. To block unliganded mouse anti-human Fc antibody, this was followed by a 1-minute injection of 1 μM human Fc on both flow cells. 500 nM unliganded trimer (−CD4) or a complex of 500 nM trimer+1500 nM sCD4 (+CD4) was flowed over the sample flow at a flow rate of 50 μl/min for 2 minutes and allowed to dissociate for 5 minutes. The cells were regenerated with two 10 μl injections of 3.0 M MgCl2, pH 7.5 at a flow rate of 100 μl/min. Blank sensorgrams were obtained by injection of the same volume of HBS-EP+ buffer. Sensorgrams were corrected with corresponding blank curves.

For assessing binding of trimer to sCD4, single-cycle kinetics analyses were carried out. First, ˜2000RU of antibody 2G12 were immobilized on two flow cells. Next, 200 nM of trimer was injected on the sample flow cell. Finally, 5 concentrations of sCD4 (100 nM, 50 nM, 25 nM, 12.5 nM, 6.25 nM) were injected incrementally in a single cycle, starting from the lowest concentration, followed by a dissociation phase of 30 min. Blank sensorgrams were obtained by injection of same volume of HBS-EP+ buffer in place of sCD4. Sensorgrams of the concentration series were corrected with corresponding blank curves and fitted globally with Biacore T200 evaluation software using a 1:1 Langmuir model of binding.

For assessing affinity and kinetics of antibody 17b binding, trimer was captured onto a 2G12 surface that was obtained by capturing 2G12 IgG on a flow cell immobilized with ˜10,000 response units (RU) of mouse anti-human Fc antibody. To block unliganded mouse anti-human Fc antibody, this was followed by a 1-minute injection of 1 μM human Fc on both flow cells. Binding to 17b Fab was carried out in the single-cycle kinetics format with successive injections of 5 concentrations of 17b Fab. Blank sensorgrams were obtained by injection of the same volume of HBS-EP+ buffer in place of antibody Fab fragments. Sensorgrams of the concentration series were corrected with corresponding blank curves and fitted globally with Biacore T200 evaluation software using a 1:1 Langmuir model of binding.

For determining the time-course of CD4 activation of the soluble trimers, 17b IgG, 3074 IgG and 2G12 IgG were captured on three separate flow cells of a CM5 chip immobilized with ˜10,000 RU of mouse anti-human Fc antibody. Trimers were incubated in 4-fold molar excess of sCD4 and samples were injected at different time-points. Blank sensorgrams were obtained by injection of same volume of HBS-EP+ buffer in place of trimer. To measure any change in the trimer samples on incubation, unliganded trimers were injected before and 72 hours after start of the experiment.

Biolayer Interferometry Analysis.

A fortéBio HTX instrument was used to measure affinities of BG505 SOSIP.664 and the 201C-430C variant to a panel of HIV-1 Env reactive antibodies at 30° C. All assays were carried out with agitation set to 1,000 rpm in PBS supplemented with 1% BSA (PBS/1% BSA) using solid black 96-well plates (Geiger Bio-One). For the quaternary-specific antibodies CAP256-VRC26.09 and PGT145, the IgG (40 μg/ml) was directly immobilized onto an anti-human capture sensor for 300 s. Typical capture levels were between 1.2 and 1.4 nm, and variability within a row of eight tips did not exceed 0.1 nm. Biosensor tips were then equilibrated for 300 s in PBS/1% BSA buffer prior to assessment of binding to the HIV-1 trimer molecules in solution (0.015 to 0.5 μM). Association was allowed to proceed for 300 s followed by dissociation for 300 s. Dissociation wells were used only once to prevent contamination. Parallel correction to subtract systematic baseline drift was carried out by subtracting the measurements recorded for a sensor loaded with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific antibody D25 incubated in PBS/1% BSA.

For all other binding studies, 2G12 (60 μg/ml) was immobilized onto an anti-human capture sensor for 300 s (typical loading levels 1.0 nm) followed by incubation with either the BG505.SOSIP or the 201C-433C variant for 600 s (resulting in loading levels of ˜0.8 nm). The 2G12: HIV-1 Env complex was then allowed to associate with Fab molecules (2.5 μM-0.2 μM) in PBS/1% BSA for 300s followed by dissociation for 300-1800 s. A D25:RSV fusion glycoprotein complex was used to control for non-specific binding of the Fab molecules. Data analysis and curve fitting were carried out using Octet software, version 8.1. Experimental data were fitted with the binding equations describing a 1:1 interaction. Global analyses of the complete data sets assuming binding was reversible (full dissociation) were carried out using nonlinear least-squares fitting allowing a single set of binding parameters to be obtained simultaneously for all concentrations used in each experiment.

Negative-Stain Electron Microscopy.

Negative-stain electron microscopy samples were diluted to about 0.03 mg/ml, adsorbed to a freshly glow-discharged carbon-film grid for 15s, and stained with 0.7% uranyl formate. Images were collected semi-automatically using SerialEM44 on a FEI Tecnai T20 with a 2k×2k Eagle CCD camera at a pixel size of 0.22 nm/px. Particles were picked automatically and reference-free 2D classification was performed in EMAN245.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

The heat capacity of BG505 SOSIP.664 and BG505 SOSIP.664.201C-433C was measured as a function of temperature using a high-precision differential scanning VP-DSC microcalorimeter (GE Healthcare/Microcal, Northampton, Mass.). The samples were extensively dialyzed against PBS, pH 7.4, and then degassed to avoid the formation of bubbles in the calorimetric cells. Thermal denaturation scans were conducted from 10 to 100° C. at a rate of 1° C./min. The protein concentration was about 0.3 mg/mL.

Analytical Ultracentrifugation Equilibrium Measurements.

Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) equilibrium experiments were performed at 15° C., using a Beckman XL-A/I ultracentrifuge equipped with a Ti60An rotor. Data was collected using UV absorbance at 230 nm. Samples were dialyzed in Na2HPO4 10 mM, NaCl 140 mM, pH 7.4 overnight at 4° C. and loaded into six-channel equilibrium cells with parallel sides and quartz windows. 120 μL aliquots of sample diluted to 0.25 (78), 0.16 (51) and 0.087 (27) μM (μg/mL) were loaded, respectively, into three channels A, B and C of the cell, with three of the channels used for buffer reference. Samples were spun at 5000 rpm (9810*g) for 20 hours, after which four scans were collected at a rate of 1 per hour. The rotor speed was then increased to 6500 rpm (12750*g) for 10 hours, after which four additional scans were collected at the same rate. The speed was further increased to 8000 rpm (15690*g) for another 10 hours and four more scans were recorded under the same conditions. During the last step, the rotor speed was increased to 10000 rpm (19620*g) for four more scans, resulting in a total of 16 scans for each concentration and a total of 48 scans per protein. The data was processed and analyzed using HeteroAnalysis 1.1.44 software (biotech.uconn.edu/auf) and SEDPHAT46. Buffer density and protein v-bars were calculated using the SednTerp (Alliance Protein Laboratories) software. The data for all concentrations and speeds were globally fit using nonlinear regression to an ideal monomer model.

Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange (HDX).

The hydrogen-deuterium exchange rates for BG505 SOSIP.664 and the DS-SOSIP.664 both alone and in the presence of CD4 were assessed. Complexes with soluble CD4 (D1D2) were formed by overnight incubation with a nine-fold molar excess of ligand (relative to trimer). Proteins (10 μg) were diluted 10-fold into deuterated PBS buffer and incubated at room temperature. Aliquots removed after 3 s, 1 min, 30 min and 20 h were quenched by mixing with an equal volume of cold 200 mM Tris-2-carboxyethyl phosphine (TCEP), 0.2% formic acid (final pH 2.5). The samples were subsequently digested with pepsin (at 0.15 mg/mL) for 5 min on ice, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80° C. For LC-MS analysis, samples were thawed on ice for 5 minutes and manually injected onto a Waters BEH 1.7 gm 1.2×5 mm trap column (Waters) flowing 0.1% TFA at 200 μL/min. After 3 minutes of washing the peptides were resolved over a Hypersil 1×50 mm 2.1 gm C18 column (Thermo Scientific) using a gradient of 15 to 40% B in 8 minutes (A: 0.05% TFA 5% ACN; B: 0.05% TFA 80% ACN). Eluted peptides were analyzed with a Waters Synapt Q-TOF mass spectrometer. Peptide identification and exchange analysis were as described previously (Guttman et al., Structure, 22, 974-984, 2014).

Neutralization of Viral Entry.

The point mutations were introduced into full-length Env clone BG505.W6M.C212 in expression vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO (Invitrogen). Pseudotyped, single round of entry virus was produced as described in Shu et al. (Shu et al., Vaccine, 25, 1398-1408, 2007). Briefly, plasmid DNA was used to transfect 293T cells along with an envelope-deficient HIV-1 subtype A proviral plasmid, SG3dEnv48 to generate pseudotyped viral particles. Serial dilutions of the pseudovirus stocks were added to TZMbl reporter cells, and two days later the activity of the luciferase reporter gene in infected cells was assessed with a Luciferase Assay kit (Promega) and measured in a luminometer; activity was reported as Relative Light Units (RLU).

smFRET on JR-FL Viral Spikes.

Briefly, HEK293 cells were transfected at a 40:1 ratio of wild-type HIV-1JR-FL or HIV-1JR-FL 201C-433C Env to dually V1-Q3/V4-A1 tagged Env and the additional presence of pNL4-3 Δenv ART. Virus was concentrated from supernatants 40 h post-transfection and dually labelled overnight in a reaction with 0.5 μM Cy3B(3S)-cadaverine, 0.5 μM Cy5(4S)COT-CoA, 0.65 μM transglutaminase (Sigma), and 5 μM AcpS at room temperature. After addition of DSPE-PEG2,000-biotin (Avanti) at 0.02 mg/ml (30 min), the viruses were purified on a 6-18% Optiprep gradient in 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl and stored at −80° C. For smFRET imaging, viruses were immobilized on streptavidincoated quartz microfluidic devices and imaged at room temperature on a wide-field prism-based TIRF instrument equipped with an Opus 532 nm laser (Laser Quantum). Donor and acceptor fluorescence were collected through a 1.27-NA 60× water-immersion objective (Nikon), and recorded using an ORCA-Flash4.0 sCMOS camera (Hamamatsu) at 25 frames/s for 80 s. All smFRET imaging experiments were performed in buffer containing 50 mM Tris pH7.5, 100 mM NaCl, and a cocktail of triplet-state quenchers and oxygen scavengers. The conformational effects of dodecameric sCD4D1D2 (sCD4D1D2-Igαtp) on wild-type and HIV-1JR-FL 201C-433C mutant Env were tested after incubation with the ligand for 30 min at 0.01 mg/ml. Histograms were fitted into three-state Gaussian curves; and occupancies of each FRET state were calculated from histogram fitting. Following Hidden Markov Modeling, all transitions were displayed in transition density plots (TDP).

Assessment of Physical Stability.

To assess the physical stability of the closed, prefusion conformation of trimeric BG505 SOSIP and 201C-433C proteins, the proteins were subjected to a variety of pharmaceutically relevant stresses such as extreme pH, high temperature, low and high osmolarity, as well as repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The physical stability of treated BG505 SOSIP and 201C-433C proteins was evaluated by measuring the retention of binding to the quaternary-specific V1V2-directed antibodies CAP256-VRC26.09 and PGT145 and induction of binding to the V3-loop antibody 447.52D and the CD4i antibody 17b which is not observed in the closed prefusion conformation of the SOSIP trimer. The retention of binding to CD4-Ig and VRC01 was also measured. In the pH treatment experiments, HIV-1 proteins were prepared at an initial concentration of 125 μg/ml, and pH was adjusted using either pH 3.5 or pH 10 with 0.5 M citrate, pH 2.8 or 1 M CAPS, pH 10.5 buffer respectively and incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes before returning the pH to pH 7.5 using 1 M Tris, pH 8.5 or 1 M Tris, pH 7.0, respectively. In the temperature treatment experiments, HIV-1 proteins at 125 μg/ml concentration were incubated at 50° C., 70° C. and 90° C. for 60 minutes in PCR cyclers with heated lids to prevent evaporation and ramp rates of 2.5° C./s. To assess antigenic characteristics following extremes of low and high osmolarity, spin desalting columns (Thermo Scientific) were used to buffer exchange the proteins into either 5 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 10 mM NaCl or 3 M MgCl2, pH 7.5. Proteins were incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes before buffer exchange into 1×PBS, pH 7.4 and concentrating the sample to 125 μg/ml concentration. The freeze/thaw treatment was carried out by repeatedly flash freezing protein in liquid nitrogen and thawing at 37° C. ten times. All protein solutions were supplemented with 0.2% BSA for a final HIV-1 protein concentration of 100 μg/ml and antibody binding measurements were carried out using a fortéBio Octet HTX instrument. Assays were performed at 30° C. with agitation set to 1000 rpm in tilted black 384-well plates (Geiger Bio-One) and a volume of 50 μl/well. Anti-human Fc probes were loaded with full-length IgG of the antibodies mentioned above at 50 μg/ml in PBS buffer for 180 seconds, which were then equilibrated for 240 seconds in PBS+0.2% BSA before being used to immobilize treated or untreated BG505 SOSIP and 201C-433C proteins for 300 seconds. Parallel measurements of antibody binding to PBS+0.2% BSA and soluble recombinant Influenza hemagglutinin in PBS+0.2% BSA were used to assess systematic baseline drift and non-specific binding. The fractional degree of retention of quaternary structure integrity is reported as the ratio of steady state binding level before and after stress treatment. To assess the physical stability of the closed, prefusion conformation of trimeric BG505 SOSIP, A433P and 201C-433C proteins over time, we incubated a 40 nM solution of each trimer in HBS-EP+ buffer at 4 different temperatures—4° C., 20° C., 37° C. and 42° C. Aliquots were taken at different time points over the course of 10 days, and retention of quaternary structure in the trimers was assessed by SPR by flowing over antibody VRC26.09 captured on an Fc surface. A parallel lane with 2G12 captured on it served as control for equal protein loading. Blank subtractions were carried out as described in the SPR section above. The fractional degree of retention of quaternary structure integrity is reported as the ratio of steady state binding level before and after incubation.

Virus-Like Particles ELISAs.

ELISAs were performed as described previously49. Briefly, Immulon II plates were coated overnight at 4° C. with VLPs at 20 times their concentration in transfection supernatants. Wells were washed with PBS and then blocked with 4% bovine serum albumin/10% fetal bovine serum in PBS. Various biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (biotinylated using sulfo-NHSXbiotin, Thermo), and CD4-IgG2 were then titrated in the presence or absence of a fixed concentration of 2 μg/ml soluble CD4. Alkaline phosphatase conjugated to streptavidin (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, Calif.; to detect biotinylated mAbs) or anti-Fc (Accurate, Westbury, N.Y.; to detect CD4-IgG2) and SigmaFAST p-nitrophenyl phosphate tablets (Sigma) were then used to detect binding. Plates were read at 405 nm.

Figures.

Structure figures were prepared using PYMOL50.

Coordinates.

The atomic coordinates of an asymmetric unit of the crystal structure of the unliganded trimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation are recited in Table 3 submitted as an ASCII text named “Table_3.txt” (˜0.7 MB, created on Aug. 7, 2014) in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059, filed Sep. 4, 2014, and have been deposited with the Protein Data Bank as Acc. No. 47MJ. The atomic coordinates of the crystal structure of an unliganded trimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation are recited in Table 4 submitted as an ASCII text named “Table_4.txt” (˜2 MB, created on Aug. 7, 2014) in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/046,059, filed Sep. 4, 2014.

Example 3 Production of HIV-1 Env Protein Covalently Linked to Antibody

This example provides an exemplary protocol for producing a recombinant HIV-1 Env protein covalently linked to a broadly neutralizing antibody.

HIV-1 Env expression construct were designed to contain a cysteine mutation at a key complementary site at the antibody complex interface and a protease cleavable Streptactin II tag C-terminal of the HIV-1 Env residue 664. The respective antibodies were mutated to contain a cysteine at a key complementary site at the antibody complex interface and the antibody heavy chain had a C-terminal cleavable His6 tag after the Fab region. In the case of covalently linking VRC01 to HIV-1 gp140 trimer, mutations 459C in HIV-1 Env and 60C in VRC01 heavy chain enabled covalent assembly of the complex within the producer cells.

DNA for the HIV-1 Env, antibody heavy, antibody light and furin were mixed together in a molar ratio of approximately 1:0.25:0.25:0.5 and transfected into suspension HEK 293F cells. 7 days post transfection the supernatants were harvested, clarified and filtered. The media was passed through NiNTA resin and after washing with PBS eluted in 250 mM imidazole. The eluate was passed over a 2 ml streptactin column, washed with 5 ml wash buffer and eluted in 3 ml elution buffer using the manufacturer's buffer formulations. The resulting eluate was concentrated to 1.5 ml and passed through a Superdex S200 gel filtration column equilibrated in phosphate buffered saline and the main peak containing the covalently linked complex was verified to contain the intermolecular disulfide bond by reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE. Fractions corresponding to the covalently linked antibody-Env complex were pooled and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80C.

Example 4 Single Chain HIV-1 Env Proteins

HIV-1-Env constructs from various strains were synthesized and include the “SOS” mutations (A501C, T605C), the isoleucine to proline mutation at residue 559 (I559P), and the glycan site at residue 332 (T332N); mutating the gp120/gp41 cleavage site to a ten-amino-acid linker; and truncating the C terminus to residue 664 (all HIV-1 Env numbering according to the HXB2 nomenclature). This construct in the case of the BG505 strain is referred to as bC10ln.

The bC10ln construct was transfected in HEK 293 F cells using 1 mg plasmid DNA and transfection supernatants were harvested after 7 days, and passed over either a 2G12 antibody- or VRC01 antibody-affinity column. After washing with PBS, bound proteins were eluted with 3M MgCl₂, 10 mM Tris pH 8.0. The eluate was concentrated to less than 5 ml using a Centricon-70 and applied to a Superdex 200 column, equilibrated in phosphate buffered saline. The peak corresponding to trimeric HIV-1 Env was identified, pooled, and concentrated or flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

Constructs such as bC10ln were also designed with a C-terminal Thrombin cleavage site, His₆-tag, Streptactin II tag to enable purification as described in McLellan et al. Science 340, 1113-1117, 2013. Briefly, supernatants were harvested after 7 days, and passed over NiNTA affinity column. After washing with PBS, bound proteins were eluted with 250 mM imidazole. The eluate was concentrated to less than 3 ml using a Centricon-70 and applied to a 2 ml Streptactin column, equilibrated in phosphate buffered saline. The sample was eluted in 8 ml of elution buffer. The eluate was concentrated to less than 5 ml using a Centricon-70 and applied to a Superdex 200 column, equilibrated in phosphate buffered saline. The peak corresponding to trimeric HIV-1 Env was identified, pooled, and concentrated or flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

Example 5 Chimeric HIV-1 Env Proteins

This example describes the design and production of chimeric HIV-1 Env immunogens based on diverse HIV-1 strains. In the context of inducing an immune response in a subject that can control infection across multiple HIV-1 strains, the use of immunogens based on diverse HIV-1 strains can overcome the intrinsic sequence diversity of HIV-1 Env.

The structural data provided in the prior Examples illustrates that the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation includes a “base” or “platform” including three gp41 molecules, each of which wrap their hydrophobic core around the extended N- and C-termini-strands of gp120 (see, e.g., FIGS. 45-46). Accordingly, chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains were designed with N- and C-terminal regions of gp120 and the gp41 ectodomain from a first HIV-1 strain, and the remainder of gp120 from a second HIV-1 strain. As illustrated in FIGS. 45-46, these chimeric HIV-1 Env proteins allow for a gp41 “platform” on which a chimeric gp120 sequence can be presented to the immune system. The variable gp120 molecule sits on top of a gp41 from the BG505 strain (with SOSIP substitutions), with the N- and C-terminal regions of gp120 also from the BG505 strain. As shown in red in FIG. 47, the N- and C-terminal regions of gp120 can include all or part of the β-4 strand, the β-3 strand, the β26 strand, the β25 strand and/or the α5 helix.

The interface between the gp41 and gp120 proteins in the HIV-1 Env trimer includes gp120 residues 46-54, 70-75, 84-89, 99, 102, 106, 107, 114, 215, 220-224, 226, 244, 471-473, and 476-477 (“Interface Residue set A”). In FIG. 47, these residues are shaded light blue. Accordingly, additional chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains were designed with N- and C-terminal regions of gp120, Interface Residue Set A, and the gp41 ectodomain from a first HIV-1 strain, and the remainder of gp120 from a second HIV-1 strain (these chimeras include reference to “Interface Residue Set A” in columns 6 or 7 of the tables in Table 13). These chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains include an expanded “platform” on which a chimeric gp120 sequence can be presented to the immune system.

A chimeric HIV-1-Env construct was synthesized that includes gp120 residues 31-45 and 478-507, and gp41 residues 512-664 from the BG505 strain with SOSIP and 332N substitutions (e.g., as set forth as SEQ ID NO: 3), and the remainder of the gp120 residues (46-477) from the 3301_V1_C24 HIV-1 strain (SEQ ID NO: 751), which is a clade C virus. The protease cleavage site separating gp120/gp41 was mutated to include six arginine residues, and the C-terminus of gp41 was set at position 664 (all HIV-1 Env numbering according to the HXB2 nomenclature). The amino acid sequence of the resulting chimeric Env protein is provided as SEQ ID NO: 384 (3301_V1_C24_bg505-NCgp120+gp41.SOSIP). Additional variants were designed and produced, including a chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer having gp41, and gp120 N- and C-terminal region sequences from the BG505 strain (with SOSIP substitutions), with the remaining gp120 sequence from the ZM53, or 25925-2.22 strains. The corresponding chimeric proteins were termed ZM53_BG505-NCgp120_gp41.SOSIP (SEQ ID NO: 386), 25925-2.22_BG505-NCgp120_gp41.SOSIP (SEQ ID NO: 383), and 3301_V1_C24_BG505-NCgp120+gp41.SOSIP (SEQ ID NO: 384). Expression and purification was performed as described in Examples 1 and 2 above.

A further variant was produced, SEQ ID NO: 382 (CNE58_SU-strandC_bg505-NCgp120+gp41.SOSIP) that includes gp41 and gp120 N- and C-terminal regions (31-45 and 478-507, respectively) from BG505.SOSIP.664, with residues 166-173 (V1V2 strand C) from CAP256 SU, and the rest of gp120 from the CNE58 strain. DNA constructs encoding the chimeric Env proteins were transfected in HEK 293 F cells using 1 mg plasmid DNA and 250 μg plasmid encoding Furin as described previously (Sanders, PLoS pathogens 9, e1003618, 2013, incorporated by reference herein). Transfection supernatants were harvested after 7 days, and constructs that ended at residue 664 were purified using a GNA-Lectin affinity column as described in Pejchal et al., Science, 334: 1097-1103, 2011, incorporated by reference herein. Briefly, supernatants were passed over the GNA-lectin-affinity column and after washing with PBS, bound proteins were eluted with 1 M methyl α-D-mannoside. The eluate was concentrated to less than 5 ml using a Centricon-70 and applied to a Superdex 200 column, equilibrated in phosphate buffered saline. The peak corresponding to trimeric HIV-1 Env was identified, pooled, and concentrated or flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

Constructs were also designed with a C-terminal Thrombin cleavage site, His₆-tag, Streptactin II tag to enable purification as described in McLellan et al. Science 340, 1113-1117, 2013. Briefly, supernatants were harvested after 7 days, and passed over NiNTA affinity column. After washing with PBS, bound proteins were eluted with 250 mM imidazole. The eluate was concentrated to less than 3 ml using a Centricon-70 and applied to a 2 ml Streptactin column, equilibrated in phosphate buffered saline. The sample was eluted in 8 ml of elution buffer. The eluate was concentrated to less than 5 ml using a Centricon-70 and applied to a Superdex 200 column, equilibrated in phosphate buffered saline. The peak corresponding to trimeric HIV-1 Env was identified, pooled, and concentrated or flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

The 3301_V1_C24_bg505-NCgp120+gp41.SOSIP and ZM53_BG505-NCgp120_gp41.SOSIP chimeras had nearly full gp120/gp41 cleavage, as shown by SDS-page (FIG. 48, left). Further, these chimeras eluted from the purification column in trimeric form under a single peak (FIG. 48, right). The antigenicity of the 3301_V1_C24_bg505-NCgp120+gp41.SOSIP, ZM53_BG505-NCgp120_gp41.SOSIP, 25925-2.22_BG505-NCgp120_gp41.SOSIP, and 3301_V1_C24_BG505-NCgp120+gp41.SOSIP chimeric HIV-1 Env trimers was interrogated using Meso Scale Discovery multi-array electro-chemiluminescence (FIG. 49). As illustrated in FIG. 49, the chimeras specifically bound to quaternary specific antibodies, but not to non- or poorly-neutralizing antibodies.

Additional variants were designed and produced, including a chimeric HIV-1 Env including a BG505 gp120 sequence with SOSIP substitutions, and a CAP45 gp41 sequence. The sequence of this chimera is provided as SEQ ID NO: 772. Structural analysis of the gp120 and gp41 contacts confirm that there is minimal disruption between the gp120-gp41 interface when substituting this strain. The BG505.SOSIP/CAP45 chimera had nearly full gp120/gp41 cleavage, as shown by SDS-page (FIG. 50, left). Further, antigenic analysis by ELISA confirmed that this chimera specifically bound to quaternary specific antibodies, but not to non- or poorly-neutralizing antibodies (FIG. 50, right).

The neutralization profile of several neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies was compared with the antigenic profile of a chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain based on the native DU156 virus. As shown in FIG. 51, the neutralization profile correlates with the antigenic profile, particularly for the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain including the 201C/433C substitutions.

Many additional chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain proteins were designed and produced, including those provided as SEQ ID NOs: 379-386, 579-595, 764-772, 856-1056, 1077-1098, and 1114-1200. The details of the design of each of these chimeric Env proteins are provided in Table 13. Additional recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains including stabilizing substitutions and based on more HIV-1 strains were also produced, including those provided as SEQ ID NOs: 1057-1077. The recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomains were expressed in cells and the corresponding antigenic characteristics of each ectodomain was evaluated by bind antibody binding assay.

Binding to several different antibodies was assayed to evaluate the antigenic profile of each the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins (FIGS. 44 and 53). The antibodies tested included VRC26 and PGT145 (which bind V1V2 specific epitopes present on the prefusion mature closed conformation of HIV-1 Env), F105 (which binds an epitope that is not present on the prefusion mature closed conformation of HIV-1 Env), 17b (which binds a CD4-induced epitope) in the presence or absence of sCD4, PGT151 and 35O22 (which bind conformational epitopes including gp120 and gp41 residues of HIV-1 Env in its prefusion mature conformation), PGT122 (which binds a conformation epitope including V1V2 and V3-glycan residues), 447-52D (which binds a V3-loop epitope), and VRC01 (which binds the CD4 binding site).

FIG. 53 shows the antigenic readout of many chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains, each of which was stabilized in a prefusion mature conformation using the SOSIP substitutions and a 201C-433C disulfide bond. The antigenicity assays show that all of the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins tested exhibited little to no binding to the 17b antibody, even in the presence of a molar excess of soluble CD4. This finding illustrates the effectiveness of this mutation (201C-433C) for stabilizing the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in a conformation that is resistant to CD4-induced change.

Additionally, bioinformatics algorithms were used to identify chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains that exhibited relatively strong binding to quaternary-specific antibodies (e.g., VRC26) and relatively weak binding to weakly neutralizing antibodies (e.g., F105). Based on these algorithms, several chimeras of particular interest were identified, including the following:

DU422.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 964)

ZM106.9-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 1025)

CH038.12-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 938)

16055-2.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 872)

ZM55.28a-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 1098)

CH117.4-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 940)

ZM53.12-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 1034)

25925-2.22-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 881)

BI369.9A-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 924)

3301.V1.C24-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 888)

CAP45.G3-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 937)

C1080.c3-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 930)

286.36-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 856)

MW965.26-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 978)

CNE55-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 953)

C4118.09-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 933)

DU156.12-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 962)

TH966.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 1010)

6545.V4.C1-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 908)

620345.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 902)

0921.V2.C14-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 871)

AC10.29-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 917)

QH209.14M.A2-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 990)

MB201.A1-chim_d7324.201C-433C (SEQ ID NO: 973)

These chimeras include gp120 sequences from several different HIV-1 subtypes, including subtype A (BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2), subtype B (AC10.29), subtype C (0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9), subtype CRF AC (3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1), subtype CFR AE (620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8) and subtype CRF BC (CH038.12, CH117.4). Thus, these results demonstrate that the strategies for stabilizing chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains in the prefusion mature closed conformation disclosed herein can be applied across a diverse array of HIV-1 strains.

Based on the antigenic characteristics of the assayed chimeras, additional chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains were constructed. By comparing the sequences for assayed chimeras with good antigenic characteristics (e.g., strong binding to VRC26 and low binding to F105) to chimeras with poor antigenic characteristics (e.g., low binding to VRC26 and strong binding to F105), residue positions within gp120 that had different amino acid composition in the former vs. the latter set of chimeras were identified using bioinformatics algorithms. In a non-limiting embodiment, such residue positions included Residue Set B (SEQ 1114-1142): 133-134, 164, 169, 308, and 316 from BG505. In another non-limiting embodiment, such residue positions included the expanded set Residue Set C (SEQ 1143-1171: 49, 133-134, 149-152, 164, 169, 188, 190, 211, 223, 252, 281, 293, 308, 316, 336, 340, 352, 360, 362-363, 369, 372, 393, 410, 432, 442, 444, 446, 474, and 476 from BG505. In another non-limiting embodiment, such residue positions included the expanded set Residue Set C+Residue Set D (SEQ 1172-1200): 46, 60, 62-63, 84-85, 87, 99, 102, 130, 132, 135, 153, 158, 160-161, 165-167, 171-173, 175, 177-178, 181, 184-185, 189, 202, 232, 234, 236, 240, 268-271,275, 277, 287, 289, 292, 295, 297, 305, 315, 317, 319, 322, 328, 330, 332-335, 337, 339, 343-347, 350-351, 357, 371, 375, 379, 387, 389, 394, 411, 412-413, 415, 424, 426, 429, 440, 460-461, 465, 475, and 477 from BG505.

Example 6 Protein Nanoparticles Including Recombinant HIV-1 Env Proteins

This example provides an exemplary protocol for producing a protein nanoparticle including a recombinant HIV-1 Env protein that is stabilized in a prefusion mature conformation.

BG505 SOSIP.664 linked to nanoparticles (e.g. Ferritin) was cotransfected with furin in HEK 293 S GnTI−/− cells using 500 μgs plasmid DNA and 125 μgs of furin. Transfection supernatants were harvested after 7 days, and passed over either a 2G12 antibody- or VRC01 antibody-affinity column. After washing with PBS, bound proteins were eluted with 3M MgCl₂, 10 mM Tris pH 8.0. The eluate was concentrated to less than 5 ml with Centricon-70 and applied to a Superdex 200 column, equilibrated in 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.02% azide. The peak corresponding to the nanoparticle size was identified, pooled, and concentrated or flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C.

Alternatively, other methods as described in Kanekiyo et al., Nature, 499, 102-106, 2013, incorporated by reference herein, can be used to purify nanoparticles including recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins.

Example 7 Immunization of Animals

This example describes exemplary procedures for the immunization of animals with the disclosed immunogens, and measurement of the corresponding immune response.

In some examples nucleic acid molecules encoding the disclosed immunogens are cloned into expression vector CMV/R. Expression vectors are then transfected into 293F cells using 293Fectin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). Seven days after transfection, cell culture supernatant is harvested and passed over either a 2G12 antibody- or VRC01 antibody-affinity column. After washing with PBS, bound proteins were eluted with 3M MgCl₂, 10 mM Tris pH 8.0. The eluate was concentrated to less than 5 ml with Centricon-70 and applied to a Superdex 200 column, equilibrated in 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.02% azide. The peak corresponding to trimeric HIV-1 Env was identified, pooled, and concentrated or flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C. Some proteins are purified using HiTrap IMAC HP Column (GE, Piscataway, N.J.), and subsequent gel-filtration using SUPERDEX™ 200 (GE). In some examples the 6×His tag is cleaved off using 3C protease (Novagen, Madison, Wis.).

For vaccinations with the disclosed immunogens 4-6 months old guinea pigs (Strain Hartley)(Charles River Laboratories, MA) are immunized using polyIC (High molecular weight, InvivoGen Inc, CA) as the adjuvant. Specifically, four guinea pigs in each group are vaccinated with 25 μg of protein and 100 μg of polyIC in 400 μl intramuscularly (both legs, 200 μl each leg) for example at week 0, 4, 8, 12, 22. Sera are collected for example at week 2 (Post-1), 6 (Post-2), 10 (Post-3), 14 (Post-4) and 24 (Post-5), and subsequently analyzed for their neutralization activities against a panel of HIV-1 strains, and the profile of antibodies that mediate the neutralization.

The immunogens are also used to probe for guinea pig anti-sera for existence of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in the anti-sera, such as antibodies that compete for binding to the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer with PGT122, PGT145, PGT151, and/or VRC26.

Example 8 Immunization of Non-Human Primates

This example describes exemplary procedures for the immunization of non-human primates with the disclosed immunogens, and measurement of the corresponding immune response.

In some examples nucleic acid molecules encoding the disclosed immunogens are cloned into expression vector CMV/R. Expression vectors are then transfected into 293F cells using 293Fectin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). Seven days after transfection, cell culture supernatant is harvested and passed over either a 2G12 antibody- or VRC01 antibody-affinity column. After washing with PBS, bound proteins were eluted with 3M MgCl₂, 10 mM Tris pH 8.0. The eluate was concentrated to less than 5 ml with Centricon-70 and applied to a Superdex 200 column, equilibrated in 5 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.02% azide. The peak corresponding to trimeric HIV-1 Env was identified, pooled, and concentrated or flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C. Some proteins are purified using HiTrap IMAC HP Column (GE, Piscataway, N.J.), and subsequent gel-filtration using SUPERDEX™ 200 (GE). In some examples the 6×His tag is cleaved off using 3C protease (Novagen, Madison, Wis.).

For vaccinations with the disclosed immunogens, Indian origin Rhesus Macaque (bodyweights more than 2 kg) are immunized with polyIC-LC as the adjuvant. Specifically, five monkeys in each group are vaccinated with 100 μg of protein and 500 μg polyIC-LC in 1 ml intramuscularly in the Quadriceps muscle for example at week 0, 4, 20. Sera are collected for example at week 2 (Post-1), 6 (Post-2), 24 (Post-3), and subsequently analyzed for their neutralization activities against a panel of HIV-1 strains, and the profile of antibodies that mediate the neutralization.

The immunogens are also used to probe for Rhesus Macaque anti-sera for existence of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in the anti-sera, such as antibodies that compete for binding to the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer with PGT122, PGT145, PGT151, and/or VRC26.

Example 9 Assaying Serum Neutralization Activity

Following immunization with a disclosed immunogen (e.g., as described above) serum can be collected at appropriate time points, frozen, and stored for neutralization testing. The serum neutralization activity can be assayed using various assays, such as a pseudoviruses neutralization assay.

In some embodiments, the serum neutralization activity can be assayed essentially as previously described (see, e.g., Georgiev et al., Science, 340, 751-756, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Briefly, frozen serum from the immunized subject is heat-inactivated at 56° C. for 30 min prior to the assay. Pseudovirus stocks are prepared by co-transfection of 293T cells with an HIV-1 Env-deficient backbone and an expression plasmid for the Env gene of interest. The serum to be assayed is diluted in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium-10% FCS (Gibco) and mixed with pseudovirus. After 30 min, 10,000 TZM-bl cells are added, and the plates are incubated for 48 hours. Assays are developed with a luciferase assay system (Promega, Madison, Wis.), and the relative light units (RLU) are read on a luminometer (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, Mass.). The percent neutralization is calculated as follows: % neutralization=100×(V₀−V_(n))/V_(o), where V_(n) is the RLU in the virus and antibody wells and V₀ is the RLU in the virus-only wells. The reciprocal dilution at which 50% of the virus is neutralized (ID50) is computed for each virus-serum pair. To account for background, a cutoff of ID50>=40 is used as a criterion for the presence of serum neutralization activity against a given virus.

Standard panels of Env proteins from selected HIV-1 strains have been developed for co-expression with the Env-deficient backbone in the neutralization assay (see, e.g., Georgiev et al., Science, 340, 751-756, 2013, incorporated by reference herein). For example, the standard panel can include Env proteins from HIV-1 strains from Clade A (KER2018.11, Q23.17, Q168.a2, Q769.h5, and RW020.2), Clade B (BaL.01, 6101.10, BG1168.01, CAAN.A2, JR-FL, JR-CSF.JB, PVO.4, THRO4156.18, TRJO4551.58, TRO.11, and YU2), and Clade C (DU156.12, DU422.01, ZA012.29, ZM55.28a, and ZM106.9). An additional standard panel is provided in Table S5 of Georgiev et al. (Science, 340, 751-756, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety) and Table 1 of Seaman et al., J. Virol., 84, 1439-1452, 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).

Example 10 Treatment of Subjects

This example describes methods that can be used to treat a subject that has or is at risk of having an infection from HIV-1 that can be treated by eliciting an immune response, such as a neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1. In particular examples, the method includes screening a subject having, thought to have or at risk of having a HIV-1 infection. Subjects of an unknown infection status can be examined to determine if they have an infection, for example using serological tests, physical examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radiological screening or other diagnostic technique known to those of skill in the art. In some examples, subjects are screened to identify a HIV-1 infection, with a serological test, or with a nucleic acid probe specific for a HIV-1. Subjects found to (or known to) have a HIV-1 infection can be administered a disclosed immunogen (such as a recombinant HIV-1 Env stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation) that can elicit an antibody response to HIV. Subjects may also be selected who are at risk of developing HIV, such as subjects exposed to HIV.

Subjects selected for treatment can be administered a therapeutic amount of a disclosed immunogen as disclosed herein. For example, a disclosed HIV-1 Env protein stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation can be administered at doses of 0.5 μg/kg body weight to about 1 mg/kg body weight per dose, such as 1 μg/kg body weight-100 μg/kg body weight per dose, 100 μg/kg body weight-500 μg/kg body weight per dose, or 500 μg/kg body weight-1000 μg/kg body weight per dose. However, the particular dose can be determined by a skilled clinician. The immunogen can be administered in one or several doses, for example in a prime-boost vaccination. The mode of administration can be any used in the art. The amount of agent administered to the subject can be determined by a clinician, and may depend on the particular subject treated. Specific exemplary amounts are provided herein (but the disclosure is not limited to such doses).

Example 11 Inducing a Neutralizing Immune Response in an Animal Model

This example provides data showing that a HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in the prefusion mature conformation can induce a neutralizing immune response in multiple animal models.

Two months old Hartley guinea pigs (four animals per study group) or New Zealand white rabbits (five animals per study group) were immunized at weeks 0, 4, and 16, as follows: Guinea pigs

1) BG505 SOSIP (25 μg) and polyIC (100 μg) as adjuvant

2) BG505 SOSIP DS (25 μg) and polyIC (100 μg) as adjuvant

3) BG505 SOSIP (25 μg) and Matrix M (25 μg) as adjuvant

4) BG505 SOSIP DS (25 μg) and Matrix M (25 μg) as adjuvant Rabbits

1) BG505 SOSIP (30 μg) and Matrix M (30 μg) as adjuvant

2) BG505 SOSIP DS (30 μg) and Matrix M (30 μg) as adjuvant

Serum collected from immunized rabbits (FIG. 54A) or guinea pigs (FIG. 54B) was assayed for binding to BG505.SOSIP trimer and a V3 peptide. The immunization groups elicited comparable anti-BG505 trimer or anti-V3 peptide antibodies in rabbits (p<0.05, week 18, Mann Whitney t-test).

Serum collected at weeks 6 and 18 was also tested for neutralization activity against a panel of HIV-1 strains (FIG. 55). Sera from immunized animals were assessed for virus neutralization using a single round infection assay of TZM-bl cells to determine IC₅₀ values. As shown in FIG. 55, the BG505 SOSIP DS immunogen elicited an immune response that neutralized both autologous virus (BG505.W6M.C2.T332N) and V3 directed tier 1 virus (MW965.26) infection, as measured by IC value. As expected because rabbits and guinea pigs do not express CD4, the neutralization activity of sera from BG505 SOSIP DS and BG505 SOSIP immunized animals was similar.

Methods

Immunogen Preparation.

HIV-1 Env trimer preparation was performed substantially as described in Example 2. The BG505.SOSIP.664 HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer (SEQ ID NO: 3) or the BG505.SOSIP.664.201C-433C HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer (SEQ ID NO: 26) were used. Trimers were purified by affinity chromatography over a VRC01 column, purified by gel filtration over a Superdex 200 16/60 (GE Healthcare) column in buffer containing 5 mM HEPES 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.02% NaN3, and finally, passed through a 447-52D column to remove aberrant trimer species (as described in Example 2 and illustrated in FIG. 36). The materials used for immunization were tested using Meso-Scale Discovery-Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (MSD-ECLIA) Analysis as described in Example 2 to confirm antigenic properties (binding to broadly neutralizing antibodies).

Immunizations.

Guinea pig injections consisted of 25 μg of Env trimer formulated in a 400 ul volume in PBS, with 100 μg of PolylC adjuvant (HMW, Invivogen) or 25 μg Matrix M (Novavax; see Reimer et al., PLoS One, 7(7):e41451, 2012). For rabbit studies, 30 μg of Env trimer was formulated with 30 μg Matrix M in a 1 ml volume in PBS. The immunization was administered intramuscularly as two separate injections into each quadriceps. PolylC adjuvant was prepared by making a 2 mg/ml stock solution in saline, heating the necessary amount for 10 min at 70° C., and cooling at room temperature for 1 hour prior to injection. Immunizations were performed on weeks 0, 4, and 16. Blood draws for immune assessment included a prebleed −1 week sample, followed by blood draws 2 weeks after each immunization. Collected sera were heat inactivated for 1 hour at 56° C. before being analyzed.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) for Anti-V3 Peptide Responses.

96 well plates (Reacti-Bind®, Pierce) were coated with 100 μl/well of 2 μg/ml peptide in PBS overnight at 4° C. (MW965.26 V3 peptide: TRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQTFYATG (residues 265-287 of SEQ ID NO: 2); BG505 V3 peptide: TRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATG (residues 296-318 of SEQ ID NO: 2), amino acid difference underlined). For each consecutive step following coating, plates were washed 5 times with PBS-T (PBS+0.05% tween) and incubated at 37° C. for 1 hour. After coating, plates were blocked with 200 μl/well of blocking buffer (B3T: 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, 3.3% fetal bovine serum, 2% bovine albumin, 0.07% Tween 20, 0.02% thimerosal). Next, guinea pig sera was diluted in B3T and added in 5-fold serial dilutions to the plates. Then goat anti-guinea pig antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (KPL, Gaithersburg, Md.,) at a 1:10,000 dilution in B3T was added to each well. TMB substrate (SureBlue™, KPL, Gaithersburg, Md., cat #52-00-03) was used to develop plates for 10 minutes before 1N sulfuric acid was added to stop the reaction without washing beforehand. Plates were read at 450 nm (Molecular Devices, SpectraMax using SoftMax Pro 5 software) and the final optical density was determined after the horseradish peroxidase nonspecific background binding was subtracted.

D7324—Capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) for Anti-BG505 Envelope Trimer Responses.

96 well plates (Reacti-Bind®, Pierce) were coated with 100 μl/well of 2 μg/ml of anti-D7324 antibody (Aalto Bioreagents, Dublin, Ireland) in PBS overnight at 4 degrees Celsius. After coating, plates were blocked for 1 hour at room temperature with PBS+5% skim milk (Difco, Bectin, Dickinson and Company). Plates were then washed five times with PBS-T (PBS+0.2% tween-20) before adding 0.5 μg/ml of BG505 SOSIP.664-D7324 trimer diluted in PBS+10% FBS for two hours at room temperature. After the addition of the trimer, subsequent procedures mimic the anti-V3 ELISAs except dilutions were made in PBS-T instead of B3T.

HIV-1 Neutralization Assays.

Sera from immunized animals were assessed for virus neutralization using previously described methods (Li et al., J. Virol., 79, 10108-10125, 2005). In the single round infection assay, a reduction in a luciferase luminescence indicates neutralization activity. Target cells were TZM-bl cells, which are a clonal HeLa cell line expressing CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5. Upon infection, the HIV-1 viral protein Tat induces a luciferase reporter gene, whose expression is measured as relative light units. Data are represented as the inhibitory reciprocal dilutions of sera required to inhibit either 50% of infection (IC₅₀), calculated using a regression fit as previously described.

Example 12 Membrane Anchored HIV-1 Env Ectodomain Trimers

This example illustrates production and antigenicity of exemplary HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation that include a transmembrane domain for anchoring to the cell surface.

Numerous HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation were linked to a transmembrane domain and expressed in cells for anchoring to the cell membrane, as listed below. Variation within the membrane anchored sequences includes strain (including chimeras), single chain or not (e.g., sc15ln (15 A.A. linker between gp120/gp41), sc10ln (10 A.A. linker between gp120/gp41)), stabilizing mutations (e.g., SOS, DS, IP, or combinations thereof), linker between position 664 and the TM domain (e.g., MPER sequence, or 10ln (10 A.A. linker)), TM domain (e.g, HA or HIV-1 TM), and presence or absence of a cytoplasmic tail. Exemplary constructs are listed below

TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1765)

6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1766)

R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1767)

ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1768)

ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1769)

ZM53.12-chim_sc101ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1770)

R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM (SEQ ID NO: 1771)

CNE55-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1772)

6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM (SEQ ID NO: 1773)

DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1774)

25925-2.22-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1775)

CNE58-chim_sc101ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1776)

16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1777)

TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM (SEQ ID NO: 1778)

ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM (SEQ ID NO: 1779)

ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM (SEQ ID NO: 1780)

BI369.9A-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1781)

ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM (SEQ ID NO: 1782)

16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM (SEQ ID NO: 1783)

ZM55.28a-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HA™ (SEQ ID NO: 1784)

A FACS-based assay was used to interrogate the antigenicity of the membrane anchored HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers. Briefly, expression vectors encoding an immunogen of interest were transfected into cells in a 96-well format. The cells were harvested 2 or 3 days following transfection, and stained with antibodies specific for trimeric HIV-1 Env (such as VRC26, PGT145, or PGT151), non-trimer specific but broadly neutralizing antibodies (such as VRC01 or PGT128) and non-trimer specific poorly neutralizing antibodies (such as 447-52D). The cells were then stained with appropriate secondary antibody, and analyzed by FACS to assay for antigenicity and expression.

FIG. 56 lists the antigenic characteristics of the constructs listed above. The designed with the most desirable antigenic characteristics were those with a single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomain including a 10 amino acid peptide linker between gp120 and gp41, the “IP” substitution, and a 10 amino acid peptide linker or the native MPER sequence between residue 664 of gp41 and a TM domain, such as the HA™ domain or the HIV-1 Env™ domain.

Example 13 HIV-1 Env Ectodomain Trimer Immunogens Based on Ontogeny of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

This example illustrates chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer immunogens stabilized in the prefusion mature closed conformation that include a V1V2 domain sequence that (1) bind to mature broadly neutralizing antibodies that target the V1V2 domain, as well as immature somatic precursors thereof, and that (2) are from a strain of HIV-1 that can be neutralized by V1V2-directed broadly neutralizing antibodies produced by multiple donors.

Antibodies capable of neutralizing a majority of circulating HIV-1 isolates develop in approximately half of those infected with HIV-1 for over five years (Hraber, P. et al. AIDS 28, 163-9 (2014). Intense interest has focused on these antibodies, as they provide clues to how an effective vaccine might be developed (Burton, D. R. et al. Nat Immunol 5, 233-6 (2004); Haynes, B. F., Kelsoe, G., Harrison, S.C. & Kepler, T.B. Nature biotechnology 30, 423-33 (2012). In specific, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs)—that arise in multiple donors and share common features of Env recognition and B-cell ontogeny—may have utility as vaccine templates, due to the potential for similar antibodies to be elicited by a common immunogen (or common set of immunogens) in the general population (Kwong, P. D. & Mascola, J. R. Immunity 37, 412-25 (2012), Jardine, J. et al. Science 340, 711-6 (2013).

An increasing number of such “multidonor” bNAbs have been identified, such as those of the VRC01 class (named for the first antibody of the class), which share ‘class’ features of molecular recognition and B-cell ontogeny (Scheid, J. F. et al. Science 333, 1633-7 (2011); Wu, X. et al. Science 333, 1593-602 (2011); Zhou, T. et al. Immunity 39, 245-58 (2013); Zhou, T. et al. Cell 161, 1280-92 (2015)). This commonality has motivated the development of immunogens, designed to target class-specific features of recognition and to overcome class-specific roadblocks in developmental ontogeny, and success with this strategy has been achieved with immunogens capable of priming the initial stage of VRC01-class development in mouse models (Dosenovic, P. et al. Cell 161, 1505-15 (2015); Jardine, J. G. et al. Science 349, 156-61 (2015), each of which is incorporated by reference herein).

Structures of the ligand-free forms of these antibodies reveal a protruding third heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR H3), which is anionic, often tyrosine sulfated, and critical for Env interaction. The epitope appears to be quaternary in nature and to include an N-linked glycan at residue 160 along with strand C of V1V2. In terms of B-cell ontogeny, approximations of the unmutated common ancestor (UCA) have been inferred for V1V2-directed bNAb lineages from donors CH0219 and CAP256 (Bonsignori, M. et al. J Virol 85, 9998-10009 (2011); Doria-Rose, N. A. et al. Nature 509, 55-62 (2014), each of which his incorporated by reference herein), which indicate the long anionic CDR H3 to be a product of recombination. Initial recognition of UCA (or of V-gene reverted approximations) appears to be restricted to select strains of HIV-1 (e.g. CAP256-SU or ZM233), to use similar D genes and in some cases related V genes, and to contain similar motifs (e.g. YYD) in the CDR H3.

While antibodies against the same supersite of HIV-1 vulnerability often show diverse modes of recognition, bNAbs against the membrane-distal V1V2 apex of pre-fusion closed conformation of HIV-1 Env appear to share a number of characteristics. Thus far, V1V2-directed bNAbs have been identified in four donors: the CH0219 donor, with bNAbs CH01-CH04 (Bonsignori, M. et al. J Virol 85, 9998-10009 (2011)); the CAP256 donor, with bNAbs CAP256-VRC26.01-12 (Doria-Rose, N. A. et al. Nature 509, 55-62 (2014); the IAVI 24 donor, with bNAbs PG9 and PG16 (Walker, L. M. et al. Science 326, 285-9 (2009); and the IAVI 84 donor with bNAbs PGT141-145 (Walker, L. M. et al. Nature 477, 466-70 (2011) and PGDM1400-1412 (Sok, D. et al. Recombinant HIV envelope trimer selects for quaternary-dependent antibodies targeting the trimer apex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111, 17624-9 (2014).

Neutralization screening with UCA and intermediates of V1V2-directed bNAbs was used to engineer antigens capable of interacting with developmental intermediates. Altogether the structural similarities in antibody recognition along with ontogeny similarities (and differences) in development indicate the V1V2-directed bNAbs to form an ‘extended class’, which do not necessarily share genetic commonalities, but nonetheless display a characteristic mode of antigen interaction. Extended-class immunogens—such as the soluble chimeric trimers disclosed herein through an ontogeny-based chimera strategy—provide a general means for eliciting bNAbs against specific sites of Env vulnerability.

V1V2 Chimeras

Several HIV-1 Env molecules that specifically bind to mature broadly neutralizing antibodies that target the V1V2 domain, as well as immature somatic precursors thereof, were identified (FIG. 57). These include Env proteins from the CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, and WITO.33 strains of HIV-1. To identify the HIV-1 strains shown in FIG. 57, mature and reverted V1V2-directed bNAbs were tested for neutralization across ˜200 exemplary HIV-1 isolates. The V1V2 sequence of each of the HIV-1 strains (positions 126-196, HXB2 numbering) is shown, with the A, B, C, C′ and D secondary structures indicated.

With regard to FIG. 57, inferred ancestor and intermediates of V1V2-directed bNAbs neutralize a common set of HIV-1 isolates. Mature and reverted V1V2-directed bNAbs were tested for neutralization across ˜200 HIV-1 isolates. “Neutralized” represents the number of HIV-1 strains with IC₅₀ of less than 50 mg/ml, and “Total” indicates the number of HIV-1 strains tested; IC₅₀ for select strains is indicated by an enlarged colored dot. The reverted antibodies were previously identified, see, e.g., Bonsignori et al., J. Virol., 85(19):9998-10009, 2011, which is incorporated by reference herein.

HIV-1 strains neutralized by the broadly neutralizing antibody revertants shown in FIG. 57 were ranked according to probabilities obtained by frequentist analysis, for which enhancement in likelihood of interaction with the earliest neutralizers is provided. The fold enhancement of interaction probability for the selected strains relative to a random strain from the ˜200-virus panel using a frequentist approach is shown in the following table, as evaluated based on (i) all 13 antibodies in FIG. 57, (ii) mature antibodies (CH04, PG9, CAP256-CAP256.08, and PGT145), (iii) non-mature antibodies, (iv) germline or UCA antibodies (CH0219-UCA, PG9-gHgL, PGT145-gHgL, CAP256-VRC26.UCA), (v) intermediate antibodies (non-mature or non-germline/UCA), and (vi) earliest neutralizers (CH0219-UCA, PG9-gHgL, PGT145-gHL, CAP256-VRC26.I1). The enhancement of interaction probability for using nine selected strains compared to a random strain is also shown.

Mature Non-Mature Intermediate Germline and Earliest Strain All Abs Abs Abs Abs UCA Abs neutralizers Fold enhancement of interaction probability for each selected strain WITO.33 2.07 1.23 4.28 3.45 14.98 23.02 ZM233.6 2.24 1.63 4.28 2.3 29.96 23.02 T250-4 2.36 1.63 4.28 4.6 0 11.51 CH070.1 1.77 1.23 3.21 2.3 14.98 11.51 BB201.B42 2.07 1.63 3.21 2.3 14.98 11.51 KER2018.11 2.07 1.63 3.21 2.3 14.98 11.51 Q23.17 2.07 1.63 3.21 2.3 14.98 11.51 A244 2.36 1.63 4.28 3.45 14.98 11.51 CAP256.SU 2.07 1.63 3.21 3.45 0 11.51 Fold enhancement of interaction probability for using the nine selected strains 3.25 1.63 7.48 5.76 29.96 46.04

Chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer immunogens were produced that include the V1V2 domain sequence (positions 126-196) of the CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33 strains of HIV-1, with the remainder including BG505.SOSIP.DS.368R sequence (including gp120 positions 31-125 and 197-511 and gp41 positions 512-644), as follows: Q23.17 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2126), ZM233.6 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2125), WITO.33 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2128), A244 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2127), BB201.B42 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2122), KER2018.11 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2123), CH070.1 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2124), CAP256.SU chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2121), and T-250-4 chimera (SEQ ID NO: 2129).

The transplanted V1V2 region is illustrated in FIG. 58A. FIG. 58B shows an exemplary gel filtration and negative stain EM (2D class averages) of a representative chimera, BG505 SOSIP.664.DS.368R.CAP256-SU. The binding of the soluble chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains to the ancestors, intermediates, and mature V1V2-directed bNAbs listed in FIG. 57 was assayed by ELISA (FIG. 58C). Additionally, these chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers were incubated with a molar excess of soluble CD4 and tested for binding to 17b mAb—none of the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers specifically bound to 17b in the presence of sCD4. Further, each of the chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers did not specifically bind to the poorly neutralizing antibody 447-52D, but did specifically bind to V1V2 targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies such as PGT145, VRC26, PGT121, and/or 2G12.

426c and d45-01dG5 Chimeras

Additional chimeras were generated that combine the BG505 “platform” described in Example 5, with a V1V2 domain from a CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33 strain as described in this example, with the remainder of the gp120 portion of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain from a HIV-1 Env molecule known to interact with mature and UCA forms of VRC01-class antibodies (such as Env from the clade C 426c strain with N276D, N460D, N463D substitutions (see Wu et al., Cell, 161, 470-485, 2015, which is incorporated by reference herein), or Env from the clade B d45-01dG5 strain (see McGuire et al., J Exp. Med., 210, 655-663, 2013, incorporated by reference herein).

The amino acid sequence of 426c Env with N276D, N460D, N463D substitutions is provided as SEQ ID NO: 2144. The amino acid sequence of d45-01dG5 Env is provided as SEQ ID NO: 2145. These ectodomain trimers have unique antigenic characteristics that provide for binding to mature and UCA forms of multiple classes or broadly neutralizing antibodies (targeting the CD4 binding site and the V1V2 domain) and can be used to induce an immune response to HIV-1 Env in a subject. These immunogens are of particular interest for use as a “prime” immunogen in a prime-boost immunization protocol for eliciting an immune response to HIV-1 Env.

The chimeric Env ectodomains included the sequences from the following (HXB2 numbering):

For the 426c chimera:

BG505 “platform”: 31-45 and 478-507, 512-664;

V1V2 domain: positions 126-196 from CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33

426c: 46-125, 197-478

This chimeric Env ectodomain further included SOSIP substitutions, DS substitutions (201C/433C), and N276D, N460D, N463D substitutions to eliminate the glycosylation sites at positions 276, 460, 463.

For the d45-01dG5 chimera:

BG505: 31-45 and 478-507, 512-664 with SOSIP substitutions;

V1V2 domain: 126-196 positions 126-196 from CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, or WITO.33

This chimeric Env ectodomain further included SOSIP substitutions and DS substitutions (201C/433C). The donor 45_01dG5 Env naturally lacks a glycan at 276 and 460 and this is sufficient to allow UCA forms of VRC-01 class antibodies to bind. Specific examples of sequences of such chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains are provided as SEQ ID NOs: 2146-2159.

As proof-of-principle, a chimera was generated that includes the BG505 “platform” (positions 31-45 and 478-507, 512-664), with the remainder of gp120 from the 426c strain with mutations of the glycan sequon at positions 276, 460 and 463, and the “DS” substitutions (201C/433C) and tested antigenically (FIG. 60). This construct bound to VRC20 gHgL and VRC01 gHgL UCA antibodies, as well as the indicated neutralizing antibodies.

UCA and intermediate matured antibodies related to known broadly neutralizing antibodies that can be used to interrogate the antigenicity of the disclosed chimeras are known. Non-limiting examples include UCA and intermediate matured antibodies related to VRC26, PGT145, CH01, PG9 (see, e.g., Alam et al., PNAS, 110, 18214-9, 2013; Bonsignori et al, J Virol, 85, 9998-10009, 2011; Bonsignori et al, J Virol, 86, 4688-4692, 2012; doria-rose et al, Nature, 509, 55-62, 2014; Pancera et al., J Virol, 84, 8098-8110, 2010; Walker et al., Nature, 477, 466-470, 2011; each of which is incorporated by reference herein) and VRC01 (see, e.g., Jardine, J. et al. Science 340, 711-6, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein).

Example 14 Recombinant HIV-1 Env Ectodomain Trimers Including BG505 and JRFL Sequences

This example describes chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers that include chimeric sequences having a BG505 “platform,” as well as other BG505 structural elements (such as a V1, V2, and/or V3 domain), with the remaining sequence of the HIV-1 ectodomain based on the JRFL strain of HIV-1.

Chimeric HIV-1 Env ectodomains were expressed that include HIV-1 Env positions 31-507 joined by a 6R cleavable linker to gp41 positions 512-664. The BG505 sequence was used for gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507 and gp41 residues 512-664. Some constructs also included BG505 residues for “Interface Residue Set A” or “Int. Res. Set A:” gp120 positions 46-54, 70-75, 84-89, 99, 102, 106, 107, 114, 215, 220-224, 226, 244, 471-473, and 476-477. Some constructs also included BG505 sequence for particular structural elements, such as the:

V1 loop (gp120 positions 119-153)

V2 loop (gp120 positions 154-205)

Strand C of the V1V2 domain (gp120 positions 166-173)

V3 domain (gp120 positions 296-331)

Positions 191-205

V2 loop and V3 domain

Strand C and V3 domain

Positions 191-205 and Strand C

V1 and V3

V1, Strand C, and V3

V1, V2, and V3

HIV1 Env positions 191-205 are a set of residues in strand D of the V1V2 which forms extensive contacts with the B20-B21 sheets and may help to stabilize the chimeric JRFL molecule. The recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins also included the SOSIP and 201C/433C substitutions (for stabilization) and an E168K substitution to maximize binding to V1V2-directed broadly neutralizing antibodies.

The JRFL sequence was used for the remaining HIV-1 Env sequence. The following recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers were expressed according to methods described in Examples 1 and 2, and their antigenicity was assayed using a panel of antibodies (FIG. 59).

SEQ Name Chimeric positions ID NO JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, V2, V3, gp41 1732 chim, I201C, A433C,_v2_v3 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, V3; gp41 512- 1735 chim, I201C, A433C,_v3 664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1736 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_strC_v3 Strand C, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1738 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_191-205_v3 positions 191-205, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1739 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_v1_v3 positions 191-205, V1, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1741 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_v3 V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1742 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_v2_v3 V2, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1744 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_v1_strC_v3 V1, Strand C, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, V1, V3; gp41 1758 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_v3 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1759 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_v1_191-205_v3 V1, positions 191-205, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, positions 191- 1760 chim, I201C, A433C,_191-205_v3 205, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1761 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_strC_191-205_v3 Strand C, positions 191-205, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, Int. Res. Set A, 1762 chim, +int I201C, A433C,_v1_v2_v3 V1, V2, V3; gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 gp41 BG505: gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-507, V1, Strand C, V3; 1763 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_strC_v3 gp41 512-664; JRFL: remainder Each of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers listed in the above table also included the SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K, I201C, and A433C substitutions.

As illustrated in FIG. 59, each of these recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers has substantially reduced binding to 17b antibody in the presence of sCD4 compared to control BG505.SOSIP, and bound to prefusion mature closed conformation targeted antibodies, such as PGT145. The binding assays were performed as described in Examples 1 and 2. The reduced binding to VRC26 of JRFL based constructs is due to the fact that this antibody interacts poorly with JRFL Env.

Example 15

The following table (Table 13) provides a description of sequences provided herein. Sequence of particular interest for use as immunogens to induce an immune response to HIV-1 Env are marked with a “*”

1 4 5 SEQ 2 3 Native Mutations Compared to 6 7 ID NO Code Name Background Native Background Additional mutations Comment 0001 0 HXB2 MRVKEKYQHLWRWGWRWGTMLLGMLMICSATEKLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLVNVTENFNMWKNDMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVSLK CTDLKNDTNTNSSSGRMIMEKGEIKNCSFNISTSIRGKVQKEYAFFYKLDIIPIDNDTTSYKLTSCNTSVITQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLL LNGSLAEEEVVIRSVNFTDNAKTIIVQLNTSVEINCTRPNNNTRKRIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGKIGNMRQAHCNISRAKWNNTLKQIASKLREQFGNNKTIIFKQSSGGDPEIVTHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQL FNSTWFNSTWSTEGSNNTEGSDTITLPCRIKQIINMWQKVGKAMYAPPISGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGNSNNESEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTKAKRRVVQREKRAVGIGALFL GFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARQLLSGIVQQQNNLLRAIEAQQHLLQLTVWGIKQLQARILAVERYLKDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNASWSNKSLEQIWNHTTWMEWDREINNYTSLIHSLIEESQ NQQEKNEQELLELDKWASLWNWFNITNWLWYIKLFIMIVGGLVGLRIVFAVLSIVNRVRQGYSPLSFQTHLPTPRGPDRPEGIEEEGGERDRDRSIRLVNGSLALIWDDLRSLCLFSYHRLRDLLLIVTR IVELLGRRGWEALKYWWNLLQYWSQELKNSAVSLLNATAIAVAEGTDRVIEVVQGACRAIRHIPRRIRQGLERILL 0002 0 BG505 BG505 MRVMGIQRNCQHLFRWGTMILGMIIICSAAENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYETEKHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEEFNMWKNNMVEQMHTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQC TNVTNNITDDMRGELKNCSFNMTTELRDKKQKVYSLFYRLDVVQINENQGNRSNNSNKEYRLINCNTSAITQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCKDKKFNGTGPCPSVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLL NGSLAEEEVMIRSENITNNAKNILVQFNTPVQINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCTVSKATWNETLGKVVKQLRKHFGNNTIIRFANSSGGDLEVTTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFN STWISNTSVQGSNSTGSNDSITLPCRIKQIINMWQRIGQAMYAPPIQGVIRCVSNITGLILTRDGGSTNSTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRAKRRVVGREKRAVGIGAVFLGFL GAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAIEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQ EKNEQDLLALDKWASLWNWFDISNWLWYIKIFIMIVGGLIGLRIVFAVLSVIHRVRQGYSPLSFQTHTPNPRGLDRPERIEEEDGEQDRGRSTRLVSGFLALAWDDLRSLCLFCYHRLRDFILIAARIVE LLGHSSLKGLRLGWEGLKYLWNLLAYWGRELKISAINLFDTIAIAVAEWTDRVIEIGQRLCRAFLHIPRRIRQGLERALL 0003 A001 BG505 SOSIP BG505 SOSIP 0004 A002 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y191F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y191F Stabilized V1V2 cap 0005 A003 BG505, SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N_Y191W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y191W Stabilized V1V2 cap 0006 A004 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A433P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A433P Disrupt CD4-bound sheet conf. 0007 A005 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q432P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q432P Disrupt CD4-bound sheet conf. 0008 A006 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_S174C/A319C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S174C/A319C DS (disulfide) 0009 A007 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L175C/T320C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L175C/T320C DS 0010 A008 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P220C/A578C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P220C/A578C DS 0011 A009 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A221C/A582C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A221C/A582C DS 0012 A010 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A200C/P313C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A200C/P313C DS 0013 A011 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_498C/W610C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 498C/W610C DS 0014 A012 BG505.IP.R6.664.T332N_G41C/Q540C BG505 IP, R6, 664, T332N G41C/Q540C DS-non SOS context 0015 A013 BG505.IP.R6.664.T332N_P43C/A526C BG505 IP, R6, 664, T332N P43C/A526C DS-non SOS context 0016 A014 BG505.IP.R6.664.T332N_A221C/A582C BG505 IP, R6, 664, T332N A221C/A582C DS-non SOS 0017 A015 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G527C/N88C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G527C/N88C DS 0018 A016 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q540C/P43C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q540C/P43C DS 0019 A017 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_E164C/N197C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N E164C/N197C DS 0020 A018 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P124C/R166C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P124C/R166C DS 0021 A019 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D180C/I423C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N D180C/I423C DS 0022 A020 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N195C/I423C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N195C/I423C DS 0023 A021 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N195C/A433C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N195C/A433C DS 0024 A022 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_S199C/A433C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S199C/A433C DS 0025 A023 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_S199C/G431C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S199C/G431C DS 0026 A024 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I201C/A433C DS AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYETEKHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEEFNMWKNNMVEQMHTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQCTNVTNNITDDMRGELKNCSFNMTTELRDK KQKVYSLFYRLDVVQINENQGNRSNNSNKEYRLINCNTSAcTQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCKDKKFNGTGPCPSVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVMIRSENITNNAKNILVQFNT PVQINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNVSKATWNETLGKVVKQLRKHFGNNTIIRFANSSGGDLEVTTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNSTWISNTSVQGSNSTGSNDSITLPCRIKQ IINMWQRIGQcMYAPPIQGVIRCVSNITGLILTRDGGSTNSTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQ QQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 0027 A025 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T320C/P438C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T320C/P438C DS 0028 A026 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D180C/K421C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N D180C/K421C DS 0029 A027 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M530W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M530W CavF at gp41-tryptophan clasp. Stabilize gp41-tryptophan clasp interactions 0030 A028 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F159Y BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F159Y CavF at gp120 V1/V2. Substitute Y or W, stabilize V1/V2/V3 0031 A029 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F223W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F223W CavF at gp120 beta-5. Substitute Y or W. stabilize gp120/gp41 interface 0032 A030 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L544Y_F223W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L544Y, F223W CavF at gp41 tip of α-6. 544: F, Y, or W 223: Y or W. stabilize gp120/gp41 interface 0033 A031 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L523F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L523F Fusion Peptide Cavity Fill 0034 A032 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F522Y BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F522Y Fusion Peptide Cavity Fill 0035 A033 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W35Q BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W35Q Exposed Nterm hydrophobic resurfaced 0036 A034 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A200C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A200C/P313C, A221C/A582C nonSOS_multiple cyscys P313C_A221C/A582C 0037 A035 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q432E BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q432E Disrupt CD4-bound sheet conf. 0038 A036 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q432D BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q432D Disrupt CD4-bound sheet conf. 0039 A037 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M434P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M434P Disrupt CD4-bound sheet conf. 0040 A038 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y435P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y435P Disrupt CD4-bound sheet conf. 0041 A039 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A436P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A436P Disrupt CD4-bound sheet conf. 0042 A040 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P437A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P437A proline removal 0043 A041 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P438A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P438A proline removal 0044 A042 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P438A.P437A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P437A, P438A proline removal 0045 A043 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T139W.I326R BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T139W, I326R CavF at the interface of V1V2 and V3 loops. Sustitute- T139: F, M, I, Y; 1326: M, W, F, Y. stabilize V1V2/V3 loop interactions in mature closed state 0046 A044 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L179W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L179W CavF at V1V2 loop gp120 core interface. Substitute- F, Y M,  I. stabilize interaction between V1V2 loop and gp120 core in mature closed state 0047 A045 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y39F.S534V BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y39F, S534V CavF. add hydrophobicity at gp120/gp41 interface Substitute- S534: I, W, F, A, M; Y39: W, M, I 0048 A046 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y39W.S534A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y39W, S534A CavF. add hydrophobicity at gp120/gp41 interface. A 0049 A047 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_39F.S534V. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y39F, S534V, T37V, T499V CavF. add hydrophobicity at T37V.T499V gp120/gp41 interface 0050 A048  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y39F.Y40F. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y39F, Y40F, S534V, T37V, CavF. add hydrophobicity at S534V.T37V.T499V T499V gp120/gp41 interface 0051 0 CAP256.SU CAP256.SU 0052 A049 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N425C I430C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N425C/I430C DS- Stabilizes CD4 binding loop 0053 A050 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y318C P437C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y318C/437C, G473A DS- Restrain PGT122 bound G473A conformation; reduce CD4 binding 0054 A051 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M426W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M426W CavF at CD4bs. Substitute- F, Y, L, V, I. Constrains CD4 binding loop 0055 A052  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_S174C A319C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S174C/A319C, G473A DS- Restrain PGT122 bound G473A conformation; reduce CD4 binding 0056 A053  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L175C T320C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L175C/T320C, G473A DS- Restrain PGT122 bound G473A conformation; reduce CD4 binding 0057 A054  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F176C D180C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F176C/D180C DS- Restrain PGT122 bound conformation 0058 A055 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A204C A436C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A204C/A436C, G473A DS- Restrain PGT122 bound G473A conformation; reduce CD4 binding 0059 A056 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A204C M434C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A204C/M434C, G473A DS- Restrain PGT122 bound G473A conformation; reduce CD4 binding 0060 A057 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P212C K252C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P212C/K252C DS- Restrain PGT122 bound conformation 0061 A058 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P220C A200C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P220C/A200C DS- Restrain PGT122 bound conformation 0062 A059 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G314C A200C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G314C/A200C DS- Restrain PGT122 bound conformation 0063 A060 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A204C M434C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A204C/M434C DS- Restrain PGT122 bound conformation 0064 A061  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L122C L125C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L122C/L125C DS- Restrain PGT122 bound conformation 0065 A062 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G473A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G473A CavF at CD4bs. Substitute- any. sterically interfere with CD4 binding, without affecting Ab binding 0066 A063 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G473S BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G473S Same as Seq_0065 0067 A064 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G473Y BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G473Y Same as Seq_0065 0068 A065 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G431P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G431P Same as Seq_0065 0069 A066 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N425C A433C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N425C/A433C DS- Fixes PGT122 bound state 0070 A067 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120C Q315C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120C/Q315C DS- Fixes PGT122 bound state 0071 A068  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P124C T164C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P124C/T164C DS- Fixes PGT122 bound state 0072 A069 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T128C T167C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T128C/T167C, G473A DS- Restrain PGT122 bound G473A conformation; reduce CD4 binding 0073 A070  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I424C F382C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I424C/F382C DS- Fixes PGT122 bound state 0074 A071  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R298C A329C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R298C/A329C DS- Fixes PGT122 bound state 0075 A072 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M426P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M426P CavF at CD4bs. Substitute- P. Rigidifies CD4 binding loop 0076 A073 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y191W G473A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y191W G473A CavF at CD4bs and V1/V2 cap 0077 A074 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q203C L122C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q203C/L122C DS- Fixes PGT122 bound state 0078 A075 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M426A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M426A CavF at CD4bs. Substitute- G, V, I, L, F, Y, W, R, K. prevents triggering on CD4 binding 0079 A076 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y191W A433P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y191W A433P CavF at CD4bs and V1/V2 cap 0080 A077 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T372C S364C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T372C/S364C DS- Fixes PGT122 bound state 0081 0 BB201.B42 BB201.B42 0082 A078 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V36C V608C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V36C/V608C DS- Fixes PGT122 bound state 0083 A079 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M426F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M426F CavF at CD4bs. Substitute- Y, W, L, I, V, R, K, G, A. Blocks transition to CD4 bound conformation 0084 A080 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W69P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W69P helix 0 disruption 0085 A081 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V68P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V68P helix 0 disruption 0086 A082 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T71P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T71P helix 0 disruption 0087 A083 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_H66C/K207C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N H66C/K207C disulfide 0088 A084 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A73C/G572C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A73C/G572C disulfide 0089 A085  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F53C/G575C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F53C/G575C disulfide 0090 A086 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V75W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V75W CavF at gp120/gp41 interface 0091 A087 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V75F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V75F CavF at gp120/gp41 interface 0092 A088 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V75M BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V75M CavF at gp120/gp41 interface 0093 A089 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V208W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V208W CavF between α1 and the strand leading into what forms the bridging sheet in the CD4-bound form. Destabilize CD4-bound state 0094 A090 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V208Y BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V208Y Same as Seq_0093 0095 A091 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V208F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V208F Same as Seq_0093 0096 A092 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V208M BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V208M Same as Seq_0093 0097 A093 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A58C/T77C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A58C/T77C helix 0 disruption 0098 A094 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D57C/T77C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N D57C/T77C helix 0 disruption 0099 A095 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V68C/S209C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V68C/S209C helix 0 disruption 0100 A096 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V68C/V208C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V68C/208C helix 0 disruption 0101 A097 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V66C/S209C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V66C/S209C helix 0 disruption 0102 A098 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N67P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N67P helix 0 disruption 0103 A099 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_H66P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N66P helix 0 disruption 0104 A100 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N67P/H66P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N67P/H66P helix 0 disruption 0105 A101 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A58C/T77C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A58C/T77C, N67P, H66P helix 0 disruption N67P/H66P 0106 A102 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D57C/T77C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N D57C/T77C, N67P, H66P helix 0 disruption N67P/H66P 0107 0 KER2018.11 KER2018.11 0108 A103  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V68C/V208C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V68C/V208C, N67P, H66P helix 0 disruption N67P/H66P 0109 A104 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V68C/S209C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V68C/S209C, N67P, H66P helix 0 disruption N67P/H66P 0110 A105 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D474A/R476A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N D474A,R476A Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0111 A106 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W112I BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W112I Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0112 A107 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W112M BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W112M Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0113 A108 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W427I BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W427I Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0114 A109 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W427M BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W427M Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0115 A110 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R429N BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R429N Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0116 A111 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R429L BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R429L Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0117 A112 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R429L/W427M BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R429L, W427M Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0118 A113 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D474A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N D474A Destabilization of CD4 binding site 0119 A114 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R476A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R476A 0120 A115 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I201C/A433C, F159Y DS and CavF at gp120 V1/V2. A433C_F159Y stabilize V1/V2/V3 0121 A116 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R166CG/V127C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R166CG/V127C V1V2 disulfide stabilization. prevent v1v2 from adopting cd4- bound-conformation 0122 A117 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G314C/S199C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G314C/S199C, R166CG/ V1V2V3 disulfide stabilization. R166CG/V127C V127C prevent v1v2 from adopting cd4- bound-conformation 0123 A118 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_K421W.D180L BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K421W, D180L CavF at V1V2 interaction near Res. 180 with V3 and base of beta-21. substitute- 421: F, W, Y; 180: L, V, I, M. prevent v1v2 to V3 along with B21 from adopting cd4-bound-conformation 0124 A119 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G431.GC.S199C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G431GC/S199C DS 0125 A120 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R166C.V127GC BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R166C/V127GC DS 0126 A121 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G314C.S199C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G314C/S199C DS 0127 A122 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G314CG.S199C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G314CG/S199C DS 0128 A123 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120W CavF at N-term of β-2.  Substitute- F, W, Y, L, I, M. β-2 extends in cd4-bound state, this stabilizes small hydrophobic pocket in ground state 0129 A124 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120W.Q203V BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120W, Q203V Same as Seq_0128 0130 A125 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_deltaP124 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N delP124 proline removal. Removal of ground state destabilization/ flexibility 0131 A126 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L125W_ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L125W, delP124 Proline removal and CavF at deltaP124 Cavity between N-term of V1V2 domain and V3 near Res. 127 and 126-196 disulfide of V1V2. Substitute- F, W, Y, L, I, M, V.  Removal of ground state destabilization/flexibility 0132 A127 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R151E. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R151E, E153W, Q328W CavF at V1 loop at resi 153. E153W.Q328W Substitute- 153: F, W, Y, L, I, M, V; 328 F, W, Y, L, I, M, V. Adding hydrophobic patch at V1 loop to V3 loop 0133 A128 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F159W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F159W CavF at Primary hydrophobic pocket between V1V2 and V3 near resi 159. Substitute- W or Y. Stabilizing the hydrophobic core of the V1V2-V3 interactions 0134 A129 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F317W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F317W Same as Seq_0133 0135 A130 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M161W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M161W CavF at Hydrophobic patch at Cterm of V1V2 strand B. Substitute- F, W, Y, L, I. Stabilizing strand B to V3 near trimeric interface 0136 A131 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I309W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I309W Same as Seq_0135 0137 A132 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L125R.F317D BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L125R, F317D Salt bridge. Salt bridge interaction in hyrophobiic shell 0138 A133 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L125WE.F317R BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L125WE, F317R Salt bridge. Salt bridge interaction in hyrophobiic shell 0139 A134 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_S115W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S115W CavF at C-term of α-1.  Substitute- F, W, Y, L, I, M, V. Will fill cavity at top of α-1 which shifts conformation in CD4-bound state 0140 A135 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P118W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P118W CavF/proline removal at C-term of α-1. Substitute- F, W, Y, L, I, M, V. Will fill cavity at top of α-1 which shifts conformation in CD4-bound state 0141 A136 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P206A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P206A proline removal. Removal of ground state destabilization/ flexibility 0142 A137 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_deltaP206 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N delP206 proline removal. Removal of ground state destabilization/ flexibility 0143 A138 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A70Y BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A70Y CavF- extension of hydrophobc/aromatic patch- gp41/gp120 stabilization (a7/ a0cavity close to A70). Substitute- F, Y, W 0144 A139 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A70F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A70F Same as Seq_0143 0145 A140 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L111Y BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L111Y Same as Seq_0143 0146 A141 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L111F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L111F Same as Seq_0143 0147 A142 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T202P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T202P disrupt bridging sheet/ destabilizing CD4 bound state 0148 A143 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120P Same as Seq_0147 0149 A144 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120T BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120T Same as Seq_0147 0150 A145 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L122K BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L122K Same as Seq_0147 0151 A146 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P313C/A200C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P313C/A200C, T51C/K574C Ds T51C/K574C 0152 A147 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P313C/A200C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P313C/A200C, F53C/K574C Ds F53C/K574C 0153 A148 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P313C/A200C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P313C/A200C, T51C/A578C Ds T51C/A578C 0154 A149 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T128C/L165C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T128C/L165C, P313C/A200C, Ds P313C/A200C/T51C/K574C T51C/K574C 0155 A150 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T128C/L165C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T128C/L165C, P313C/A200C, Ds P313C/A200C/F53C/K574C F53C/K574C 0156 A151 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T128C/L165C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T128C/L165C, P313C/A200C, Ds P313C/A200C/T51C/A578C T51C/A578C 0157 A152 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I573T BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I573T destabilize gp41 helix bundle 0158 A153 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G594N BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G594N destabilize gp41 helix bundle 0159 A154 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I573T-G594N BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I573T-G594N destabilize gp41 helix bundle 0160 A155 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I573T-G594N- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I573T-G594N-K574E destabilize gp41 helix bundle K574E 0161 A156 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I573T-G594N- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I573T-G594N-K574T destabilize gp41 helix bundle K574T 0162 A157 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A433C_L122C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A433C/L122C 0163 A158 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q428C_E560C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q428C/E560C 0164 A159 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q428C_A561C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q428C/A561C 0165 A160 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q428C_Q562C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q428C/Q562C 0166 A161 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_K574C_D107C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K574C/D107C 0167 A162 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q575C_Q550C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q575C/Q550C 0168 A163 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q575C_Q551C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q575C/Q551C 0169 A164 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R579C_Q550C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R579C/Q550C 0170 A165 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M426C_E370C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M426C/E370C 0171 A166 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M426C_G380C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M426C/G380C 0172 A167 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T123W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T123W CavF at trimer axis. Substitute- F, Y, L, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions 0173 A168 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I423W_I201W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I423W, I201W CavF at parallel b-strand #.   Substitute- F, Y, L, M, V. prevent bridging sheet formation 0174 0 CH070.1 CH070.1 0175 A169 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_K117W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K117W CavF at trimer axis. Substitute- F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, D, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions 0176 A170 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_K117E BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K117E CavF/charged at trimer axis. Substitute- F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, D, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions 0177 A171 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_K121E BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K121E CavF/charged at trimer axis. Substitute- F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, D, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions 0178 A172 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_S110W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S110W CavF at trimer axis/gp41 interface boundary. Substitute- F, Y, L, I, M, V. stabilize  prefusion axis interactions/gp41 interface/prevent helix movement 0179 A173 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q114W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q114W Same as Seq_0178 0180 A174 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P220W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P220W CavF at gp41 interface. Substitute- F, Y, L, I, M, V. stabilize gp41 interface 0181 A175 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T50W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T50W CavF at gp41 interface. Substitute- F, Y, L, I, M, V. stabilize gp41 interface 0182 A176 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R429W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R429W CavF at parallel b-strand #.  Substitute- F, Y, L, I, M, V. prevent bridging sheet formation 0183 A177 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120W, I201C/A433C ds/CavF under V1V2 cap. T332N_V120W_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, D, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions/combined with DS 0184 A178 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K121W, I201C/A433C ds/CavF at trimer axis. T332N_K121W_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions/combined with DS 0185 A179 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T123W, I201C/A433C Same as Seq_0184 T332N_T123W_I201C_A433C 0186 A180 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K117W, I201C/A433C ds/CavF at trimer axis. T332N_K117W_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, D,M,V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions/combined with DS 0187 A181 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K117E, I201C/A433C ds/CavF/charged at trimer axis. T332N_K117E_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, D, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions/combined with DS 0188 A182 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K121E, I201C/A433C ds/CavF/charged at trimer axis. T332N_K121E_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, D, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions/combined with DS 0189 A183 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M426W, I201C/A433C ds/CavF at parallel b-strand #. T332N_M426W_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, I, H, R, E, D, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions/combined with DS 0190 A184 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S110W, I201C/A433C ds/CavF at trimer axis/gp41 T332N_S110W_I201C_A433C interface boundary. Substitute- F, Y, L, I, M, V. stabilize prefusion axis interactions/gp41 interface/prevent helix movement/combined with DS 0191 A185 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q114W, I201C/A433C Same as Seq_0190 T332N_Q114W_I201C_A433C 0192 A186 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P220W, I201C/A433C ds/CavF at gp41 interface.  T332N_P220W_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, I, M, V. stabilize gp41 interface/ combined with DS 0193 A187 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T50W, I201C/A433C ds/CavF at gp41 interface. T332N_T50W_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, I, M, V. stabilize gp41 interface/ combined with DS 0194 A188 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N R429W, I201C/A433C ds/CavF at parallel b-strand #. T332N_R429W_I201C_A433C Substitute- F, Y, L, I, M, V. prevent bridging sheet formation/combined with DS 0195 A189 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y61W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y61W CavF at Middle of α-1. Will fill a cavity between gp120 and gp41 to prevent CD4 induced α-1 disruption and α0 formation 0196 A190 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S209R, V68L CavF at Loop between α-1 and  T332N_S209R_V68L beta 0 and loop between beta 3 and beta 4. Substitute- F, W, Y, L, I, M, V. Fills cavities that are otherwise filled by CD4 induced α0 formation 0197 A191 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F53W, Q246W CavF at gp120-gp41 interface, T332N_F53W_Q246W N-term of beta-2, middle of beta-8, Substitute- 246 F, W, Y, L, I, M, V. Will fill a cavity between gp120 and gp41 to stabilize gp41 disordered region and interaction between gp120 and gp41 0198 A192 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664. BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y177W, I323F CavF at C-term of beta C, C-term T332N_Y177W_I323F of beta V3B. Substitute- 323 F, Y, W. Fills cavity between V3 and gp120 core to stabilize closed cap 0199 A193  BG505SOS.R6.664.T332N_G41C A541C BG505 SOS, R6, 664, T332N G41C/A541C DS- Fixes ground state, DS between gp120 and gp41 0200 A194  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G41C A541C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G41C/A541C DS- Fixes ground state, DS between gp120 and gp41 0201 A195 BG505.R6.664.T332N_G41C A541C BG505 R6, 664, T332N G41C/A541C DS, non SOSIP- Fixes ground state, DS between gp120 and gp41 0202 A196 BG505,SOS.R6.664.T332N_547- BG505 SOS, R6, 664, T332N 547-GGPGGPGG-569 Prevent α6 to α7 transition GGPGGPGG-569 0203 A197 BG505,SOS.R6.664.T332N_547- BG505 SOS, R6, 664, T332N 547-GGGGPGGPG-569 Prevent α6 to α7 transition GGGGPGGPG-569 0204 A198 BG505,SOS.R6.664.T332N_547- BG505 SOS, R6, 664, T332N 547-GGGPGGG-569 Prevent α6 to α7 transition GGGPGGG-569 0205 A199 BG505,SOS.R6.664.T332N_547- BG505 SOS, R6, 664, T332N 547-GGPGGGGPGG-569 Prevent α6 to α7 transition GGPGGGGPGG-569 0206 A200 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q551P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q551P Prevent α6 to α7 transition 0207 A201 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L556P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L556P Prevent α6 to α7 transition 0208 A202 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_H564P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N H564P Prevent α6 to α7 transition 0209 A203  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L568P BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L568P Prevent α6 to α7 transition 0210 B001 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-10In BG505 IP, 664, T332N, 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A.  Single chain; no SOS; with  linker I559P 0211 B002 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-10ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 replaced by Single chain; no SOS; with 10 A.A. linker, R166W I559P; with R166W 0212 B003 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-11ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 11 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0213 B004 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-11ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 11 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0214 B005 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-12ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 12 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0215 B006 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-12ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 12 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0216 B007 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-13ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 13 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0217 B008 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-13ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 13 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0218 B009 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-14ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 14 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0219 B010 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-14ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 14 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0220 B011 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-15ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 15 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0221 B012 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-15ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 15 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0222 B013 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-1ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 1 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0223 B014 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-1ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 1 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0224 B015 BG505,1P.664.T332N_bC-20ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 20 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0225 B016 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-20ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 20 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0226 B017 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-2ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 2 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0227 B018 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-2ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 2 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0228 B019 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-3ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 3 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0229 B020 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-3ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 3 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0230 B021 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-4ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 replaced by Single chain; no SOS; with 4 A.A. linker I559P 0231 B022 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-4ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 4 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0232 B023 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-5ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 5 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0233 B024 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-5ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 5 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0234 B025 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-6ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 6 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0235 B026 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-6ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 6 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0236 B027 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-7ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 7 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0237 B028 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-7ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 7 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0238 B029 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-8ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 8 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0239 B030 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-8ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 8 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0240 B031 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-9ln BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 9 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0241 B032 BG505,IP.664.T332N_bC-9ln_R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 9 A.A. Same as Seq_211 linker, R166W 0242 B033 BG505.664.T332N_C-10ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0243 B034 BG505.664.T332N_C-10ln_Q551F BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker; Q551F Q551F 0244 B035 BG505.664.T332N_C-11ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 11 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0245 B036 BG505.664.T332N_C-12ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 12 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0246 B037 BG505.664.T332N_C-13ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 13 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0247 B038 BG505.664.T332N_C-14ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 14 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0248 B039 BG505.664.T332N_C-15ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 15 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0249 B040 BG505.664.T332N_C-1ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 1 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0250 B041 BG505.664.T332N_C-2ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 2 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0251 B042 BG505.664.T332N_C-3ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 3 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0252 B043 BG505.664.T332N_C-4ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 4 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0253 B044 BG505.664.T332N_C-5ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 5 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0254 B045 BG505.664.T332N_C-6ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 6 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0255 B046 BG505.664.T332N_C-7ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 7 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0256 B047 BG505.664.T332N_C-8ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 8 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0257 B048 BG505.664.T332N_C-9ln BG505 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 9 A.A. Single chain; no SOSIP linker 0258 B049 BG505.IP.664.T332N_Gp120-HR2-HR1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain 0259 B050 BG505.IP.664.T332N_Gp120-Linker-HR1- BG505 IP, 664, T332N linker gp120-HR1 GCN4 0260 B051 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit2noC BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain 0261 B052 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit3-noFus BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain 0262 B053 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit4noC-noFus BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain 0263 B054 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit9- BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain GCN4coredownCC 0264 B055 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit14- BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain HR1envHR2-GCN4coredown 0265 B056 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit15- BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain HR1envHR2-GCN4coredown 0266 B057 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit16- BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain HR1envHR2-GCN4coredown 0267 B058 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit17- BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain HR1envHR2 0268 B059 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit18- BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain HR1envHR2 0269 B060 BG505.IP.664.T332N_SOScircuit4noC- BG505 IP, 664, T332N circular permutant single chain noFus_CMVR-3c-His-R166W 0270 B061 BG505.IP.664.T332N_1.ZM53.R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circ. Permut. single chain in ZM53, with R166W 0271 B062 BG505.IP.664.T332N_10.ZM53.R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circ. Permut. single chain in ZM53, with R166W 0272 B063 BG505.IP.664.T332N_10_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. circular permutant single chain 0273 B064 BG505.IP.664.T332N_10_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N P313W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain P313W 0274 B065 BG505.IP.664.T332N_10_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N P313W, R166W, circ. circular permutant single chain P313W-R166W permut. 0275 B066 BG505.IP.664.T332N_10_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain R166W 0276 B067 BG505.IP.664.T332N_11.ZM53.R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain 0277 B068 BG505.IP.664.T332N_11_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. circular permutant single chain 0278 B069 BG505.IP.664.T332N_11_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N P313W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain P313W 0279 B070 BG505.IP.664.T332N_11_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N P313W, R166W, circ. circular permutant single chain P313W-R166W permut. 0280 B071 BG505.IP.664.T332N_11_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain R166W 0281 B072 BG505.IP.664.T332N_12.ZM53.R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain 0282 B073 BG505.IP.664.T332N_12_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. circular permutant single chain 0283 B074 BG505.IP.664.T332N_12_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N P313W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain P313W 0284 B075 BG505.IP.664.T332N_12_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N P313W, R166W, circ. circular permutant single chain P313W-R166W permut. 0285 B076 BG505.IP.664.T332N_12_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain R166W 0286 B077 BG505.IP.664.T332N_13_BG505_6RLinked BG505 IP, 664, T332N Linker at cleavage site Linker at cleavage site 0287 B078 BG505.IP.664.T332N_14_BG505_6RLinked BG505 IP, 664, T332N Linker at cleavage site Linker at cleavage site 0288 B079 BG505.IP.664.T332N_15_BG505_6RLinked BG505 IP, 664, T332N Linker at cleavage site Linker at cleavage site 0289 B080 BG505.IP.664.T332N_16_BG505_6RLinked BG505 IP, 664, T332N Linker at cleavage site Linker at cleavage site 0290 B081 BG505.IP.664.T332N_1_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. circular permutant single chain 0291 B082 BG505.IP.664.T332N_1_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664,T332N R166W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain R166W 0292 B083 BG505.IP.664.T332N_2_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. circular permutant single chain 0293 B084 BG505.IP.664.T332N_3_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. circular permutant single chain 0294 B085 BG505.IP.664.T332N_4.ZM53.R166W BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain in ZM53, with R166W 0295 B086 BG505.IP.664.T332N_4_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. Circular permutant single chain 0296 B087 BG505.IP.664.T332N_4_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166W, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain, R166W with R166W 0297 B088 BG505.IP.664.T332N_5_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. Circular permutant single chain 0298 B089 BG505.IP.664.T332N_6_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. Circular permutant single chain 0299 B090 BG505.IP.664.T332N_7_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. Circular permutant single chain 0300 B091 BG505.IP.664.T332N_7_BG505_Nterm_H1_ BG505 IP, 664, T332N R166Wcirc. permut. circular permutant single chain, R166W with R166W 0301 B092 BG505.IP.664.T332N_8_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. Circular permutant single chain 0302 B093 BG505.IP.664.T332N_9_BG505_Nterm_H1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N circ. permut. Circular permutant single chain 0303 B094 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_29_gp120-HR2_ BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N A433P, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain, A433P with A433P 0304 B095 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_30_gp120-HR2_ BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N A433P, circ. permut. circular permutant single chain, A433P with A433P 0305 B096 CH117.4_332N_IP_10ln CH117.4 IP; 664; T332N 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker; 332N I559P 0306 B097 CNE58_1P_10ln CNE58 IP; 664 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0307 B098 Cap256-SU_IP_10ln Cap256-SU IP; 664 Same as Seq_307 Single chain; no SOS; with I559P 0308 B099 SHIV-1157ipd3N4_IP_10ln 1157ipd3N4 IP; 664 Same as Seq_307 Single chain; no SOS; with I559P 0309 B100 ZM53_IP_10ln ZM53 IP; 664 Same as Seq_307 Single chain; no SOS; with I559P 0310 B101 C-10ln_Q551F BG505 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker; Q551F I559P; with Q551F 0311 B102 TF-B_THRO_TF1_10ln_Q551F THRO_TF1 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker; Q551F Q551F 0312 B103 TF-C_1245045_10ln_Q551F 1245045 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker; Q551F Q551F 0313 B104 3301_V1_C24_10ln_Q551F 3301_V1_C24 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker; Q551F Q551F 0314 B105 TF-C_19157834_v1_10ln_Q551F_P162T 19157834_v1 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker; Q551F; P162T Q551F 0315 B106 25925-2.22_10ln_Q551F 25925-2.22 IP; 664 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker; Q551F Q551F 0316 B107 CAP210.E8_10ln_Q551F CAP210.E8 IP; 664 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker; Q551F Q551F 0317 B108 CNE58_IP_10ln_SU-strandC CNE58 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker I559P; strand-C from CAP256-SU 0318 B109 CNE58_10ln_Q551F_SU-strandC CNE58 IP; 664 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker; Q551F Q551F; strand-C from CAP256-SU 0319 B110 TF-B_THRO_TF1_IP_10ln THRO_TF1 IP; 664 Same as Seq_307 Single chain; no SOS; with I559P 0320 B111 25925-2.22_IP_10ln 25925-2.22 IP; 664 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0321 B112 CAP210.E8_IP_10ln CAP210.E8 IP; 664 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS; with linker I559P 0322 B113 TF-C_19157834_v1_IP_10ln_P162T 19157834_v1 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker, P162T I559P 0323 B114 3301_V1_C24_IP_10ln 3301_V1_C24 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker I559P 0324 B115 TF-C_1245045_IP_10ln 1245045 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker I559P 0325 B116 00836-2.5_332N_IP_10ln 00836-2.5 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker, 332N I559P 0326 B117 6322_V4_C1_332N_IP_10ln 6322_V4_C1 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker, 332N I559P 0327 B118 ZM53-R166W_bC-10ln_IP ZM53 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 10 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker, R166W I559P 0328 B119 ZM53-R166W_bC-15ln_IP ZM53 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 15 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker, R166W I559P 0329 B120  ZM53-R166W_bC-20ln_IP ZM53 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 20 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker, R166W I559P 0330 B121 ZM53-R166W_bC-7ln_IP ZM53 IP; 664 664; 508(REKR)511 → 7 Single chain; no SOS; with A.A. linker, R166W I559P 0331 B122 ZM53-R166W_C-10ln BG505 664 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Single chain; no SOS linker, R166W 0332 B123 ZM53-R166W_C-15ln BG505 664 508(REKR)511 → 15 A.A. Single chain; no SOS linker, R166W 0333 B124 ZM53-R166W_C-20ln BG505 664 508(REKR)511 → 20 A.A. Single chain; no SOS linker, R166W 0334 B125 ZM53-R166W_C-7ln BG505 664 508(REKR)511 → 7 A.A. Single chain; no SOS linker, R166W 0335 B126 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del504-5185ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N 504-518 → 5 A.A. linker Single chain + N-term of gp41; with SOS; with I559P 0336 B127 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del504-518_10ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N 504-518 → 10 A.A. linker Same as Seq_0335 0337 B128 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del504-518_15ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 504-518 → Same as Seq_0335 15 A.A. linker  0338 B129 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del504-518_20ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 504-518 → Same as Seq_0335 20 A.A. linker  0339 B130 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del505-518_5ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 505-518 → 5  Same as Seq_0335 A.A. linker 0340 B131 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del505-518_10ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 505-518 → 10  Same as Seq_0335 A.A. linker 0341 B132 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del505-518_15ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 505-518 → 15  Same as Seq_0335 A.A. linker 0342 B133 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del505-518_20ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 505-518 → Same as Seq_0335 20 A.A. linker 0343 B134 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del504-521_5ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 504-521 → Same as Seq_0335 5 A.A. linker 0344 B135 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del504-521_10ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 504-521 → Same as Seq_0335 10 A.A. linker 0345 B136 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del504-521_15ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 504-521 → Same as Seq_0335 15 A.A. linker 0346 B137 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del504-521_20ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 504-521 → Same as Seq_0335 20 A.A. linker 0347 B138 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del505-521_5ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 505-521 → Same as Seq_0335 5 A.A. linker 0348 B139 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del505-521_10ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 505-521 → Same as Seq_0335 10 A.A. linker 0349 B140 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del505-521_15ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 505-521 → Same as Seq_0335 15 A.A. linker 0350 B141 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_del505-521_20ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N segment 505-521 → Same as Seq_0335 20 A.A. linker 0351 B142 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_c5ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 5 A.A. Same as Seq_0335 linker 0352 B143 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_c10ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 10 A.A. Same as Seq_0335 linker 0353 B144 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_c15ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 15 A.A. Same as Seq_0335 linker 0354 B145 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_c20ln BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N 508(REKR)511 → 20 A.A. Same as Seq_0335 linker 0355 B146  BG505.1P.664.T332N_del505-521_5ln BG505 IP,664, T332N segment 505-521 → 5 A.A. Single chain + N-term of gp41; linker no SOS; with I559P 0356 B147 BG505.1P.664.T332N_del505-521_10ln BG505 IP,664, T332N segment 505-521 → Single chain + N-term of gp41; 10 A.A. linker no SOS; with I559P 0357 B148 BG505.1P.664.T332N_del505-521_15ln BG505 IP,664, T332N segment 505-521 → Single chain + N-term of gp41; 15 A.A. linker no SOS; with I559P 0358 B149 BG505.1P.664.T332N_del505-521_20ln BG505 IP,664, T332N segment 505-521 → Single chain + N-term of gp41; 20 A.A. linker no SOS; with I559P 0359 B150 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ1 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N cleavage site and NT of Same as Seq_0335 fusion peptide replaced by a flexible linker 0360 B151 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ2 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0361 B152 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ3 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0362 B153 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ4 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0363 B154 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ5 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0364 B155 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ6 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0365 B156 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ7 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0366 B157 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ8 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0367 B158 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ9 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0368 B159 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ10 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0369 B160 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ11 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0370 B161 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ12 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0359 Same as Seq_0335 0371 B162 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ2 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N cleavage site and NT of Same as Seq_0335 G312C/S199C/R166C/V127C fusion peptide replaced by a flexible linker; G312C/S199C/R166C/V127C 0372 B163 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_sc BZ3 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N cleavage site and NT of Same as Seq_0335 G312C/S199C/R166C/V127C fusion peptide replaced by a flexible linker; G312C/S199C/R166C/V127C 0373 B164 BG505.IP.664.T332N_bC10ln-5ln- BG505 IP, 664, T332N on ferritin with a 5- ferritin for linker replacement HpyFerritin linker of gp120-gp41 cleavage site; no SOS; with I559P 0374 B165 BG505.IP.664.T332N_bC10ln-10ln- BG505 IP, 664, T332N on ferritin with a 10- Same as Seq_0373 HpyFerritin linker 0375 B166 BG505.IP.664.T332N_bC10ln-15ln- BG505 IP, 664, T332N on ferritin with a 15- Same as Seq_0373 HpyFerritin linker 0376 B167 BG505.664.T332N_FC10ln-5ln- BG505 664, T332N on ferritin with a 5- ferritin for linker replacement HpyFerritin linker; Q551F of gp120-gp41 cleavage site; no SOS; with Q551F 0377 B168 BG505.664.T332N_FC10ln-10ln-HpyFerritin BG505 664, T332N on ferritin with a 10- Same as Seq_0376 linker; Q551F 0378 B169 BG505.664.T332N_FC10ln-15ln-HpyFerritin BG505 664, T332N on ferritin with a 15- Same as Seq_0376 linker; Q551F 0379 H009 Cap256-SU_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP Cap256-SU/BG505 SOSIP; 664; R6 BG505 Platform, chimera remainder = Cap256-SU 0380 H010 1157ipd3N4_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP 1157ipd3N4/BG505 SOSIP; 664; R6 BG505 Platform, chimera remainder = 1157ipd3N4 0381 H011 CH117.4_332N_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP CH117.4_332N/ SOSIP; 664; R6 BG505 Platform, BG505 chimera remainder = CH117.4_332N 0382 H012 CNE58_SU-strandC_bg505-NCgp120 + CNE58_SU- SOSIP; 664; R6 BG505 Platform, Res. 166- gp41.SOSIP strandC/ 173 (strand C) from BG505 chimera CAP256-SU, remainder = CNE58 0383 H013 25925-2.22_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP 25925-2.22/BG505 SOSIP; 664; R6 BG505 Platform, chimera remainder = 25925-2.22 0384 H014 3301_V1_C24_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP 3301_V1_C24/ SOSIP; 664; R6 BG505 Platform, BG505 chimera remainder = 3301_V1_C24 0385 H015 ZM53-R166W_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP ZM53-R166W/BG505 SOSIP; 664; R6 BG505 Platform, chimera remainder = ZM53-R166W 0386 H016 ZM53_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP ZM53/BG505 SOSIP; 664; R6 BG505 Platform, chimera remainder = ZM53 gp120 0387 B170 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_1 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Link gp120 Cterm to gp41 resi 664, and circ. permutate thru rest of gp41, end at 518 0388 B171 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_2 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant same as PA_SC_1 above, vary linker 0389 B172 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_3 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant same as PA_SC_1 and PA_SC_2 above, vary linker 0390 B173 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_4 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant connects gp120 C term to region around 606-609, and extends forward, turncating at different regions) 0391 B174 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_5 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant only the inner circle of helices to hold the trimer together 0392 B175 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_6 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Same as Seq_0391 0393 B176 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_7 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Same as Seq_0391 0394 B177 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_8 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Same as Seq_0391 0395 B178 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_9 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Start from resi 518, go to 664, connect to C-term of gp120, circ. permutate thru gp120 0396 B179 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_10 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant same as PA_SC_9, change linker 0397 B180 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N_SC_11 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant same as PA_SC_9, change linker 0398 B181 BG505.IP.664.T332N_1.2 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Circular permutant single chain 0399 B182 BG505.IP.664.T332N_1.3 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Circular permutant single chain 0400 B183 BG505.IP.664.T332N_2.1 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Circular permutant single chain 0401 B184 BG505.IP.664.T332N_2.2 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Circular permutant single chain 0402 B185 BG505.IP.664.T332N_2.3 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Circular permutant single chain 0403 B186 BG505.IP.664.T332N_3.1 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Circular permutant single chain 0404 B187 BG505.IP.664.T332N_3.3 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N Circular permutant Circular permutant single chain 0405 B188 BG505.IP.664.T332N.sc1 BG505 IP, 664, T332N 44-500-gsg-34-43-gsgg- Circular permutant single chain 526-664 0406 B189 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N.sc2 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N 44-502-ggsgg-34-43-gsgg- Circular permutant single chain 526-664 0407 B190 BG505.IP.664.T332N.sc3 BG505 IP, 664, T332N 44-500-gsg-34-42-gsgg- Circular permutant single chain 525-664 0408 B191 BG505.SOSIP.664.T332N.sc4 BG505 SOSIP, 664, T332N 44-502-ggsgg-34-42-gsgg- Circular permutant single chain 525-664 0409 C001 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T90 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T90C gp140-35022complex-disulfide to 35O22_S80 0410 C002 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P238 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P238C gp140-35022complex-disulfide to 35O22_P77 0411 C003 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T529 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T529C gp140-35022complex-disulfide to 35O22_D111 0412 C004 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D624 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N D624C gp140-35022complex-disulfide to 35O22_L109 or G112 0413 C005 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N625 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N625C gp140-35022complex-disulfide to 35O22_L109 0414 C006  35O22_P77C Ab 35O22 P77C gp140-35O22complex- BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P238 0415 C007 35O22_S80C Ab 35O22 S80C gp140-35O22complex- BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T90 0416 C008  35O22_L109C Ab 35O22 L109C gp140-35O22complex- BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D624 or BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N625 0417 C009 35O22_D111C Ab 35O22 D111C gp140-35O22complex- BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T529 0418 C010 35O22_G112C Ab 35O22 G112C gp140-35O22complex- BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D624 0419 C011 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_D624C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N D624C gp140-35O22complex 0420 C012 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G459C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0421 C013 JRFL IP 3C Strep G459C JRFL IP 3C Strep G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0422 C014 BS208.61 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C BS208.61 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0423 C015 KER2018.11 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C KER2018.11 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0424 C016 C4118.09 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C C4118.09 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0425 C017 TH966.8 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C TH966.8 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0426 C018 WITO.33 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C WITO.33 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0427 C019 CH181.12 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C CH181.12 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0428 C020 BB201.B42 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C BB201.B42 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0429 C021 Q842.d12 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C Q842.d12 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0430 C022 AC10.29 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C AC10.29 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0431 C023 BXO8_16 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C BXO8_16 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0432 C024 257102.43 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C 257102.43 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0433 C025 259252.22 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C 259252.22 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0434 C026 SO18_18 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C SO18_18 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0435 C027 X1193.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C X1193.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0436 C028 SU SOSIP, R6, 664, G459C SU SOSIP, R6, 664 G459C gp140-VRCO1complex 0437 C029 BG505.SOSIP G459C V1V2 Swap BB201.B42 BG505 SOSIP G459C, V1V2 Swap gp140-VRCO1complex BB201.B42 0438 C030 BG505.SOSIP G459C V1V2 Swap KER2018.11 BG505 SOSIP G459C, V1V2 Swap gp140-VRCO1complex KER2018.11 0439 C031 BG505.SOSIP G459C V1V2_Swap_CH070.1 BG505 SOSIP G459C, V1V2 Swap CH070.1 gp140-VRCO1complex 0440 C032 BG505.SOSIP G459C V1V2_Swap_ZM233.6 BG505 SOSIP G459C, V1V2 Swap ZM233.6 gp140-VRCO1complex 0441 C033 BG505.SOSIP G459C V1V2 Swap Q23.17 BG505 SOSIP G459C, V1V2 Swap Q23.17 gp140-VRCO1complex 0442 C034 BG505.SOSIP G459C V1V2 Swap A244 BG505 SOSIP G459C, V1V2 Swap A244 gp140-VRCO1complex 0443 C035 BG505.SOSIP G459C V1V2 Swap WIT0.33 BG505 SOSIP G459C, V1V2 Swap WITO.33 gp140-VRCO1complex 0444 C036 BG505_Cap256_G459C SU_V1V2_swap BG505 SOSIP G459C, SU_V1V2_swap gp140-VRCO1complex 0445 C037 VRCO1 H A60C-His VRCO1 H Ab A60C 0446 C038  VRCO1 H R61C-His VRCO1 H Ab A61C 0447 C039 VRCO1 L VRCO1 L Ab 0448 C040 VRCO1 H-His VRCO1 H Ab 0449 C041 VRCO1LH scFv Tbn-His-Strep VRCO1 Ab GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS 0450 C042 VRCO1LH scFv Tbn-His VRCO1 Ab GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS 0451 C043 VRCO1LH scFv C60 Tbn-His VRCO1 Ab GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS 0452 C044 simVRCO1.2 (Thr) H VRCO1 H Ab 0453 C045 simVRCO1.2 C60 (Thr) H VRCO1 H Ab A60C 0454 C046 simVRCO1.2 C60 (Thr) HS VRCO1 H Ab A60C 0455 C047 simVRCO1.2 L VRCO1 L Ab 0456 C048 simVRCO1.2 C60 (Thr) H VRCO1 H Ab A60C 0457 C049 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I323C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I323C covalently bonded gp140- PGT122complex 0458 C050 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G324C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G324C covalently bonded gp140- PGT122complex 0459 C051 G122LH F67C PGT122 H Ab F67C 0460 C052 G122LH G29C PGT122 H Ab G29C 0461 D001 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Glyc504 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 504N/506T Glycan at R504 0462 D002 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Glyc661 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 661N/663T Glycan at L661 0463 D003 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Glyc504-661 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 504N/506T, 661N/663T Glycans at R504 and L661 0464 D004 BG505, SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_K502N_R504T BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N K502N/R504T Glycan at K502 0465 D005 BG505, SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q658N_L660T BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q658N/L660T Glycan at Q658 0466 D006 BG505, SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W35T BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W35T Glycan at N33 0467 D007 BG505, SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W35N BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W35N Glycan at W35 0468 D008 BG505, SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W35N_R504N_ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W35N, R504N/V506T Glycan at W35 and R504 V506T 0469 D009 BG505, SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W35T_gly661 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W35T, gly661 Glycan at N33 and L661 0470 D010 BG505, SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_W35T_K502N_ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N W35T, K502N/R504T, gly661 Glycan at K502 and L661 R504T_gly661 0471 F001 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_ferritin BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N onto ferritin HIV-1 En trimer on nanoparticles 0472 F002 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L5 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N onto Luminase synthase HIV-1 En trimer on nanoparticles 0473 F003 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_3bve_ferr- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Helicobacter pylori SOSIP - linker - particle 24_1ln ferritin 0474 F004 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_3bve_ferr- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Helicobacter pylori SOSIP - linker - particle 24_3ln ferritin 0475 F005 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_3bve_ferr- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Helicobacter pylori SOSIP - linker - particle 24_15ln ferritin 0476 F006 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1hqk_ls-60_3ln BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N lumazine synthase from SOSIP - linker - particle aquifex aeolicus 0477 F007 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1hqk_ls-60_15ln BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N lumazine synthase from SOSIP - linker - particle aquifex aeolicus 0478 F008 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1ohg_bph-hk97- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N DSDNA bacteriophage HK97 SOSIP - linker - particle 420_1ln mature empty capsid 0479 F009 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1ohg_bph-hk97- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N DSDNA bacteriophage HK97 SOSIP - linker - particle 420_3ln mature empty capsid 0480 F010 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1ohg_bph-hk97- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N DSDNA bacteriophage HK97 SOSIP - linker - particle 420_5ln mature empty capsid 0481 F011 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1ohg_bph-hk97- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N DSDNA bacteriophage HK97 SOSIP - linker - particle 420_15ln mature empty capsid 0482 F012 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1qbe_bph-qB- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE Q BETA SOSIP - linker - particle 180_7ln CAPSID 0483 F013 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1qbe_bph-qB- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE Q BETA SOSIP - linker - particle 180_15ln CAPSID 0484 F014 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1dwn_bph-pp7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PP7 from SOSIP - linker - particle 180_10ln Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0485 F015 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1dwn_bph-pp7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PP7 from SOSIP - linker - particle 180_15ln Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0486 F016 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2vf9_bph-prr1- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PRR1 SOSIP - linker - particle 180_10ln 0487 F017 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2vf9_bph-prr1- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PRR2 SOSIP - linker - particle 180_15ln 0488 F018 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1gav_bph-ga- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE GA PROTEIN SOSIP - linker - particle 180_10ln CAPSID 0489 F019 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1gav_bph-ga- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE GA PROTEIN SOSIP - linker - particle 180_15ln CAPSID 0490 F020 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2w4y_bph-5- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N caulobacter bacteriophage SOSIP - linker - particle 180_10ln 5- virus-like particle 0491 F021 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2w4y_bph-5- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N caulobacter bacteriophage SOSIP - linker - particle 180_15ln 5- virus-like particle 0492 F022 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1frs_bph-fr- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE FR CAPSID SOSIP - linker - particle 180_10ln 0493 F023 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1frs_bph-fr- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE FR CAPSID SOSIP - linker - particle 180_15ln 0494 F024 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1mva_ph-ms2- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N PHAGE M52 PROTEIN CAPSID SOSIP - linker - particle 180_7ln 0495 F025 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1mva_ph-ms2- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N PHAGE M52 PROTEIN CAPSID SOSIP - linker - particle 180_15ln 0496 F026 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2tbv_tom-v- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N tomato bushy stunt virus. particle - linker - SOSIP 180_7ln v. coat protein 0497 F027 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2tbv_tom-v- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N tomato bushy stunt virus. particle - linker - SOSIP 180_15ln v. coat protein 0498 F028 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1smv_sesb-mv- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N SESBANIA MOSAIC VIRUS  particle - linker - SOSIP 180_7ln COAT PROTEIN 0499 F029 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_ismv_sesb-mv- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N SESBANIA MOSAIC VIRUS particle - linker - SOSIP 180_15ln COAT PROTEIN 0500 F030 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1f2n_rice-ymv- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N RICE YELLOW MOTTLE VIRUS  particle - linker - SOSIP 180_7ln 0501 F031 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1f2n_rice-ymv- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N RICE YELLOW MOTTLE VIRUS particle - linker - SOSIP 180_15ln 0502 F032 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1ng0_cfmv- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Cocksfoot mottle virus particle - linker - SOSIP 180_7ln 0503 F033 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_1ng0_cfmv- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Cocksfoot mottle virus particle - linker - SOSIP 180_15ln 0504 F034 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2wqt_mhpd- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N protein cage by particle - linker - SOSIP 60_1ln Escherichia coli 2- hydroxypentadienoic acid hydratase 0505 F035 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2wqt_mhpd- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0504 particle - linker - SOSIP 60_3ln 0506 F036 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2wqt_mhpd- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0504 particle - linker - SOSIP 60_5ln 0507 F037 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_2wqt_mhpd- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Same as Seq_0504 particle - linker - SOSIP 60_15ln 0508 G001 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_GGSGG_GCN4 BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N GGSGG_GCN4 Trimerization domain 0509 G002 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_GGSGSGG_N_ BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N GGSGSGG_N_3HSH Trimerization domain atgp120 3HSH N-term 0510 G003 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_GG_C_3HSH BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N GG_C_3HSH Trimerization domain at gp41 C-term 0511 H001 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N, V1V2 Swap BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N V1V2 Swap CAP256.SU V1V2 Swap CAP256.SU CAP256.SU 0512 H002 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N, V1V2 Swap BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N V1V2 Swap BB201.B42 V1V2 Swap BB201.B42 BB201.B42 0513 H003 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N, V1V2 Swap BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N V1V2 Swap KER2018.11 V1V2 Swap KER2018.11 KER2018.11 0514 H004 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N, V1V2 Swap BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N V1V2 Swap CH070.1 V1V2 Swap CH070.1 CH070.1 0515 H005 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N, V1V2 Swap BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N V1V2 Swap ZM233.6 V1V2 Swap ZM233.6 ZM233.6 0516 H006 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N, V1V2 Swap BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N V1V2 Swap Q23.17 V1V2 Swap Q23.17 Q23.17 0517 H007 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N, V1V2 Swap BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N V1V2 Swap A244 V1V2 Swap A244 A244 0518 H008 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N, V1V2 Swap BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N V1V2 Swap WIT0.33 V1V2 Swap WIT0.33 WIT0.33 0519 Z001 0520 Z002 0521 Z003 0522 Z004 0523 Z005 0524 Z006 0525 Z007 0526 Z008 0527 Z009 0528 Z010 0529 Z011 0530 Z012 0531 Z013 0532 Z014 0533 Z015 0534 Z016 0535 Z017 0536 Z018 0537 Z019 0538 Z020 0539 Z021 0540 Z022 0541 Z023 0542 Z024 0543 T001 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_C-6ln-HATM BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N Transmembrane 0544 T002 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_C-10ln-HATM BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N Transmembrane 0545 T003 bC-10ln_IP-6ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0546 T004 bC-10ln_IP-10ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0547 T005 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N-NATM-6ln-C- BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N Transmembrane 6ln-HATM 0548 T006 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_C-10ln-HATM BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N Transmembrane 0549 T007 bC-10ln_IP-N-NATM-6ln-6ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0550 T008 bC-10ln_IP-10ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0551 T009 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A201C/A433C-N- BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N A201C/A433C Transmembrane NATM-6ln-C-6ln-HATM 0552 T010 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A201C/A433C-C- BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N A201C/A433C Transmembrane 10ln-HATM 0553 T011 bC-10ln_IP-A201C/A433C--N-NATM-6ln-C- BG505 Transmembrane 6ln-HATM 0554 T012 bC-10ln_IPA201C/A433C--10ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0555 T013 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A201C/A433C-C- BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N A201C/A433C Transmembrane 6ln-HATM 0556 T014 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A201C/A433C-C- BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N A201C/A433C Transmembrane 10ln-HATM 0557 T015 bC-10ln_IP-A201C/A433C-6ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0558 T016 bC-10ln_IP-A201C/A433C-10ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0559 T017 bC-10ln_IPA201C/A433C-N-NATM-6ln-C- BG505 Transmembrane 6ln-HATM 0560 T018 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N-NATM-6ln BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N Transmembrane 0561 T019 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N-10ln-NATM BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N Transmembrane 0562 T020 bC-10ln_IP-6ln-N-NATM BG505 Transmembrane 0563 T021 bC-10ln_IP-10ln-N-NATM BG505 Transmembrane 0564 T022 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A433P-N-NATM- BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N A433P Transmembrane 6ln-C-6ln-HATM 0565 T023 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A433P-C-10ln- BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N A433P Transmembrane HATM 0566 T024 bC-10ln_IPA433P--N-NATM-6ln-6ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0567 T025 bC-10ln_IPA433P--10ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0568 T026 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A433P-C-6ln-HATM BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N A433P Transmembrane 0569 T027 BG505SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A433P-C-10ln- BG505 SOSIP.R6.664.T332N A433P Transmembrane HATM 0570 T028 bC-10ln_IPA433P--6ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0571 T029 bC-10ln_IPA433P--10ln-HATM BG505 Transmembrane 0572 Z025 0573 Z026 0574 Z027 0575 Z028 ferritin subunit 0576 Z029 lumazine synthase subunit 0577 Z030 Sulfer Oxygenase Reductase subunit 0578 Z031 Foldon domain 0579 H017 Cap256-SU_bg505-NCgp120 + int + CAP256-SU/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform (Res. 31- Chimeric gp140 with BG505 gp41.SOSIP chimera 45, 478-507, 512-664), gp41ecto/gp120-NC + Interface BG505 Interface (Int.) Res. set A “platform” and Res. set A (Res. 46-54; heterologous gp120 70-75; 84-89; 99; 102;  106; 107; 114; 215; 220- 224; 226; 244; 471-473;  476-477), remainder = Cap256-SU 0580 H018 SHIV-1157ipd3N4_bg505-NCgp120 + int + SHIV-1157ipd3N4/ SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0579 gp41.SOSIP BG505 chimera Int. Res. set A; remainder-  SHIV-1157ipd3N4 0581 H019 CH117.4_332N_bg505-NCgp120 + int + CH117.4/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0579 gp41.SOSIP chimera Int. Res. set A; remainder- CH117.4 gp120 0582 H020 CNE58_SU-strandC_bg505-NCgp120 + int + CNE58_SU- SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_0579 gp41.SOSIP strandC/BG505 Int. Res. set A; chimera remainder- CNE58_SU-strandC 0583 H021 25925-2.22_bg505-NCgp120 + int + 25925-2.22/ SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0579 gp41.SOSIP BG505 chimera Int. Res. set A; remainder- 25925-2.22 0584 H022 3301_V1_C24_bg505-NCgp120 + int + 3301_V1_C24/ SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0579 gp41.SOSIP BG505 chimera Int. Res. set A; remainder- 3301_V1_C24 0585 H023 ZM53-R166W_bg505-NCgp120 + int + ZM53/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0579 gp41.SOSIP chimera Int. Res. set A; remainder- ZM53- R166Wgp120 0586 H024 ZM53_bg505-NCgp120 + int + gp41.SOSIP ZM53/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0579 chimera Int. Res. set A;; remainder- ZM53 0587 H025 KER2018.11_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP KER2018.11/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, heterologous gp120 with (gp41 + chimera remainder = KER2018.11 gp120-NC (Res. 31-45; 478-507) from BG505.SOSIP) 0588 H026 KER2018.11_bg505-NCgp120 + int + KER2018.11/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0579 gp41.SOSIP chimera Int. Res. set A;; remainder- KER2018.11 0589 H027 ZM233.6_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP ZM233.6/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera remainder = ZM233.6 0590 H028 ZM233.6_bg505-NCgp120 + int + gp41. ZM233.6/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0579 SOSIP chimera Int. Res. set A;; remainder- ZM233.6 0591 H029 UG037.8_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP UG037.8/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0379 chimera Int. Res. set A;; remainder- UG037.8 0592 H030 C13_psv02_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP C13/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0379 chimera Int. Res. set A;; remainder- C13 0593 H031 45_01dG5_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP 45_01dG5/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0379 chimera Int. Res. set A; remainder- 45_01dG5 0594 H032 ZM215.8-dCD4bsGlyc_bg505-NCgp120 + ZM215.8/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_0379 gp41.SOSIP chimera Int. Res. set A;; remainder- ZM215.8-dCD4bsGlyc 0595 H033 426c-dCD4bsGlyc_bg505-NCgp120 + 426c/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_0379 gp41.SOSIP chimera Int. Res. set A;; remainder- 426c-dCD4bsGlyc 0596 F038 bg505.sosip_1dwn_bph-pp7-180_3- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PP7 sosip - linker - particle 127_5ln_mut1 0597 F039 bg505.sosip_1dwn_bph-pp7-180_3- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PP7 Same as Seq_0596 127_8ln_mut1 0598 F040 bg505.sosip_1dwn_bph-pp7-180_3- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PP7 Same as Seq_0596 127_8ln_mut1 0599 F041 bg505.sosip_1qbe_bph-qB-180_6- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE Q BETA Same as Seq_0596 132_3ln_mut1 CAPSID 0600 F042 bg505.sosip_1qbe_bph-qB-180_6- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE Q BETA Same as Seq_0596 132_5ln_mut1 CAPSID 0601 F043 bg505.sosip_1qbe_bph-qB-180_6- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE Q BETA Same as Seq_0596 132_10ln_mut1 CAPSID 0602 F044 bg505.sosip_2vf9_bph-prr1-180_6-131- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PRR1 Same as Seq_0596 3ln_mut1 0603 F045 bg505.sosip_2vf9_bph-prr1-180_6-131- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PRR1 Same as Seq_0596 5ln_mut1 0604 F046 bg505.sosip_2vf9_bph-prr1-180_6-131- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N bacteriophage PRR1 Same as Seq_0596 10ln_mut1 0605 F047 bg505.sosip_1gav_bph-ga-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE GA PROTEIN Same as Seq_0596 129_3ln_mut1 CAPSID 0606 F048 bg505.sosip_1gav_bph-ga-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE GA PROTEIN Same as Seq_0596 129_5ln_mut1 CAPSID 0607 F049 bg505.sosip_1gav_bph-ga-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE GA PROTEIN Same as Seq_0596 129_10ln_mut1 CAPSID 0608 F050 bg505.sosip_1frs_bph-fr-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE FR CAPSID Same as Seq_0596 129_5ln_mut1 0609 F051 bg505.sosip_1frs_bph-fr-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE FR CAPSID Same as Seq_0596 129_10ln_mut1 0610 F052 bg505.sosip_1frs_bph-fr-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N BACTERIOPHAGE FR CAPSID Same as Seq_0596 129_15ln_mut1 0611 F053 bg505.sosip_1mva_ph-ms2-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N PHAGE M52 PROTEIN CAPSID Same as Seq_0596 129_5ln_mut1 0612 F054 bg505.sosip_1mva_ph-ms2-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N PHAGE M52 PROTEIN CAPSID Same as Seq_0596 129_10ln_mut1 0613 F055 bg505.sosip_1mva_ph-ms2-180_7- BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N PHAGE M52 PROTEIN CAPSID Same as Seq_0596 129_15ln_mut1 0614 F056 bg505.sosip_1hqk_ls-60_9ln_mut1 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N LUMAZINE SYNTHASE FROM  Same as Seq_0596 AQUIFEX AEOLICUS 0615 F057 bg505.sosip_3bve_ferr-24_9ln_mut1 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Helicobacter pylori Same as Seq_0596 ferritin 0616 F058 BG505.SOSIP.linker_1AA7_Ln9 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M1 protein sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0617 F059 BG505.SOSIP.linker_1AA7_Ln12 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M1 protein sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0618 F060 BG505.SOSIP.linker_1AA7_Ln15 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M1 protein sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0619 F061 BG505.SOSIP.linker_1AA7_Ln18 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M1 protein sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0620 F062 BG505SOSIP-linker3-3VDX BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 3VDX Cage sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0621 F063 BG505SOSIP-linker8-3VDX BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 3VDX Cage sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0622 F064 BG505SOSIP-linker9-3VDX BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 3VDX Cage sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0623 F065 BG505SOSIP-linker12-3VDX BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 3VDX Cage sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0624 F066 BG505SOSIP-linker15-3VDX BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 3VDX Cage sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0625 F067 BG505SOSIP-linker18-3VDX BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N 3VDX Cage sosip-self-assembling protein cage 0626 F068 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_NtermH1_4_ BG505 Circ. permut., SOSIP, Circ. permut. V1V2 swap Ferritin T332N, 664, V1V2 swap, nanoparticle nanoparticle 0627 F069 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_Ker2018_NtermH1_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 4_Ferritin 0628 F070 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_201C433C_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 201C, 433C Same as Seq_0626 NtermH1_4_Ferritin 0629 F071 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_Ker2018_201C433C_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 201C, 433C Same as Seq_0626 NtermH1_4_Ferritin 0630 F072 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_NtermH1_6_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 Ferritin 0631 F073 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_KER2018_NtermH1_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 6_Ferritin 0632 F074  BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_NtermH1_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 6_longer_Ferritin 0633 F075 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_KER2018_NtermH1_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 6_longer_Ferritin 0634 F076 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_NtermH1_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 12_Ferritin 0635 F077 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_KER2018_NtermH1_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 12_Ferritin 0636 F078  BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_NtermH1_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 Tri_Ferritin 0637 F079 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_KER2018_NtermH1_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 Tri_Ferritin 0638 F080 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_KER2018_Circ_LS BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 0639 F081 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_KER2018_Circ_short_LS BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 0640 F082 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_KER2018_Circ_long_LS BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 0641 F083 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_Circ_LS BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 0642 F084 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_201C433C_Circ_LS BG505 Same as Seq_0626 201C, 433C Same as Seq_0626 0643 F085 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_NtermH1_Tri_LS BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 0644 F086 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_KER2018_NtermH1_Tri_LS BG505 Same as Seq_0626 Same as Seq_0626 0645 F087 BG505.SOSIP.T332N_ZM233_NtermH1_Tri_ BG505 Same as Seq_0626 201C, 433C Same as Seq_0626 201C433C_LS 0646 A204 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I225C/V245C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I225C/V245C DS 0647 A205 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V36C/T606C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V36C_T606C DS 0648 A206 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T37C/T606C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T37C_T606C DS 0649 A207 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V36C/V496C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V36C_V496C DS 0650 A208 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V36C/P498C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V36C_P498C DS 0651 A209 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T37C/A497C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T37C_A497C DS 0652 A210 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V38C/V496C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V38C_V496C DS 0653 A211 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A200C/Q432C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A200C/Q432C DS 0654 A212 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T202C/M434C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T202C_M434C DS 0655 A213 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T202C/M434C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T202C_M434C_G431F DS, CavF at gp120 C4 substitued G431F with F and stablize gp120, interprotomer 0656 A214 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T202C_A433C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T202C_A433C DS 0657 A215 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V182D BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 , T332N V182D salt bridge at gp120 V2 to stablize V2 by subtitution of D, 0658 A216 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I251F/L260F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I251F/L260F hydrophobic core betwwen gp120 V2/V3 with double F substitution to stabilize V1/V2/V3 0659 A217 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I225C/V488C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I225C/V488C DS 0660 A218 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N478F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N478F CavF at gp120 C terminus substitued with F and stablize gp120 C terminus 0661 A219 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T163D_Q170R BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T163D_Q17OR salt bridge at gp120 V2 to stablize V1/V2 with D and R substitution 0662 A220 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T163C_Q170C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T163C_Q170C DS 0663 A221 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I309R_Q315D BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I309R_Q315D salt bridge at gp120 V3 to stablize V1/V2/V3 with D and R subtitution 0664 A222 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I294C_V333C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I294C_V333C DS 0665 A223 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I294D_V333R BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I294D_V333R salt bridge at gp120 V3 to stablize V1/V2/V3 with D and R subtitution 0666 A224 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G380F_P437F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G380F_P437F hydrophobic core at gp120 C terminus with double-F substitution to stabilize gp120 C terminus 0667 A225 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G380F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G380F CavF at gp120 C4 with F substitution to stablize gp120 0668 A226 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_P437F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N P437F CavF at gp120 C terminus with F substitution and stablize gp120 C terminus 0669 A227 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V254F_L260F_ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V254F_L260F_L261F_G263F hydrophobic core at gp120 C2 L261F_G263F with four-F substitution to stabilize gp120 0670 A228 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V254F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V254F CavF at gp120 C2 with F substitution to stablize gp120 0671 A229 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L260F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L260F CavF at gp120 C2 with F substitution to stablize gp120 0672 A230  BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L261F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L261F CavF at gp120 C2 with F substitution to stablize gp120, interprotomer 0673 A231 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_G263W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N G263W CavF at gp120 C2 with W substitution to stablize gp120, interprotomer 0674 A232 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A55F_V75F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A55F_V75F hydrophobic core at gp120 C1 with double-F substitution to stabilize gp120 N terminus 0675 A233 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T77F_V245F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T77F_V245F hydrophobic core at gp120 C1/C2 with double-F substitution to stabilize gp120 N terminus 0676 A234 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T77F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T77F CavF at gp120 Cl with F substitution to stablize gp120 N terminus 0677 A235 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_S56H_P76E BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S56H_P76E salt bridge at gp120 C1 to stablize gp120 N terminus with  H and E subtitution 0678 A236 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A55F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A55F CavF at gp120 C1 with F substitution C to stablize gp120 N terminus 0679 A237 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A55F_P81W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A55F_P81W hydrophobic core at gp120 C1 with F and W substitution to stabilize gp120 N terminus 0680 A238 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L52F_I215W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L52F_I215W hydrophobic core at gp120 C1/C2 with double-F substitution to stabilize gp120 N terminus 0681 A239 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I109K_Q428E BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I109K_Q428E salt bridge at gp120 C1/C4 to stablize gp120 N/C terminus with K and E substitution 0682 A240 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T257C_S375C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T257C_S375C DS 0683 A241 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A55C_T77C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A55C_T77C DS 0684 A242 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L125F_L193W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L125F_L193W hydrophobic core at gp120 V1/V2 with F or W substitution to stabilize gp120 V1/V2 0685 A243 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L125F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L125F CavF at gp120 V1/V2. Substitute F to stabilize V1/V2/V3 0686 A244 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N136W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N136W CavF at gp120 V1. Substitute W to stabilize V1/V2/V3 0687 A245 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N136W_L154W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N136W_L154W hydrophobic core at gp120 V1 with double W substitution to stabilize gp120 V1/V2 0688 A246 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L193F_ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L193F_N195C_I423C DS, CavF at gp120 V1 substituted N195C_I423C with F and stabilize V1/V2, interprotomer 0689 A247 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I323W_I326F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I323W_I326F hydrophobic core at gp120 V3 with W or F substitution to stabilize gp120 V1/V2/V3 0690 A248 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I323W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I323W CavF at gp120 V3. Substitute F to stabilize V1/V2/V3 0691 A249 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I326F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I326F CavF at gp120 V3. Substitute F to stabilize V1/V2/V3 0692 A250 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M475F_N478F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M475F_N478F hydrophobic core at gp120 V3 with W or F substitution to stabilize gp120 V1/V2/V3 0693 A251 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q130H BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q130H salt bridge at gp120 C1 to stabilize gp120 N/C terminus with H substitution 0694 A252 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q103D_T106K BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q103D_T106K salt bridge at gp120 C1 to stabilize gp120 N/C terminus with K and D substitution 0695 A253 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_S110H_Q114E BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N S110H_Q114E salt bridge at gp120 C1 to stabilize gp120 N/C terminus with H and E substitution 0696 A254 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M150F_I326W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M150F_I326W hydrophobic core at gp120 V1/V3 with W or F substitution to stabilize gp120 V1/V2/V3 0697 A255 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L111W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L111W CavF at gp120 C1. Substitute W to stabilize gp120 terminus 0698 A256 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A204F_V208W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A204F_V208W hydrophobic core at gp120 C2 with W or F substitution to stabilize gp120 V1/V2/V3, interprotomer 0699 A257 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L537C_G41C BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L537C_G41C DS 0700 A258 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V245F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V245F CavF at gp120 C2. Substitute F to stabilize gp120 V1/V2/V3, interprotomer 0701 A259 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L125W.I195W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L125W, I195W Cavity filling of V1V2-V3 interface near 126-196 disulfide bond 0702 A260 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V2V3_Hyd2 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T139W,D140I,G324I,D325W hydrophobic patch between V1V2 and V3 near base of V3 and Variable loop 1 in V1V2 0703 A261 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y173W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y173W CavF at gp120 V1/V2/V3. 173: Substitute W or F 0704 A262 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L179W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L179W Stabilized V1V2 cap 0705 A263 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L175F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L175F CavF: V1V2-V3 interface, Substitute F or W, 0706 A264 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L175W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L175W CavF: V1V2-V3 interface, Substitute F or W, 0707 A265 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_E153F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N E153F CavF: V1V2-V3/gp120core interface, Substitute F or W, 0708 A266 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_E153W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N E153W CavF: V1V2-V3/gp120core interface, Substitute F or W, 0709 A267 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L154F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L154F CavF at gp120 V1/V2. Substitute F, Y or W, stabilize V1/V2/V3 0710 A268 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L154W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L154W CavF at gp120 V1/V2. Substitute F, Y or W, stabilize V1/V2/V3 0711 A269 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_E164F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N E164F CavF: inter-protomer, Substitute F or W, 0712 A270 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_E164W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N E164W CavF: inter-protomer, Substitute F or W, 0713 A271 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T198F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T198F CavF: V1V2-gp120core interface 0714 A272 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T202F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T202F CavF: V1V2-gp120core interface, Substitute F or W, 0715 A273 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T202W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T202W CavF: V1V2-gp120core interface 0716 A274 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A204F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A204F CavF: V1V2-gp120core interface, Substitute F or W, 0717 A275 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I423F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I423F CavF: gp120core-V1V2 interface, Substitute F or W, 0718 A276 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I423W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I423W CavF: gp120core-V1V2 interface 0719 A277 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q432F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q432F CavF: stabilize unliganded conformation of bridging sheet region, Substitute F or W, 0720 A278 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Q432W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Q432W, CavF: stabilize unliganded conformation of bridging sheet region 0721 A279 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A436M BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A436M CavF: stabilize unliganded conformation of bridging sheet region, Substitute F, M or W, 0722 A280 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A436F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A436F Same as Seq_0721 0723 A281 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A436W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A436W Same as Seq_0721 0724 A282 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_A204W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N A204W CavF: V1V2-gp120core interface, Substitute F or W, 0725 A283 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N302F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N302F CavF: V3-V1V2/gp120core interface, Substitute F or W, 0726 A284 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_N302W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N N302W CavF: V3-V1V2/gp120core interface, Substitute F or W, 0727 A285 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I307W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I307W V1V2/V3 stabilization/packing, Substitute F or W, 0728 A286 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I307F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I307F V1V2/V3 stabilization/packing/ non-bridging sheet, Substitute F or W, 0729 A287 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F210A BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F210A α-1 helix/destablize CD4-bound conformation 0730 A288 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F176W_I323Y BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F176W/I323Y CavF at gp120 V1/V2/V3. 176: Substitute Y or W; 323: F, Y, or W; stabilize V1/V2/V3 0731 A289 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F176W_L154W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F176W/L154W CavF at gp120 V1/V2. 176: Substitute Y or W; 154: F, Y, or W; stabilize V1/V2/V3 0732 A290 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F159Y_L154W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F159Y/L154W CavF at gp120 V1/V2. 159: Substitute Y or W; 154: F, Y, or W; stabilize V1/V2/V3 0733 A291 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_F176W BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N F176W CavF at gp120 V1/V2. Substitute Y or W, stabilize V1/V2/V3 0734 A292 BG505.R6.664_G41C_L537C BG505 R6, 664 G41C_L537C DS between gp120 and gp41 0735 A293 BG505.R6.664_G41C_A541C BG505 R6, 664 G41C_A541C DS between gp120 and gp41 0736 A294 BG505.R6.664_P43C_A526C BG505 R6, 664 P43C_A526C DS between gp120 and gp41 0737 A295 BG505.R6.664_A73C_G572C BG505 R6, 664 A73C_G572C DS between gp120 and gp41 0738 A296 BG505.R6.664_I84C_G521C BG505 R6, 664 I84C_G521C DS between gp120 and gp41 0739 A297 BG505.R6.664_V89C_G527C BG505 R6, 664 V89C_G527C DS between gp120 and gp41 0740 A298 BG505.IP.R6.664.T332N_A73C_G572C BG505 IP, R6, 664, T332N A73C_G572C DS between gp120 and gp41 0741 A299 BG505.1P.R6.664.T332N_I84C_G521C BG505 IP, R6, 664, T332N I84C_G521C DS between gp120 and gp41 0742 A300 BG505.IP.R6.664.T332N_V89C_G527C BG505 IP, R6, 664, T332N V89C_G527C DS between gp120 and gp41 0743 A301 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_R304C/Q440C BG505 IP, R6, 664, T332N R304C/Q440C DS 0744 F088 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I201C/A433C Polymeric Fc-fusion protein A433C_polymer hFc fusion 0745 0 ZM233.6 ZM233.6 0746 0 Q23.17 Q23.17 0747 0 A244 A244 0748 0 WITO.33 WITO.33 0749 0 ZM53.12 ZM53.12 0750 0 CNE58 CNE58 0751 0 3301_V1_C24 3301_V1_C24 0752 Z032 foldon domain 0753 Z033 foldon domain 0754 Z034 foldon domain 0755 Z035 foldon domain 0756 Z036 Encapsulin subunit 0757 Z037 DNA encoding SEQ ID NO: 352 0758 Z038  BG505 transmembrane domain 0759 Z039 DNA encoding BG505 transmembrane domain 0760 Z040 Influenza A Hemagglutinin transmembrane domain 0761 Z041 DNA encoding Influenza A Hemagglutinin transmembrane domain 0762 Z042 Influenza A Neuraminidase transmembrane domain 0763 Z043 DNA encoding Influenza A Neuraminidase transmembrane domain 0764 H034 Cap256-SU_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41. CAP256-SU/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 CAP256-SU gp120 with  heterologous gp120 with (gp41 + SOSIP_ds201-433 chimera (gp41 + gp120-NC from gp120-NC (Res. 31-45; 478-507) BG505.SOSIP) from BG505.SOSIP 0765 H035 3301_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41. 3301_V1_C24/ SOSIP, R6, 664 3301_V1_C24 gp120 with Same as Seq_0764 SOSIP_ds201-433 BG505 chimera (gp41 + gp120-NC from BG505.SOSIP) 0766 H036 ZM53_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41. ZM53/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 ZM53 gp120 with (gp41 + Same as Seq_0764 SOSIP_ds201-433 chimera gp120-NC from BG505.SOSIP) 0767 H037 Cap256-SU_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP + CAP256-SU/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 CAP256-SU gp120 with  BG505 Platform + Int. Res. int_ds201-433 chimera (gp41 + gp120-NC Set A from BG505.SOSIP) 0768 H038 3301_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP + 3301_V1_C24/ SOSIP, R6, 664 3301_V1_C24 gp120 with Same as Seq_0767 int_ds201-433 BG505 chimera (gp41 + gp120-NC from BG505.SOSIP) 0769 H039 ZM53_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP + ZM53/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 ZM53 gp120 with Same as Seq_0767 int_ds201-433 chimera (gp41 + gp120-NC from BG505.SOSIP) 0770 H040 CNE58-SUstrandC_bg505-NCgp120 + CNE58/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 CNE58 gp120 with BG505 Platform and Res. 166-173 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433 chimera (gp41 + gp120-NC from CAP256-SU from BG505.SOSIP) and (strand C from CAP256-SU) 0771 H041 CNE58-SUstrandC_bg505-NCgp120 + CNE58/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 CNE58 gp120 with BG505 Platform and Res. 166-173 gp41.SOSIP_d5304-440 chimera (gp41 + gp120-NC from CAP256-SU from BG505.SOSIP) and  (strand C from CAP256-SU) 0772 H042 BG505.SOSIP.664.R6.T332N BG505/CAP45 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N CAP45 as gp41 sequence BG505.SOSIP.664.R6.T332N chimera construct with gp41 from CAP45 0773 A302 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_I201C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K I201C/A433C A433C 0774 A303 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_A433P JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K A433P 0775 A304 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_Q432P JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K Q432P 0776 A305 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_S174C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K S174C/A319C A319C 0777 A306 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_N195C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K N195C/A433C A433C 0778 A307 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_S199C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K S199C/A433C A433C 0779 A308 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_R304C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K R304C/Q440C Q440C 0780 A309 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_F223W JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K F223W 0781 A310 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_G473Y JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K G473Y 0782 A311 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_G431P JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K G431P 0783 A312 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_N425C_ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K N425C_A433C A433C 0784 A313 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_V120C_ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K V120C_Q315C Q315C 0785 A314 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_Q203C_ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K Q203C_L122C L122C 0786 A315 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_I201C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K I201C/A433C/R304C/Q440C A433C/R304C/Q440C 0787 A316 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_R304C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K R304C/R440C Lock V3 to gp120 to prevent R440C exposure/opening 0788 A317 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_Q203C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K Q203C/F317C Same as Seq_0787 F317C 0789 A318 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_L122C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K L122C/F317C Same as Seq_0787 F317C 0790 A319 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_P437C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K P437C/Y318C Same as Seq_0787 Y318C 0791 A320 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_E172C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K E172C/I307C Locking V3 V3 to V1V2 to I307C prevent exposure/opening 0792 A321 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_P206C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K P206C/Y318C Same as Seq_0787 Y318C 0793 A322 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_A174C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K A174C/T319C Same as Seq_0791 T319C 0794 A323 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_S164C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K S164C/H308C Same as Seq_0791 H308C 0795 A324 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_T320C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K T320C/L175C Same as Seq_0791 L175C 0796 A325 JR-FLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_T320C/ JR-FL SOSIP, R6, 664, E168K T320C/P438C Same as Seq_0791 P438C 0797 F089 KER2008.12_V1V2V3CAP_fer_15ln_gyc KER2008 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. V1V2V3 constructed at distances permut., inter-subunit defined by the 4TVP structure disulfide, ferritin 0798 F090 KER2008.12_V1V2V3CAP_fer_10ln_gyc KER2008 Same as Seq_0797 Same as Seq_0797 0799 F091 KER2008.12_V1V2V3CAP_fer_10ln_gyc KER2008 Same as Seq_0797 Same as Seq_0797 0800 F092 Q23.17_V1V2V3CAP_fer_15ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0797 Same as Seq_0797 0801 F093 Q23.17_V1V2V3CAP_fer_10ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0797 Same as Seq_0797 0802 F094 Q23.17_V1V2V3CAP_fer_5ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0797 Same as Seq_0797 0803 F095 KER2008.12_V1V2V3CAP_LS_15ln_gyc KER2008 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 permut., inter-subunit disulfide, lumazine synthase 0804 F096 KER2008.12_V1V2V3CAP_LS_10ln_gyc KER2008 Same as Seq_0803 Same as Seq_0797 0805 F097 KER2008.12_V1V2V3CAP_LS_10ln_gyc KER2008 Same as Seq_0803 Same as Seq_0797 0806 F098 Q23.17_V1V2V3CAP_LS_15ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0803 Same as Seq_0797 0807 F099 Q23.17_V1V2V3CAP_LS_10ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0803 Same as Seq_0797 0808 F100 Q23.17_V1V2V3CAP_LS_5ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0803 Same as Seq_0797 0809 F101 KER2008.12_ds175_320_V1V2V3CAP_fer_ KER2008 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 15ln_gyc permut., inter-subunit  disulfide, intra-subunit disulfide, ferritin 0810 F102 KER2008.12_ds175_320_V1V2V3CAP_fer_ KER2008 Same as Seq_0809 Same as Seq_0797 10ln_gyc 0811 F103 KER2008.12_ds175_320_V1V2V3CAP_fer_ KER2008 Same as Seq_0809 Same as Seq_0797 10ln_gyc 0812 F104 Q23.17_ds174_319_V1V2V3CAP_fer_15ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0809 Same as Seq_0797 0813 F105 Q23.17_ds174_319_V1V2V3CAP_fer_10ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0809 Same as Seq_0797 0814 F106 Q23.17_ds174_319_V1V2V3CAP_fer_5ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0809 Same as Seq_0797 0815 F107 KER2008.12_ds175_320_V1V2V3CAP_LS_ KER2008 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 15ln_gyc permut., inter-subunit  disulfide, lumazine synthase, intra-subunit disulfide 0816 F108 KER2008.12_ds175_320_V1V2V3CAP_LS_ KER2008 Same as Seq_0815 Same as Seq_0797 10ln_gyc 0817 F109 KER2008.12_ds175_320_V1V2V3CAP_LS_ KER2008 Same as Seq_0815 Same as Seq_0797 10ln_gyc 0818 F110 Q23.17_ds174_319_V1V2V3CAP_LS_15ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0815 Same as Seq_0797 0819 F111 Q23.17_ds174_319_V1V2V3CAP_LS_10ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0815 Same as Seq_0797 0820 F112 Q23.17_ds174_319_V1V2V3CAP_LS_5ln_gyc Q23.17 Same as Seq_0815 Same as Seq_0797 0821 F113 BG505_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + BG505 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 1ln + ferr permut. 0822 F114 CNE58_SU-strandC_119-136 + ln + CNE58 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 296-331 + ln + 151-205 + 1ln + ferr permut. 0823 F115 3301_V1_C24_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + 3301 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 1ln + ferr permut. 0824 F116 ZM53-R166W_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ZM53 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 1ln + ferr permut. 0825 F117 ZM233.6_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + ZM233 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 1ln + ferr permut. 0826 F118 BG505_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + BG505 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 5ln + ferr permut. 0827 F119 CNE58_SU-strandC 119-136 + ln + CNE58 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 296-331 + ln + 151-205 + 5ln + ferr permut. 0828 F120 3301_V1_C24_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + 3301 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 5ln + ferr permut. 0829 F121  ZM53-R166W_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ZM53 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 5ln + ferr permut. 0830 F122 ZM233.6_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + ZM233 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 5ln + ferr permut. 0831 F123 BG505_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + BG505 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 10ln + ferr permut. 0832 F124 CNE58_SU-strandC_119-136 + ln + CNE58 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 296-331 + ln + 151-205 + 10ln + ferr permut. 0833 F125 3301_V1_C24_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + 3301 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 10ln + ferr permut. 0834 F126 ZM53-R166W_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ZM53 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 10ln + ferr permut. 0835 F127 ZM233.6_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + ZM233 V1V2V3 nanoparticle circ. Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 10ln + ferr permut. 0836 E001 KER2008.12_V1V2V3CAP_1VH8cp_10ln_gyc KER2008 V1V2V3 scaffold circ. Same as Seq_0797 permut., inter-subunit disulfide, 1VH8 0837 E002 KER2008.12_V1V2V3CAP_1VH8cp_15ln_gyc KER2008 V1V2V3 scaffold circ. Same as Seq_0797 permut., inter-subunit disulfide, 1VH8 0838 E003 Q23.17_V1V2V3CAP_1VH8cp_10ln_gyc Q23.17 V1V2V3 scaffold circ. Same as Seq_0797 permut., inter-subunit disulfide, 1VH8 0839 E004 Q23.17_V1V2V3CAP_1VH8cp_15ln_gyc Q23.17 V1V2V3 scaffold circ. Same as Seq_0797 permut., inter-subunit disulfide, 1VH8 0840 E005 KER2008.12_ds175_320_V1V2V3CAP_ KER2008 V1V2V3 scaffold circ. Same as Seq_0797 1VH8cp_10ln_gyc permut., inter-subunit disulfide, 1VH8, intra- subunit disulfide 0841 E006 KER2008.12_ds175_320_V1V2V3CAP_ KER2008 V1V2V3 scaffold circ. Same as Seq_0797 1VH8cp_15ln_gyc permut., inter-subunit disulfide, 1VH8, intra- subunit disulfide 0842 E007 Q23.17_ds174_319_V1V2V3CAP_1VH8cp_ Q23.17 V1V2V3 scaffold circ. Same as Seq_0797 10ln_gyc permut., inter-subunit disulfide, 1VH8, intra- subunit disulfide 0843 E008 Q23.17_ds174_319_V1V2V3CAP_1VH8cp_ Q23.17 V1V2V3 scaffold circ. Same as Seq_0797 15ln_gyc permut., inter-subunit disulfide, 1VH8, intra- subunit disulfide 0844 G004 BG505_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + BG505 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 3ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0845 G005 CNE58_SU-strandC_119-136 + ln + CNE58 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 296-331 + ln + 151-205 + 3ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0846 G006 3301_V1_C24_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + 3301 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 3ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0847 G007 ZM53-R166W_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ZM53 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 3ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0848 G008 ZM233.6_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + ZM233 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 3ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0849 G009 BG505_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + BG505 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 7ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0850 G010 CNE58_SU-strandC_119-136 + ln + CNE58 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 296-331 + ln + 151-205 + 7ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0851 G011 3301_V1_C24_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + 3301 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 7ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0852 G012 ZM53-R166W_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ZM53 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 ln + 151-205 + 7ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0853 G013 ZM233.6_119-136 + ln + 296-331 + ln + ZM233 V1V2V3 trimerization- Same as Seq_0797 151-205 + 7ln + foldon domain circ. permut. 0854 Z Linker 0855 Z 1VH8 Scaffold 1VH8 0856 H043 *286.36-chim_d7324.201C-433C 286.36/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, Res. 31-45, 478-507, 512- Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C 664 from BG505 (“BG505 Platform”), remainder = 286.36 0857 H044 288.38-chim_d7324.201C-433C 288.38/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 288.38 0858 H045 3988.25-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3988.25/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3988.25 0859 H046 5768.04-chim_d7324.201C-433C 5768.04/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder from 5768.04 0860 H047 6101.1-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6101.1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6101.1 0861 H048 6535.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6535.3/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6535.3 0862 H049 7165.18-chim_d7324.201C-433C 7165.18/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 7165.18 0863 H050 0013095-2.11-chim_d7324.201C-433C 0013095-2.11/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 0013095-2.11 0864 H051 001428-2.42-chim_d7324.201C-433C 001428-2.42/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 001428-2.42 0865 H052 0077_V1.C16-chim _d7324.201C-433C 0077_V1.C16/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 0077V1.C16 0866 H053 00836-2.5-chim_d7324.201C-433C 00836-2.5/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 00836-2.5 0867 H054 0260.v5.c36-chim_d7324.201C-433C 0260.v5.c36/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 0260.v5.c36 0868 H055 0330.v4.c3-chim_d7324.201C-433C 0330.v4.c3/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 0330.v4.c3 0869 H056 0439.v5.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C 0439.v5.c1/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 0439.v5.c1 0870 H057 0815.V3.C3-chim_d7324.201C-433C 0815.V3.C3/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 0815.V3.C3 0871 H058 *0921.V2.C14-chim_d7324.201C-433C 0921.V2.C14/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 0921.V2.C14 0872 H059 *16055-2.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C 16055-2.3/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 16055-2.3 0873 H060 16845-2.22-chim_d7324.201C-433C 16845-2.22/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 16845-2.22 0874 H061 16936-2.21-chim_d7324.201C-433C 16936-2.21/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 16936-2.21 0875 H062 231965.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C 231965.c1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 231965.c1 0876 H063 235-47-chim_d7324.201C-433C 235-47/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 235-47 0877 H064 242-14-chim_d7324.201C-433C 242-14/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 242-14 0878 H065 247-23-chim_d7324.201C-433C 247-23/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 247-23 0879 H066 25710-2.43-chim_d7324.201C-433C 25710-2.43/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 25710-2.43 0880 H067 25711-2.4-chim_d7324.201C-433C 25711-2.4/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 25711-2.4 0881 H068 *25925-2.22-chim_d7324.201C-433C 25925-2.22/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 25925-2.22 0882 H069 26191-2.48-chim_d7324.201C-433C 26191-2.48/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 26191-2.48 0883 H070 263-8-chim_d7324.201C-433C 263-8/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 263-8 0884 H071 269-12-chim_d7324.201C-433C 269-12/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 269-12 0885 H072 271-11-chim_d7324.201C-433C 271-11/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 271-11 0886 H073 3016.v5.c45-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3016.v5.c45/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3016.v5.c45 0887 H074 3168.V4.C10-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3168.V4.C10/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3168.V4.C10 0888 H075 *3301.V1.C24-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3301.V1.C24/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3301.V1.C24 0889 H076 3326.V4.C3-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3326.V4.C3/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3326.V4.C3 0890 H077 3337.V2.C6-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3337.V2.C6/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3337.V2.C6 0891 H078 3365.v2.c20-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3365.v2.c20/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3365.v2.c20 0892 H079 3415.v1.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3415.v1.c1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3415.v1.c1 0893 H080 3468.V1.C12-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3468.V1.C12/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3468.V1.C12 0894 H081 3589.V1.C4-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3589.V1.C4/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3589.V1.C4 0895 H082 3637.V5.C3-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3637.V5.C3/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3637.V5.C3 0896 H083 3718.v3.c11-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3718.v3.c11/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3718.v3.c11 0897 H084 3817.v2.c59-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3817.v2.c59/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3817.v2.c59 0898 H085 3873.V1.C24-chim_d7324.201C-433C 3873.V1.C24/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 3873.V1.C24 0899 H086 398-F1_F6_20-chim_d7324.201C-433C 398-F1_F6_20/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 398-F1_F6_20 0900 H087 57128.vrc15-chim_d7324.201C-433C 57128.vrc15/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 57128.vrc15 0901 H088 6095.V1.C10-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6095.V1.C10/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6095.V1.C10 0902 H089 *620345.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C 620345.c1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 620345.c1 0903 H090 6322.V4.C1-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6322.V4.C1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6322.V4.C1 0904 H091 6405.v4.c34-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6405.v4.c34/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6405.v4.c34 0905 H092 6471.V1.C16-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6471.V1.C16/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6471.V1.C16 0906 H093 6540.v4.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6540.v4.c1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6540.v4.c1 0907 H094 6545.V3.C13-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6545.V3.C13/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6545.V3.C13 0908 H095 6545.V4.C1-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6545.V4.C1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6545.V4.C1 0909 H096 6631.V3.C10-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6631.V3.C10/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6631.V3.C10 0910 H097 6644.V2.C33-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6644.V2.C33/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6644.V2.C33 0911 H098 6785.V5.C14-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6785.V5.C14/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6785.V5.C14 0912 H099 6838.V1.C35-chim_d7324.201C-433C 6838.V1.C35/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6838.V1.C35 0913 H100 89.6.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C 89.6.DG/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 89.6.DG 0914 H101 928-28-chim_d7324.201C-433C 928-28/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 928-28 0915 H102 962M651.02-chim_d7324.201C-433C 96ZM651.02/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 962M651.02 0916 H103 A03349M1.vrc4a-chim_d7324.201C-433C A03349M1.vrc4a/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = A03349M1.vrc4a 0917 H104 *AC10.29-chim_d7324.201C-433C AC10.29/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = AC10.29 0918 H105 ADA.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C ADA.DG/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ADA.DG 0919 H106 Bal.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C Bal.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = Bal.01 0920 H107 BaL.26-chim_d7324.201C-433C BaL.26/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = BaL.26 0921 H108 BB201.1342-chim_d7324.201C-433C BB201.1342/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = BB201.B42 0922 H109 BB539.21313-chim_d7324.201C-433C BB539.21313/ SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = B13539.21313 0923 H110 BG1168.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C BG1168.01/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = BG1168.01 0924 H111 *B1369.9A-chim_d7324.201C-433C B1369.9A/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = B1369.9A 0925 H112 BLO1.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C BLO1.DG/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = BL01.DG 0926 H113 BR025.9-chim_d7324.201C-433C BR025.9/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = BR025.9 0927 H114 BR07.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C BR07.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = BR07.DG 0928 H115 BS208.131-chim_d7324.201C-433C BS208.131/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = BS208.61 0929 H116 BX08.16-chim_d7324.201C-433C BX08.16/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = BX08.16 0930 H117 *C1080.c3-chim_d7324.201C-433C C1080.c3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = C1080.c3 0931 H118 C2101.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C C2101.c1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = C2101.c1 0932 H119 C3347.c11-chim_d7324.201C-433C C3347.c11/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = C3347.c11 0933 H120 *C4118.09-chim_d7324.201C-433C C4118.09/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = C4118.09 0934 H121 CAAN.A2-chim_d7324.201C-433C CAAN.A2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CAAN.A2 0935 H122 CAP210.E8-chim_d7324.201C-433C CAP210.E8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CAP210.E8 0936 H123 CAP244.D3-chim_d7324.201C-433C CAP244.D3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CAP244.D3 0937 H124 *CAP45.G3-chim_d7324.201C-433C CAP45.G3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CAP45.G3 0938 H125 *CH038.12-chim_d7324.201C-433C CH038.12/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CH038.12 0939 H126 CH070.1-chim_d7324.201C-433C CH070.1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CH070.1 0940 H127 *CH117.4-chim_d7324.201C-433C CH117.4/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CH117.4 0941 H128 CH181.12-chim_d7324.201C-433C CH181.12/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CH181.12 0942 H129 CNE10-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE10/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE10 0943 H130 CNE12-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE12/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE12 0944 H131 CNE14-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE14/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE14 0945 H132 CNE15-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE15/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE15 0946 H133 CNE3-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE3 0947 H134 CNE30-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE30/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE30 0948 H135 CNE31-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE31/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE31 0949 H136 CNE4-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE4/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE4 0950 H137 CNE40-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE40/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE40 0951 H138 CNE5-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE5 0952 H139 CNE53-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE53/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE53 0953 H140 *CNE55-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE55/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE55 0954 H141 CNE56-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE56/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE56 0955 H142 CNE57-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE57/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE57 0956 H143 CNE58-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE58/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE58 0957 H144 CNE59-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE59/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE59 0958 H145 CNE7-chim_d7324.201C-433C CNE7/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE7 0959 H146 DJ263.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C DJ263.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = DJ263.8 0960 H147 DU123.06-chim_d7324.201C-433C DU123.06/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = DU123.06 0961 H148 DU151.02-chim_d7324.201C-433C DU151.02/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = DU151.02 0962 H149 *DU156.12-chim_d7324.201C-433C DU156.12/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = DU156.12 0963 H150 DU172.17-chim_d7324.201C-433C DU172.17/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = DU172.17 0964 H151 *DU422.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C DU422.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = DU422.01 0965 H152 H086.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C H086.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = H086.8 0966 H153 HT593.1-chim_d7324.201C-433C HT593.1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = HT593.1 0967 H154 JRCSF.JB-chim_d7324.201C-433C JRCSF.JB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = JRCSF.JB 0968 H155 JRFLIB-chim_d7324.201C-433C JRFL.JB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = JRFL.JB 0969 H156 KER2008.12-chim_d7324.201C-433C KER2008.12/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = KER2008.12 0970 H157 KER2018.11-chim_d7324.201C-433C KER2018.11/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = KER2018.11 0971 H158 KNH1209.18-ch1m_d7324.201C-433C KNH1209.18/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = KNH1209.18 0972 H159 M02138-chim_d7324.201C-433C M02138/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = M02138 0973 H160 *MB201.A1-chim_d7324.201C-433C MB201.A1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = MB201.A1 0974 H161 MB539.2137-chim_d7324.201C-433C MB539.2137/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = MB539.267 0975 H162 MI369.A5-chim_d7324.201C-433C MI369.A5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = MI369.A5 0976 H163 MN.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C MN.3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = MN.3 0977 H164 M5208.A1-chim_d7324.201C-433C M5208.A1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = M5208.A1 0978 H165 *MW965.26-chim_d7324.201C-433C MW965.26/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = MW965.26 0979  H166 NKU3006.ec1-chim_d7324.201C-433C NKU3006.ec1/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = NKU3006.ec1 0980 H167 PVO.04-chim_d7324.201C-433C PVO.04/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = PVO.04 0981 H168 Q168.a2-chim_d7324.201C-433C Q168.a2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = Q168.a2 0982 H169 Q23.17-chim_d7324.201C-433C Q23.17/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = Q23.17 0983 H170 Q259.17-chim_d7324.201C-433C Q259.17/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = Q259.17 0984 H171 Q461.e2-chim_d7324.201C-433C Q461.e2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = Q461.e2 0985 H172 Q769.d22-chim_d7324.201C-433C Q769.d22/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = Q769.d22 0986 H173 Q769.h5-chim_d7324.201C-433C Q769.h5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = Q769.h5 0987 H174 Q842.d12-chim_d7324.201C-433C Q842.d12/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = Q842.d12 0988 H175 QH0515.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C QH0515.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = QH0515.01 0989 H176 QH0692.42-chim_d7324.201C-433C QH0692.42/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = QH0692.42 0990 H177 *QH209.14M.A2-chim_d7324.201C-433C QH209.14M.A2/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = QH209.14M.A2 0991 H178 R1166.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C R1166.c1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = R1166.c1 0992 H179 R2184.c4-chim_d7324.201C-433C R2184.c4/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = R2184.c4 0993 H180 R3265.c6-chim_d7324.201C-433C R3265.c6/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = R3265.c6 0994 H181 REJ0.67-chim_d7324.201C-433C REJO.67/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = REJO.67 0995 H182 RHPA.7-chim_d7324.201C-433C RHPA.7/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = RHPA.7 0996 H183 RWO20.2-chim_d7324.201C-433C RWO20.2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = RWO20.2 0997 H184 SC422.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C SC422.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = SC422.8 0998 H185 SF162.LS-chim_d7324.201C-433C SF162.LS/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = SF162.LS 0999 H186 SO18.18-chim_d7324.201C-433C SO18.18/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = SO18.18 1000 H187 SS1196.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C SS1196.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = SS1196.01 1001 H188 T250-4-chim_d7324.201C-433C T250-4/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T250-4 1002 H189 T251-18-chim_d7324.201C-433C T251-18/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T251-18 1003 H190 T253-11-chim_d7324.201C-433C T253-11/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T253-11 1004 H191 T255-34-chim_d7324.201C-433C T255-34/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T255-34 1005 H192 T257-31-chim_d7324.201C-433C T257-31/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T257-31 1006 H193 T266-60-chim_d7324.201C-433C T266-60/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T266-60 1007 H194 T278-50-chim_d7324.201C-433C T278-50/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T278-50 1008 H195 T280-5-ch1m_d7324.201C-433C T280-5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T280-5 1009 H196 T33-7-chim_d7324.201C-433C T33-7/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = T33-7 1010 H197 *TH966.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C TH966.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = TH966.8 1011 H198 TH976.17-chim_d7324.201C-433C TH976.17/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = TH976.17 1012 H199 THRO.18-chim_d7324.201C-433C THRO.18/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = THRO.18 1013 H200 TRJO.58-chim_d7324.201C-433C TRJO.58/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = TRJO.58 1014 H201 TRO.11-chim_d7324.201C-433C TRO.11/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = TRO.11 1015 H202 TV1.29-chim_d7324.201C-433C TV1.29/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = TV1.29 1016 H203 TZA125.17-chim_d7324.201C-433C TZA125.17/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = TZA125.17 1017 H204 TZBD.02-chim_d7324.201C-433C TZBD.02/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = TZBD.02 1018 H205 UG021.16-chim_d7324.201C-433C UG021.16/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = UG021.16 1019 H206 UG024.2-chim_d7324.201C-433C UG024.2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = UG024.2 1020 H207 UG037.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C UG037.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = UG037.8 1021 H208 WITO.33-chim_d7324.201C-433C WITO.33/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = WITO.33 1022 H209 X2088.c9-chim_d7324.201C-433C X2088.c9/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = X2088.c9 1023 H210 YU2.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C YU2.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = YU2.DG 1024 H211 ZA012.29-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZA012.29/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZA012.29 1025 H212 *ZM106.9-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM106.9/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM106.9 1026 H213 ZM109.4-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM109.4/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM109.4 1027 H214 ZM135.10a-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM135.10a/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM135.10a 1028 H215 ZM176.66-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM176.66/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM176.66 1029 H216 ZM197.7-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM197.7/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM197.7 1030 H217 ZM214.15-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM214.15/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM214.15 1031 H218 ZM215.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM215.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM215.8 1032 H219 ZM233.6-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM233.6/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM233.6 1033 H220 ZM249.1-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM249.1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM249.1 1034 H221 *ZM53.12-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM53.12/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM53.12 1035 H222 *ZM55.28a-chim_d7324.201C-433C ZM55.28a/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_0379 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM55.28a 1036 H223 6101.1-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C 6101.1 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45, Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder- 6101.1 1037 H224 Bal.01-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C Bal.01 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  Bal.01 1038 H225 BG1168.01-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C BG1168.01 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45, Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder- BG1168.01 1039 H226 CAAN.A2-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C CAAN.A2 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664 ,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  CAAN.A2 1040 H227 DU156.12-chim + int d7324.201C-433C DU156.12 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  DU156.12 1041 H228 DU422.01-chim + int d7324.201C-433C DU422.01 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  DU422.01 1042 H229 JRCSF.JB-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C JRCSF.JB + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  JRCSF.JB 1043 H230 JRFL.JB-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C JRFL.JB + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  JRFL.JB 1044 H231 KER2018.11-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C KER2018.11 + SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45, Same as Seq_0579 int/BG505  201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. chimera Res. set A; remainder- KER2018.11 1045 H232 PVO.04-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C PVO.04 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  PVO.04 1046 H233 Q168.a2-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C Q168.a2 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  Q168.a2 1047 H234 Q23.17-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C Q23.17 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  Q23.17 1048 H235 Q769.h5-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C Q769.h5 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  Q769.h5 1049 H236 RW020.2-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C RW020.2 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  RW020.2 1050 H237 THRO.18-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C THRO.18 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  THRO.18 1051 H238 TRJO.58-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C TRJO.58 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  TRJO.58 1052 H239 TRO.11-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C TRO.11 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45, Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  TRO.11 1053 H240 YU2.DG-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C YU2.DG + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45, Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  YU2.DG 1054 H241 ZA012.29-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C ZA012.29 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  ZA012.29 1055 H242 ZM106.9-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C ZM106.9 + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder-  ZM106.9 1056 H243 ZM55.28a-chim + int_d7324.201C-433C ZM55.28a + int/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505: Res. 31-45,  Same as Seq_0579 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 478-507, 512-664 and Int. Res. set A; remainder- ZM55.28a 1057 A326 *6101.1.sosip_d7324.201C-433C 6101.1 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1058 A327 *Bal.01.sosip_d7324.201C-433C Bal.01 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1059 A328 *BG1168.01.sosip_d7324.201C-433C BG1168.01 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1060 A329 *CAAN.A2.sosip_d7324.201C-433C CAAN.A2 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1061 A330 *DU156.12.sosip_d7324.201C-433C DU156.12 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1062 A331 *DU422.01.sosip_d7324.201C-433C DU422.01 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1063 A332 *JRC5F.JB.sosip_d7324.201C-433C JRCSF.JB SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1064 A333 *JRFLIB.sosip_d7324.201C-433C JRFL.JB SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1065 A334 *KER2018.11.sosip_d7324.201C-433C KER2018.11 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1066 A335 *PVO.04.sosip_d7324.201C-433C PVO.04 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C5 1067 A336 *Q168.a2.sosip_d7324.201C-433C Q168.a2 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1068 A337 *Q23.17.sosip_d7324.201C-433C Q23.17 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1069 A338 *Q769.h5.sosip_d7324.201C-433C Q769.h5 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C5 1070 A339 *RW020.2.sosip_d7324.201C-433C RW020.2 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1071 A340 *THRO.18.sosip_d7324.201C-433C THRO.18 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1072 A341 *TRJO.58.sosip_d7324.201C-433C TRJO.58 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1073 A342 *TRO.11.sosip_d7324.201C-433C TRO.11 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1074 A343 *YU2.DG.sosip_d7324.201C-433C YU2.DG SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1075 A344 *ZA012.29.sosip_d7324.201C-433C ZA012.29 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1076 A345 *ZM106.9.sosip_d7324.201C-433C ZM106.9 SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1077 A346 *ZM55.28a.sosip_d7324.201C-433C ZM55.28a SOSIP, R6, 664, 201C, 433C 1078 H244 6101.1-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C 6101.1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Chimeric single chain Env with chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, BG505gp41ecto/gp120-NC remainder = ZM55.28a “platform” and heterologous gp120 1079 H245 Bal.01-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C Bal.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = Bal.01 1080 H246 BG1168.01-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C BG1168.01/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = BG1168.01 1081 H247 CAAN.A2-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C CAAN.A2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, Res. 31-45, 478-507, 512-664 from BG505, remainder = CAAN.A2 1082 H248 DU156.12-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C DU156.12/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = DU156.12 1083 H249 DU422.01-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C DU422.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = DU422.01 1084 H250 JRCSF.JB-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C JRCSF.JB/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = JRCSF.JB 1085 H251 JRFL.JB-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C JRFL.JB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, Res. 31-45, 478-507, 512-664 from BG505, remainder = JRFL.JB 1086 H252 KER2018.11-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C KER2018.11/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 BG505 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = KER2018.11 1087 H253 PVO.04-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C PVO.04/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, Platform, remainder = PVO.04 1088 H254 Q168.a2-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C Q168.a2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = Q168.a2 1089 H255 Q23.17-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C Q23.17/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = Q23.17 1090 H256 Q769.h5-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C Q769.h5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = Q769.h5 1091 H257 RW020.2-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C RW020.2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = RW020.2 1092 H258 THRO.18-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C THRO.18/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = THRO.18 1093 H259 TRJO.58-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C TRJO.58/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = TRJO.58 1094 H260 TRO.11-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C TRO.11/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = TRO.11 1095 H261 YU2.DG-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C YU2.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = YU2.DG 1096 H262 ZA012.29-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C ZA012.29/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = ZA012.29 1097 H263 ZM106.9-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C ZM106.9/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = ZM106.9 1098 H264 ZM55.28a-chim-sc_d7324.201C-433C ZM55.28a/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1078 chimera 201C/433C 508-511, BG505 Platform, remainder = ZM55.28a 1099 H265 ZM53_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP_ds201- ZM53/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Ferritin particle with Chimeric 433_3bve-5ln chimera 201C/433C; 332N remainder = ZM53, gp140 with BG505 gp41ecto/ ferritin linked to gp120-NC “platform” and gp41-C heterologous gp120 1100 H266 CNE55-glyc332_bg505-NCgp120 + CNE55/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_ferr-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = CNE55, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1101 H267 P0402_C1_bg505-NCgp120 + P0402_C11/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_ferr-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = P0402_C11, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1102 H268 X1193_C1_bg505-NCgp120 + X1193_C1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_ferr-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = X1193_C1, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1103 H269 DU156.12_bg505-NCgp120 + DU156.12/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_ferr-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = DU156.12, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1104 H270 DU422.01_bg505-NCgp120 + DU422.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_ferr-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = DU422.01, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1105 H271 25925-2.22_bg505-NCgp120 + 25925-2.22/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = 25925-2.22, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1106 H272 3301_V1_C24_bg505-NCgp120 + 3301_V1_C24/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder= 3301_V1_C24, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1107 H273 Cap256-SU_bg505-NCgp120 + Cap256-SU/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = Cap256-SU, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1108 H274 CH117.4_332N_bg505-NCgp120 + CH117.4_332N/ SOSIP, R6, 664,   BG505 Platform,  Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CH117.4_332N, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1109 H275 CNE58_SU-strandC_bg505-NCgp120 + CNE58_SU- SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform , Res. Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln strandC/ 201C/433C 166-173 (strand C) from BG505 chimera CAP256-SU, remainder = CNE58, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1110 H276 KER2018.11_bg505-NCgp120 + KER2018.11/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = KER2018.11, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1111 H277 ZM233.6_bg505-NCgp120 + int + ZM233.6/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM233.6 ferritin linked to gp41-C 1112 H278 ZM53_bg505-NCgp120 + ZM53/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM53, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1113 H279 45_01dG5_bg505-NCgp120 + G5 from d45/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1099 gp41.SOSIP_ds201-433_3bve-5ln BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = dG5, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1114 H280 231965.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C. 231965.c1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Res. Set  Chimeric gp140 with gp41ecto/ mi-cl-min chimera 201C/433C B (Res. 133; 134; 164; gp120-NC “platform” and 169; 308; 316) from BG505 BG505 Res. Set B, and (“BG505 Res. Set B”), heterologous gp120 remainder = 231965.c1 1115 H281 288.38-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min 288.38/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 288.38 1116 H282 3415.v1.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- 3415.v1.c1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 cl-min chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 3415.v1.c1 1117 H283 3817.v2.c59-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- 3817.v2.c59/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 cl-min BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 3817.v2.c59 1118 H284 57128.vrc15-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- 57128.vrc15/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 cl-min BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 57128.vrc15 1119 H285 6535.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min 6535.3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 6535.3 1120 H286 89.6.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min 89.6.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 89.6.DG 1121 H287 A03349M1.vrc4a-chim_d7324.201C-433C. A03349M1.vrc4a/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 mi-cl-min BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = A03349M1.vrc4a 1122 H288 Bal.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min Bal.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = Bal.01 1123 H289 BaL.26-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min BaL.26/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = BaL.26 1124 H290 BG1168.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- BG1168.01/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 cl-min chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = BG1168.01 1125 H291 BR07.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min BR07.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = BR07.DG 1126 H292 CNE10-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min CNE10/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = CNE10 1127 H293 CNE30-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min CNE30/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = CNE30 1128 H294 CNE4-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min CNE4/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = CNE4 1129 H295 JRCSF.JB-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min JRCSF.JB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = JRCSF.JB 1130 H296 JRFLIB-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min JRFLIB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = JRFL.JB 1131 H297 MB539.2137-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- MB539.2137/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 cl-min chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = MB539.267 1132 H298 MN.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min MN.3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = MN.3 1133 H299 NKU3006.ec1-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- NKU3006.ec1/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 cl-min BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = NKU3006.ec1 1134 H300 PVO.04-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min PVO.04/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = PVO.04 1135 H301 Q259.17-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min Q259.17/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = Q259.17 1136 H302 QH0692.42-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- QH0692.42/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 cl-min chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = QH0692.42 1137 H303 SF162.LS-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- SF162.LS/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 cl-min chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = SF162.LS 1138 H304 551196.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- 551196.01/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 cl-min chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = SS1196.01 1139 H305 T266-60-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min T266-60/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = T266-60 1140 H306 T280-5-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min T280-5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = T280-5 1141 H307 UG024.2-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min UG024.2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = UG024.2 1142 H308 ZM215.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl-min ZM215.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1114 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = ZM215.8 1143 H309 231965.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 231965.c1/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Res. Set Chimeric gp140 with chimera 201C/433C C (Res. 49; 133; 134; gp41ecto/gp120-NC “platform” 149; 150; 151; 152; 164; and Res. Set C from BG505, and 169; 188; 190; 211; 223; heterologous gp120 252; 281; 293; 308; 316; 336; 340; 352; 360; 362; 363; 369; 372; 393; 410; 432; 442; 444; 446; 474; 476) from BG505 (“BG505 Res. Set C”), remainder = ZM215.8 1144 H310 288.38-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 288.38/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Res. Set  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C C from BG505, remainder = 288.38 1145 H311 3415.v1.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 3415.v1.c1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = 3415.v1.c1 1146 H312 3817.v2.c59-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 3817.v2.c59/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = 3817.v2.c59 1147 H313 57128.vrc15-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 57128.vrc15/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1143 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = 57128.vrc15 1148 H314 6535.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 6535.3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = 6535.3 1149 H315 89.6.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 89.6.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = 89.6.DG 1150 H316 A03349M1.vrc4a-chim_d7324.201C- A03349M1.vrc4a/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 433C.mi-cl1 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = A03349M1.vrc4a 1151 H317 Bal.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 Bal.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = Bal.01 1152 H318 BaL.26-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 BaL.26/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = BaL.26 1153 H319 BG1168.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 BG1168.01/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = BG1168.01 1154 H320 BR07.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 BR07.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = BR07.DG 1155 H321 CNE10-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 CNE10/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = CNE10 1156 H322 CNE30-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 CNE30/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = CNE30 1157 H323 CNE4-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 CNE4/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = CNE4 1158 H324 JRCSF.JB-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 JRCSF.JB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = JRCSF.JB 1159 H325 JRFL.JB-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 JRFL.JB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = JRFL.JB 1160 H326 MB539.2137-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 MB539.2137/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = MB539.267 1161 H327 MN.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 MN.3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = MN.3 1162 H328 NKU3006.ec1-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 NKU3006.ec1/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = NKU3006.ec1 1163 H329 PVO.04-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 PVO.04/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = PVO.04 1164 H330 Q259.17-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 Q259.17/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = Q259.17 1165 H331 QH0692.42-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 QH0692.42/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = QH0692.42 1166 H332 SF162.LS-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 SF162.LS/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = SF162.LS 1167 H333 SS1196.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 SS1196.01/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = SS1196.01 1168 H334 T266-60-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 T266-60/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = T266-60 1169 H335 T280-5-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 T280-5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = T280-5 1170 H336 UG024.2-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 UG024.2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = UG024.2 1171 H337 ZM215.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1 ZM215.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1143 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set C, remainder = ZM215.8 1172 H338 231965.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-c11-2 231965.c1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, Res. Set Chimeric gp140 with chimera 201C/433C C, + Res. Set D (46; 60; gp41ecto/gp120-NC “platform” 62; 63; 84; 85; 87; 99; and Res. Sets C and D from 102; 130; 132; 135; 153; BG505, and heterologous gp120 158; 160; 161; 165; 166; 167; 171; 172; 173; 175; 177; 178; 181; 184; 185; 189; 202; 232; 234; 236; 240; 268; 269; 270; 271; 275; 277; 287; 289; 292; 295; 297; 305; 315; 317; 319; 322; 328; 330; 332; 333; 334; 335; 337; 339; 343; 344; 345; 346; 347; 350; 351; 357; 371; 375; 379; 387; 389; 394; 411; 412; 413; 415; 424; 426; 429; 440; 460; 461; 465; 475; 477) from BG505 (“BG505 Res. Set D”), remainder = 231965.c1 1173 H339 288.38-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 288.38/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C +D, remainder = 288.38 1174 H340 3415.v1.c1-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- 3415.v1.c1/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 cl1-2 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = 3415.v1.c1 1175 H341 3817.v2.c59-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- 3817.v2.c59/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1172 cl1-2 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = 3817.v2.c59 1176 H342 57128.vrc15-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- 57128.vrc15/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 cl1-2 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = 57128.vrc15 1177 H343 6535.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 6535.3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = 6535.3 1178 H344 89.6.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 89.6.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = 89.6.DG 1179 H345 A03349M1.vrc4a-chim_d7324.201C- A03349M1.vrc4a/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1172 433C.mi-c11-2 BG505  chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = A03349M1.vrc4a 1180 H346 Bal.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 Bal.01/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = Bal.01 1181 H347 BaL.26-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 BaL.26/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = BaL.26 1182 H348 BG1168.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 BG1168.01/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = BG1168.01 1183 H349 BRO7.DG-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 BRO7.DG/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = BRO7.DG 1184 H350 CNE10-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 CNE10/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = CNE10 1185 H351 CNE30-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 CNE30/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = CNE30 1186 H352 CNE4-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 CNE4/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = CNE4 1187 H353 JRCSF.JB-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 JRCSF.JB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = JRCSF.JB 1188 H354 JRFL.JB-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 JRFLIB/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = JRFL.JB 1189 H355 MB539.2137-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- MB539.2137/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 cl1-2 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = MB539.267 1190 H356 MN.3-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 MN.3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = MN.3 1191 H357 NKU3006.ec1-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- NKU3006.ec1/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 cl1-2 BG505 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = NKU3006.ec1 1192 H358 PVO.04-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 PVO.04/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = PVO.04 1193 H359 Q259.17-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 Q259.17/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = Q259.17 1194 H360 QH0692.42-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- QH0692.42/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 cl1-2 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = QH0692.42 1195 H361 SF162.LS-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 SF162.LS/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = SF162.LS 1196 H362 SS1196.01-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi- SS1196.01/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 cl1-2 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = SS1196.01 1197 H363 T266-60-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 T266-60/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = T266-60 1198 H364 T280-5-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 T280-5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = T280-5 1199 H365 UG024.2-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 UG024.2/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = UG024.2 1200 H366 ZM215.8-chim_d7324.201C-433C.mi-cl1-2 ZM215.8/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1172 chimera 201C/433C Res. Sets C + D, remainder = ZM215.8 1201 H367 0921.V2.C14-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr 0921.V2.C14/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 0921.V2.C14, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1202 H368 16055-2.3-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr 16055-2.3/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 16055-2.3, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1203 H369 286.36-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr 286.36/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 286.36, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1204 H370 620345.c1-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr 620345.cl/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 620345.c1, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1205 H371 6545.V4.C1-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr 6545.V4.C1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = 6545.V4.C1, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1206 H372 AC10.29-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr AC10.29/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = AC10.29, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1207 H373 B1369.9A-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr B1369.9A/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = B1369.9A, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1208 H374 C1080.c3-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr C1080.c3/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = C1080.c3, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1209 H375 C4118.09-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr C4118.09/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = C4118.09, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1210 H376 CAP45.G3-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr CAP45.G3/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CAP45.G3, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1211 H377 CH038.12-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr CH038.12/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CH038.12, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1212 H378 CH117.4-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr CH117.4/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = CH117.4, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1213 H379 MB201.A1-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr MB201.A1/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = MB201.A1, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1214 H380 MW965.26-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr MW965.26/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = MW965.26, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1215 H381 QH209.14M.A2-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr QH209.14M.A2/ SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140  Same as Seq_1099 BG505 chimera 201C/433C remainder = QH209.14M.A2, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1216 H382 TH966.8-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr TH966.8/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = TH966.8, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1217 H383 ZM106.9-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr ZM106.9/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM106.9, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1218 H384 ZM55.28a-chim_201C-433C_5ln-ferr ZM55.28a/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, gp140 Same as Seq_1099 chimera 201C/433C remainder = ZM55.28a, ferritin linked to gp41-C 1219 0 B1369.9A B1369.9A 1220 0 MB201.A1 MB201.A1 1221 0 QH209.14M.A2 QH209.14M.A2 1222 0 0921.V2.C14 0921.V2.C14 1223 0 16055-2.3 16055-2.3 1224 0 25925-2.22 25925-2.22 1225 0 286.36 286.36 1226 0 CAP45.G3 CAP45.G3 1227 0 CNE58 CNE58 1228 0 DU156.12 DU156.12 1229 0 DU422.01 DU422.01 1230 0 MW965.26 MW965.26 1231 0 ZM53.12 ZM53.12 1232 0 ZM55.28a ZM55.28a 1233 0 ZM106.9 ZM106.9 1234 0 3301.V1.C24 3301.V1.C24 1235 0 6545.V4.C1 6545.V4.C1 1236 0 620345.c1 620345.c1 1237 0 C1080.c3 C1080.c3 1238 0 C4118.09 C4118.09 1239 0 CNE55 CNE55 1240 0 TH966.8 TH966.8 1241 0 AC10.29 AC10.29 1242 0 CH038.12 CH038.12 1243 0 CH117.4 CH117.4 1244 A347 *CH505, BG505 chimera, CH505/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I201C/A433C SOSIP.R6.664_I201C/A433C chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEMVLKNVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDVISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNATASNSSIIEGMKNCSFNITTELRDKR EKKNALFYKLDIVQLDGNSSQYRLINCNTSVCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFTGTGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEGEIIIRSENITNNVKTIIVHLNESVKIECTRP NNKTRTSIRIGPGQAFYATGQVIGDIREAYCNINESKWNETLQRVSKKLKEYFPHKNITFQPSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSSLFNRTYMANSTDMANSTETNSTRTITIHCRIKQIINMWQEVG RCMYAPPIAGNITCISNITGLLLTRDGGKNNTETFRPGGGNMKDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEA QQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1245 A348 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N, V134F/L175M/I322M/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134F/L175M/I322M/I326M I201C/A433C 1246 A349 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V134F/I322Y/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134F/I322Y/I326M 1247 A350 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V134I/L175W/I322F/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134I/L175W/I322F/I326M 1248 A351 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V134F/N136W/M150H/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134F/N136W/M150H/I326M 1249 A352 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V134F/N136W/M150F/I326L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134F/N136W/M150F/I326L 1250 A353 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V1341/N136W/M150F/I326L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134I/N136W/M150F/I326L 1251 A354 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V134F/N136F/M150L/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134F/N136F/M150L/I326M 1252 A355 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L154M/N300M/N302M/T320L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core L154M/N300M/N302M/T320L 1253 A356 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L154F/N300L/N302M/T320L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core L154F/N300L/N302M/T320L 1254 A357 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L154W/N300L/N302G/T320F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core L154W/N300L/N302G/T320F 1255 A358 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120F/Q203M/Y318M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V120F/Q203M/Y318M 1256 A359 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120I/Q203M/Y318W Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V120I/Q203M/Y318W 1257 A360 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120W/Q203M/Y318W Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V120W/Q203M/Y318W 1258 A361 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120F/Q315M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V120F/Q315M 1259 A362 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120W/Q315F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V120W/Q315F 1260 A363 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Y177W/I420M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Y177W/I420M 1261 A364 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Y177W/Q328F/I420M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Y177W/Q328F/I420M 1262 A365 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L116M/M426F/Q432M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core L116M/M426F/Q432M 1263 A366 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L116M/M426F/Q432W Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core L116M/M426F/Q432W 1264 A367 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 M426F/Q432L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core M426F/Q432L 1265 A368 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V134F/L175M/I322M/I326M/ Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134F/L175M/I322M/I326M/N136W/M150H N136W/M150H 1266 A369 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V134I/L175W/I322F/I326L/ Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V134I/L175W/I322F/I326L/N136W/M150F N136W/M150F 1267 A370 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120F/Q203M/Y318M/Q315M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V120F/Q203M/Y318M/Q315M 1268 A371 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120W/Q203M/Y318W/Q315F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core V120W/Q203M/Y318W/Q315F 1269 A372 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L154M/N300M/N302M/T320L/ Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core L154M/N300M/N302M/T320L/Y177W/I420M Y177W/I420M 1270 A373 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L154W/N300L/N302G/T320F/ Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core L154W/N300L/N302G/T320F/Y177W/Q328F/ Y177W/Q328F/I420M I420M 1271 A374 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 E153F Cavity Filling E153F 1272 A375 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 E153W Cavity Filling E153W 1273 A376 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L154F Cavity Filling L154F 1274 A377 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L154W Cavity Filling L154W 1275 A378 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 E164F Cavity Filling E164F 1276 A379 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 E164W Cavity Filling E164W 1277 A380 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V172F Cavity Filling V172F 1278 A381 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V172W Cavity Filling V172W 1279 A382 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L175F Cavity Filling L175F 1280 A383 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 F176W Cavity Filling F176W 1281 A384 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L179F Cavity Filling L179F 1282 A385 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L179W Cavity Filling L179W 1283 A386 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Y191F Cavity Filling Y191F 1284 A387 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Y191W Cavity Filling Y191W 1285 A388 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L193F Cavity Filling L193F 1286 A389 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L193W Cavity Filling L193W 1287 A390 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I194W Cavity Filling I194W 1288 A391 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 T198F Cavity Filling T198F 1289 A392 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 T198W Cavity Filling T198W 1290 A393 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 T202F Cavity Filling T202F 1291 A394 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 T202W Cavity Filling T202W 1292 A395 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A204F Cavity Filling A204F 1293 A396 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A204W Cavity Filling A204W 1294 A397 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 N302F Cavity Filling N302F 1295 A398 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 N302W Cavity Filling N302W 1296 A399 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 R304F Cavity Filling R304F 1297 A400 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 R304W Cavity Filling R304W 1298 A401 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I307F Cavity Filling I307F 1299 A402 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I307W Cavity Filling I307W 1300 A403 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Q315F Cavity Filling Q315F 1301 A404 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Q315W Cavity Filling Q315W 1302 A405 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I423F Cavity Filling I423F 1303 A406 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I430F Cavity Filling I430F 1304 A407 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I430W Cavity Filling I430W 1305 A408 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Q432F Cavity Filling Q432F 1306 A409 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Q432W Cavity Filling Q432W 1307 A410 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A436M Cavity Filling A436M 1308 A411 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A436F Cavity Filling A436F 1309 A412 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A436W Cavity Filling A436W 1310 A413 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L125W/I194W Cavity Filling L125W/I194W 1311 A414 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 T139W/D1401/G324I/D325W Cavity Filling T139W/D140I/G324I/D325W 1312 A415 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 F210A Destabilization of CD4-induced F210A conformation 1313 A416 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 F2105 Destabilization of CD4-induced F2105 conformation 1314 A417 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Q432P Destabilization of CD4-induced Q432P conformation 1315 A418 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 T538C/Q652C Disulfide T538C/Q652C 1316 A419 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 R304C/Q440C Disulfide R304C/Q440C 1317 A420 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 F159Y Cavity Filling F159Y 1318 A421 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I323Y Cavity Filling I323Y 1319 A422 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 F159Y/I323Y Cavity Filling F159Y/I323Y 1320 A423 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 F223W Cavity Filling F223W 1321 A424 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V580L Cavity Filling V580L 1322 A425 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V583L Cavity Filling V583L 1323 A426 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V580L/V583L Cavity Filling V580L/V583L 1324 A427 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 W69P helix 0 disruption W69P 1325 A428 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V68P helix 0 disruption V68P 1326 A429 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 T71P helix 0 disruption T71P 1327 A430 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V75W Cavity Filling V75W 1328 A431 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V75F Cavity Filling V75F 1329 A432 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V75M Cavity Filling V75M 1330 A433 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V208W Cavity Filling V208W 1331 A434 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V208F Cavity Filling V208F 1332 A435 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A58C/T77C Disulfide A58C/T77C 1333 A436 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 D57C/T77C Disulfide D57C/T77C 1334 A437 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 N67P helix 0 disruption N67P 1335 A438 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 H66P helix 0 disruption H66P 1336 A439 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 N67P/H66P helix 0 disruption N67P/H66P 1337 A440 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 W112I Cavity Filling W112I 1338 A441 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 W112M Cavity Filling W112M 1339 A442 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 W427I Cavity Filling W427I 1340 A443 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 W427M Cavity Filling W427M 1341 A444 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 R429N Destabilization of CD4 binding R429N site 1342 A445 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 R429L Destabilization of CD4 binding R429L site 1343 A446 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 R429L/W427M Destabilization of CD4 binding R429L/W427M site 1344 A447 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 G431GC/S199C Disulfide G431GC/S199C 1345 A448 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120W Cavity Filling V120W 1346 A449 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A316W Cavity Filling A316W 1347 A450 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I309W Cavity Filling I309W 1348 A451 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 S115W Cavity Filling S115W 1349 A452 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 P118W Cavity Filling P118W 1350 A453 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A70Y Cavity Filling A70Y 1351 A454 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 A70F Cavity Filling A70F 1352 A455 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L111Y Cavity Filling L111Y 1353 A456 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L111F Cavity Filling L111F 1354 A457 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 T202P disrupt bridging sheet/ T202P destabilizing CD4 bound state 1355 A458 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 V120T disrupt bridging sheet/ V120T destabilizing CD4 bound state 1356 A459 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I573T destabilize gp41 helix bundle I573T 1357 A460 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 G594N destabilize gp41 helix bundle G594N 1358 A461 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I573T/G594N destabilize gp41 helix bundle I573T/G594N 1359 A462 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I573T/G594N/K574E destabilize gp41 helix bundle I573T/G594N/K574E 1360 A463 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 I573T/G594N/K574T destabilize gp41 helix bundle I573T/G594N/K574T 1361 A464 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 K117W Cavity Filling K117W 1362 A465 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 SHOW Cavity Filling S110W 1363 A466 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L544Y Cavity Filling L544Y 1364 A467 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L544Y/L537Y Cavity Filling L544Y/L537Y 1365 A468 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L544Y/F223W Cavity Filling L544Y/F223W 1366 A469 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 L544Y/L537Y/F223W Cavity Filling L544Y/L537Y/F223W 1367 A470 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C/ BG505 Same as Seq_1245 Delta P206 proline removal. Removal of Delta_P206 ground state destabilization/ flexibility 1368 A471 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I194W/T198M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I194W/T198M/N425F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core N425F 1369 A472 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_T198M/N425F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N T198M/N425F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core 1370 A473 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I194W/T198Y/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I194W/T198Y/N425F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core N425F 1371 A474 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I194F/T198L/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N I194F/T198L/N425W Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core N425W 1372 A475 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134F/L175M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134F/L175M/I322M/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core I322M/I326M 1373 A476 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134F/I322Y/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134F/I322Y/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core I326M 1374 A477 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134I/L175W/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134I/L175W/I322F/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core I322F/I326M 1375 A478 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134F/N136W/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134F/N136W/M150H/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core M150H/I326M 1376 A479 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134F/N136W/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134F/N136W/M150F/I326L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core M150F/I326L 1377 A480 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134I/N136W/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134I/N136W/M150F/I326L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core M150F/I326L 1378 A481 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134F/N136F/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134F/N136F/M150L/I326M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core M150L/I326M 1379 A482 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L154M/N300M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L154M/N300M/N302M/T320L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core N302M/T320L 1380 A483 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L154F/N300L/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L154F/N300L/N302M/T320L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core N302M/T320L 1381 A484 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L154W/N300L/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L154W/N300L/N302G/T320F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core N302G/T320F 1382 A485 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120F/Q203M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120F/Q203M/Y318M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Y318M 1383 A486 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120I/Q203M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120I/Q203M/Y318W Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Y318W 1384 A487 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120W/Q203M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120W/Q203M/Y318W Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Y318W 1385 A488 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120F/Q315M BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120F/Q315M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core 1386 A489 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120W/Q315F BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120W/Q315F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core 1387 A490 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y177W/1420M BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y177W/1420M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core 1388 A491 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_Y177W/Q328F/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N Y177W/Q328F/I420M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core I420M 1389 A492 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L116M/M426F/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L116M/M426F/Q432M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Q432M 1390 A493 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L116M/M426F/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L116M/M426F/Q432W Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Q432W 1391 A494 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_M426F/Q432L BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N M426F/Q432L Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core 1392 A495 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134F/L175M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134F/L175M/I322M/I326M/ Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core I322M/I326M/N136W/M150H N136W/M150H 1393 A496 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V134I/L175W/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V134I/L175W/I322F/I326L/ Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core I322F/I326L/N136W/M150F N136W/M150F 1394 A497 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120F/Q203M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120F/Q203M/Y318M/Q315M Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Y318M/Q315M 1395 A498 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_V120W/Q203M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N V120W/Q203M/Y318W/Q315F Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core Y318W/Q315F 1396 A499 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L154M/N300M/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L154M/N300M/N302M/T320L/ Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core N302M/T320L/Y177W/I420M Y177W/I420M 1397 A500 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_L154W/N300L/ BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664, T332N L154W/N300L/N302G/T320F/ Cavity Filling/Hydrophobic core N302G/T320F/Y177W/Q328F/I420M Y177W/Q328F/I420M 1398 A501 703010505.TF.sosip_d7324, R6, 664, 703010505.TF SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C I201C/A433C 1399 A502 703010505.TF.sosip_d7324_tad, R6, 664, 703010505.TF SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C trimer association domain I201C/A433C/E47D/K49E/V65K/E106T/E429R/ mutations R432Q/E500R 1400 A503 286.36.sosip_d7324 286.36 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1401 A504 288.38.sosip_d7324 288.38 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1402 A505 3988.25.sosip_d7324 3988.25 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1403 A506 5768.04.sosip_d7324 5768.04 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1404 A507 6101.1.sosip_d7324 6101.1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1405 A508 6535.3.sosip_d7324 6535.3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1406 A509 7165.18.sosip_d7324 7165.18 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1407 A510 00130952.11.sosip_d7324 130952.11 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1408 A511 0014282.42.sosip_d7324 14282.42 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1409 A512 0077_V1.C16.sosip_d7324 0077_V1.C16 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1410 A513 008362.5.sosip_d7324 8362.5 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1411 A514 0260.v5.c36.sosip_d7324 0260.v5.c36 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1412 A515 0330.v4.c3.sosip_d7324 0330.v4.c3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1413 A516 0439.v5.c1.sosip_d7324 0439.v5.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1414 A517 0815.V3.C3.sosip_d7324 0815.V3.C3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1415 A518 0921.V2.C14.sosip_d7324 0921.V2.C14 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1416 A519 160552.3.sosip_d7324 160552.3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1417 A520 168452.22.sosip_d7324 168452.22 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1418 A521 169362.21.sosip_d7324 169362.21 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1419 A522 231965.c1.sosip_d7324 231965.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1420 A523 23547.sosip_d7324 23547 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1421 A524 24214.sosip_d7324 24214 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1422 A525 24723.sosip_d7324 24723 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1423 A526 257102.43.sosip_d7324 257102.43 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1424 A527 257112.4.sosip_d7324 257112.4 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1425 A528 259252.22.sosip_d7324 259252.22 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1426 A529 261912.48.sosip_d7324 261912.48 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1427 A530 2638.sosip_d7324 2638 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1428 A531 26912.sosip_d7324 26912 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1429 A532 27111.sosip_d7324 27111 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1430 A533 3016.v5.c45.sosip_d7324 3016.v5.c45 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1431 A534 3168.V4.C10.sosip_d7324 3168.V4.C10 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1432 A535 3301.V1.C24.sosip_d7324 3301.V1.C24 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1433 A536 3326.V4.C3.sosip_d7324 3326.V4.C3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1434 A537 3337.V2.C6.sosip_d7324 3337.V2.C6 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1435 A538 3365.v2.c20.sosip_d7324 3365.v2.c20 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1436 A539 3415.v1.c1.sosip_d7324 3415.v1.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1437 A540 3468.V1.C12.sosip_d7324 3468.V1.C12 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1438 A541 3589.V1.C4.sosip_d7324 3589.V1.C4 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1439 A542 3637.V5.C3.sosip_d7324 3637.V5.C3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1440 A543 3718.v3.c11.sosip_d7324 3718.v3.c11 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1441 A544 3817.v2.c59.sosip_d7324 3817.v2.c59 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1442 A545 3873.V1.C24.sosip_d7324 3873.V1.C24 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1443 A546 398F1_F6_20.sosip_d7324 398F1_F6_20 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1444 A547 57128.vrc15.sosip_d7324 57128.vrc15 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1445 A548 6095.V1.C10.sosip_d7324 6095.V1.C10 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1446 A549 620345.c1.sosip_d7324 620345.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1447 A550 6322.V4.C1.sosip_d7324 6322.V4.C1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1448 A551 6405.v4.c34.sosip_d7324 6405.v4.c34 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1449 A552 6471.V1.C16.sosip_d7324 6471.V1.C16 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1450 A553 6540.v4.c1.sosip_d7324 6540.v4.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1451 A554 6545.V3.C13.sosip_d7324 6545.V3.C13 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1452 A555 6545.V4.C1.sosip_d7324 6545.V4.C1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1453 A556 6631.V3.C10.sosip_d7324 6631.V3.C10 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1454 A557 6644.V2.C33.sosip_d7324 6644.V2.C33 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1455 A558 6785.V5.C14.sosip_d7324 6785.V5.C14 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1456 A559 6838.V1.C35.sosip_d7324 6838.V1.C35 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1457 A560 89.6.DG.sosip_d7324 89.6.DG SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1458 A561 92828.sosip_d7324 92828 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1459 A562 96ZM651.02.sosip_d7324 96ZM651.02 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1460 A563 A03349M1.vrc4a.sosip_d7324 A03349M1.vrc4a SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1461 A564 AC10.29.sosip_d7324 AC10.29 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1462 A565 ADA.DG.sosip_d7324 ADA.DG SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1463 A566 Bal.01.sosip_d7324 Bal.01 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1464 A567 BaL.26.sosip_d7324 BaL.26 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1465 A568 BB201.1342.sosip_d7324 BB201.B42 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1466 A569 BB539.21313.sosip_d7324 B13539.21313 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1467 A570 BG1168.01.sosip_d7324 BG1168.01 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1468 A571 B1369.9A.sosip_d7324 B1369.9A SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1469 A572 BL01.DG.sosip_d7324 BL01.DG SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1470 A573 BR025.9.sosip_d7324 BR025.9 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1471 A574 BR07.DG.sosip_d7324 BR07.DG SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1472 A575 BS208.131.sosip_d7324 BS208.81 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1473 A576 BX08.16.sosip_d7324 BX08.16 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1474 A577 C1080.c3.sosip_d7324 C1080.c3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1475 A578 C2101.c1.sosip_d7324 C2101.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1476 A579 C3347.c11.sosip_d7324 C3347.c11 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1477 A580 C4118.09.sosip_d7324 C4118.09 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1478 A581 CAAN.A2.sosip_d7324 CAAN.A2 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1479 A582 CAP210.E8.sosip_d7324 CAP210.E8 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1480 A583 CAP244.D3.sosip_d7324 CAP244.D3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1481 A584 CAP45.G3.sosip_d7324 CAP45.G3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1482 A585 CH038.12.sosip_d7324 CH038.12 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1483 A586 CH070.1.sosip_d7324 CH070.1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1484 A587 CH117.4.sosip_d7324 CH117.4 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1485 A588 CH181.12.sosip_d7324 CH181.12 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1486 A589 CNE10.sosip_d7324 CNE10 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1487 A590 CNE12.sosip_d7324 CNE12 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1488 A591 CNE14.sosip_d7324 CNE14 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1489 A592 CNE15.sosip_d7324 CNE15 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1490 A593 CNE3.sosip_d7324 CNE3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1491 A594 CNE30.sosip_d7324 CNE30 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1492 A595 CNE31.sosip_d7324 CNE31 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1493 A596 CNE4.sosip_d7324 CNE4 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1494 A597 CNE40.sosip_d7324 CNE40 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1495 A598 CNE5.sosip_d7324 CNE5 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1496 A599 CNE53.sosip_d7324 CNE53 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1497 A600 CNE55.sosip_d7324 CNE55 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1498 A601 CNE56.sosip_d7324 CNE56 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1499 A602 CNE57.sosip_d7324 CNE57 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1500 A603 CNE58.sosip_d7324 CNE58 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1501 A604 CNE59.sosip_d7324 CNE59 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1502 A605 CNE7.sosip_d7324 CNE7 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1503 A606 DJ263.8.sosip_d7324 DJ263.8 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1504 A607 DU123.06.sosip_d7324 DU123.06 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1505 A608 DU151.02.sosip_d7324 DU151.02 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1506 A609 DU156.12.sosip_d7324 DU156.12 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1507 A610 DU172.17.sosip_d7324 DU172.17 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1508 A611 DU422.01.sosip_d7324 DU422.01 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1509 A612 HO86.8.sosip_d7324 HO86.8 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1510 A613 HT593.1.sosip_d7324 HT593.1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1511 A614 JRCSF.JB.sosip_d7324 JRCSF.JB SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1512 A615 JRFL.JB.sosip_d7324 JRFL.JB SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1513 A616 KER2008.12.sosip_d7324 KER2008.12 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1514 A617 KER2018.11.sosip_d7324 KER2018.11 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1515 A618 KNH1209.18.sosip_d7324 KNH1209.18 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1516 A619 M02138.sosip_d7324 M02138 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1517 A620 MB201.A1.sosip_d7324 MB201.A1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1518 A621 MB539.2137.sosip_d7324 MB539.287 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1519 A622 MI369.A5.sosip_d7324 MI369.A5 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1520 A623 MN.3.sosip_d7324 MN.3 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1521 A624 MS208.A1.sosip_d7324 MS208.A1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1522 A625 MW965.26.sosip_d7324 MW965.26 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1523 A626 NKU3006.ec1.sosip_d7324 NKU3006.ec1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1524 A627 PVO.04.sosip_d7324 PVO.04 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1525 A628 Q168.a2.sosip_d7324 Q168.a2 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1526 A629 Q23.17.sosip_d7324 Q23.17 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1527 A630 Q259.17.sosip_d7324 Q259.17 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1528 A631 Q461.e2.sosip_d7324 Q461.e2 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1529 A632 Q769.d22.sosip_d7324 Q769.d22 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1530 A633 Q769.h5.sosip_d7324 Q769.h5 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1531 A634 Q842.d12.sosip_d7324 Q842.d12 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1532 A635 QH0515.01.sosip_d7324 QH0515.01 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1533 A636 QH0692.42.sosip_d7324 QH0692.42 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1534 A637 QH209.14M.A2.sosip_d7324 QH209.14M.A2 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1535 A638 R1166.c1.sosip_d7324 R1166.c1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1536 A639 R2184.c4.sosip_d7324 R2184.c4 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1537 A640 R3265.c6.sosip_d7324 R3265.c6 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1538 A641 REJO.67.sosip_d7324 REJO.67 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1539 A642 RHPA.7.sosip_d7324 RHPA.7 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1540 A643 RW020.2.sosip_d7324 RW020.2 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1541 A644 SC422.8.sosip_d7324 SC422.8 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1542 A645 SF162.LS.sosip_d7324 SF162.LS SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1543 A646 SO18.18.sosip_d7324 SO18.18 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1544 A647 SS1196.01.sosip_d7324 SS1196.01 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1545 A648 T2504.sosip_d7324 T2504 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1546 A649 T25118.sosip_d7324 T25118 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1547 A650 T25311.sosip_d7324 T25311 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1548 A651 T25534.sosip_d7324 T25534 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1549 A652 T25731.sosip_d7324 T25731 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1550 A653 T26660.sosip_d7324 T26660 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1551 A654 T27850.sosip_d7324 T27850 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1552 A655 T2805.sosip_d7324 T2805 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1553 A656 T337.sosip_d7324 T337 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1554 A657 TH966.8.sosip_d7324 TH966.8 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1555 A658 TH976.17.sosip_d7324 TH976.17 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1556 A659 THRO.18.sosip_d7324 THRO.18 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1557 A660 TRJO.58.sosip_d7324 TRJO.58 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1558 A661 TRO.11.sosip_d7324 TRO.11 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1559 A662 TV1.29.sosip_d7324 TV1.29 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1560 A663 TZA125.17.sosip_d7324 TZA125.17 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1561 A664 TZBD.02.sosip_d7324 TZBD.02 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1562 A665 UG021.16.sosip_d7324 UG021.16 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1563 A666 UG024.2.sosip_d7324 UG024.2 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1564 A667 UG037.8.sosip_d7324 UG037.8 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1565 A668 WITO.33.sosip_d7324 WITO.33 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1566 A669 X2088.c9.sosip_d7324 X2088.c9 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1567 A670 YU2.DG.sosip_d7324 YU2.DG SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1568 A671 ZA012.29.sosip_d7324 ZA012.29 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1569 A672 ZM106.9.sosip_d7324 ZM106.9 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1570 A673 ZM109.4.sosip_d7324 ZM109.4 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1571 A674 ZM135.10a.sosip_d7324 ZM135.10a SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1572 A675 ZM176.66.sosip_d7324 ZM176.66 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1573 A676 ZM197.7.sosip_d7324 ZM197.7 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1574 A677 ZM214.15.sosip_d7324 ZM214.15 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1575 A678 ZM215.8.sosip_d7324 ZM215.8 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1576 A679 ZM233.6.sosip_d7324 ZM233.6 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1577 A680 ZM249.1.sosip_d7324 ZM249.1 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1578 A681 ZM53.12.sosip_d7324 ZM53.12 SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1579 A682 ZM55.28a.sosip_d7324 ZM55.28a SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 1580 A683 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C, stability gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, Y191W chimera Y191W 1581 A684 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,Y191W JRFLgp140/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, Y191W stability chimera 1582 A685 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C, VRC26 binding gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, R315Q chimera R315Q 1583 A686 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C,  VRC26 binding gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, 161-170SU chimera residues 161-170 from CAP256 SU strain 1584 A687 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C,  VRC26 binding gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, 161-170SU, chimera residues 161-170 from R313Q CAP256 SU strain, R313Q 1585 A688 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,R315Q JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,R315Q VRC26 binding chimera 1586 A689 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,161-170, JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,residues 161-170 VRC26 binding SUstrandC  chimera from CAP256 SU strain 1587 A690 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,161-1705U, JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,residues 161-170 VRC26 binding R313Q chimera from CAP256 SU strain, R313Q 1588 A691 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C,  Interprotomer DS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, T128C, D167C chimera T128C, D167C 1589 A692 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C, Interprotomer DS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, V127C, D167C chimera V127C, D167C 1590 A693 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,T128C,  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,T128C, D167C Interprotomer DS D167C chimera 1591 A694 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,V127C,  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,V127C, D167C Interprotomer DS D167C chimera 1592 A695 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C,  Interprotomer DS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, I165C, C196S chimera I165C, C196S 1593 A696 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C,  Interprotomer DS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, I165C, C196F chimera I165C, C196F 1594 A697 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C,  Interprotomer DS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, I165C, C196L chimera I165C, C196L 1595 A698 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,I165C,  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I165C, C196S Interprotomer DS C196S chimera 1596 A699 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,I165C,  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I165C, C196F Interprotomer DS C196F chimera 1597 A700 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,I165C,  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I165C, C196L Interprotomer DS C196L chimera 1598 A701 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C, DDS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, R304C/R440C chimera R304C/R440C 1599 A702 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C, DDS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, A174C/T319C chimera A174C/T319C 1600 A703 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C, DDS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, S164C/H308C chimera S164C/H308C 1601 A704 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C,  Interprotomer DS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, S110C/L556C chimera S110C/L556C 1602 A705 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,S110C/ JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,S110C/L556C Interprotomer DS L556C chimera 1603 A706 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C-A433C,  Interprotomer DS gp41 chim, I201C-A433C, A558C/D113C chimera A558C/D113C 1604 A707 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,A558C/ JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,A558C/D113C Interprotomer DS D113C chimera 1605 A708 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,E561W JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,E561W Cav chimera 1606 A709 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,E561F JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,E561F Cav chimera 1607 A710 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,E561W/ JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,E561W/K121F Cav K121F chimera 1608 A711 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,E561F/ JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,E561F/K121F Cav K121F chimera 1609 A712 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,E561W/ JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,E561W/K121W Cav K121W chimera 1610 A713 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K,E561F/ JRFLgp140/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,E561F/K121W Cav K121W chimera 1611 A714 BG505gp140.6R.SOSIP.664.T332N.D7325 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 T332N.D7325 Q315C Q315C 1612 A715 BG505gp140.6R.SOSIP.664.T332N.D7324 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664 T332N.D7324 V120C V120C 1613 A716 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_Q315C JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_Q315C 1614 A717 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_V120C JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_V120C 1615 A718 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K 1616 A719 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_I201C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_I201C/A433C DS A433C 1617 A720 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_A433P JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_A433P stability 1618 A721 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_Q432P JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_Q432P stability 1619 A722 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_S174C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_S174C/A319C A319C 1620 A723 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_N195C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_N195C/A433C A433C 1621 A724 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_S199C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_S199C/A433C A433C 1622 A725 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_R304C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_R304C/Q440C Q440C 1623 A726 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_F223W JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_F223W Cav 1624 A727 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_G473Y JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_G473Y Cav 1625 A728 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_G431P JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_G431P stability 1626 A729 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_N425C_ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_N425C_A433C A433C 1627 A730 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_V120C_ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_V120C_Q315C Q315C 1628 A731 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_Q203C_ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_Q203C_L122C L122C 1629 A732 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_I201C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_I201C/A433C/ A433C/R304C/Q440C R304C/Q440C 1630 A733 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_R304C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_R304C/R440C R440C 1631 A734 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_Q203C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_Q203C/F317C F317C 1632 A735 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_L122C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_L122C/F317C F317C 1633 A736 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_P437C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_P437C/Y318C Y318C 1634 A737 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_E172C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_E172C/I307C I307C 1635 A738 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_P206C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_P206C/Y318C Y318C 1636 A739 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_A174C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_A174C/T319C T319C 1637 A740 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_S164C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_S164C/H308C H308C 1638 A741 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_T320C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_T320C/L175C L175C 1639 A742 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K_T320C/ JRFL SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K_T320C/P438C P438C 1640 A743 JRFLgp140.6R.SOS.664.E168K JRFL 6R.SOS.664 E168K stability 1641 A744 JRFLgp140.6R.IP.664.E168K JRFL 6R.IP.664 E168K stability 1642 A745 JRFLgp140.6R.664.E168K JRFL 6R.664 E168K stability 1643 B192 *703010505.TF-chim-sc d7324, R6, 664, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, sc15ln, 664 I201C/A433C I201C/A433C BG505 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEMVLKNVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDVISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNATASNSSIIEGMKNCSFNITTELRDKR EKKNALFYKLDIVQLDGNSSQYRLINCNTSVITQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFTGTGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEGEIIIRSENITNNVKTIIVHLNESVKIECTRP NNKTRTSIRIGPGQAFYATGQVIGDIREAYCNINESKWNETLQRVSKKLKEYFPHKNITFQPSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSSLFNRTYMANSTDMANSTETNSTRTITIHCRIKQIINMWQEVG RAMYAPPIAGNITCISNITGLLLTRDGGKNNTETFRPGGGNMKDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGggsggggsggggsggAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQ SNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1644 B193 703010505.TF-chim-sc_d7324_tad, sc15ln, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, sc15ln, 664 I201C/A433C/E47D/K49E/ single chain 15 amino acid  664, I201C/A433C/E47D/K49E/V65K/E106T/ BG505 chimera V65K/E106T/E429R/R432Q/ linker, trimer association  E429R/R432Q/E500R E500R domain mutations 1645 B194 bg505.sosip_c15ln.DS_gly3 BG505 SOSIP; 664, 201C, 433C 508(REKR)511 replaced by Increase CD4-binding site linker of length 15, accessibility by removing 278A, 365A, 464A glycans around it 1646 B195 bg505.sosip_c15ln.DS_gly4 BG505 SOSIP; 664; 201C, 433C 508(REKR)511 replaced by Same as Seq_1645 linker of length 15,  S199A, 278A, 365A, 464A 1647 B196 bg505.sosip_c15ln.DS_gly5 BG505 SOSIP; 664; 201C, 433C 508(REKR)511 replaced by Same as Seq_1645 linker of length 15,  S199A, 278A, 365A, 388A, 464A 1648 B197 ZM55.28a-chim-sc_DS_gly3 ZM55/BG505  SOSIP; 664; 201C, 433C Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1645 chimera 508-511, BG505 Platform, BG505 Res. Set B, remainder = ZM55.28a, 278A, 463A, 467A 1649 B198 ZM55.28a-chim-sc_DS_gly4 ZM55/BG505  SOSIP; 664; 201C, 433C Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1645 chimera 508-511, BG505 Platform, BG505 Res. Set B, remainder = ZM55.28a, S199A, 278A, 463A, 467A 1650 B199 ZM55.28a-chim-sc_DS_gly5 ZM55/BG505  SOSIP; 664; 201C, 433C Seq_0534 linker between Same as Seq_1645 chimera 508-511,BG505 Platform, BG505 Res. Set B, remainder = ZM55.28a, S199A, 278A, 388A, 463A, 467A 1651 D011 BG505sosip_ig_I201C/A433C.STOP-gly3 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  278A, 365A, 464A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1652 D012 BG505sosip_ig_I201C/A433C.STOP-gly4 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  S199A, 278A, 365A, 464A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1653 D013 BG505sosip_ig_I201C/A433C.STOP-gly5 BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  S199A, 278A, 365A, 388A, Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 464A 1654 D014 CH505SOSIP_DS_degly3 CH505 SOSIP, R6, 664, 278A, 463A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1655 D015 CH505SOSIP_DS_degly4 CH505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  199A, 278A, 463A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1656 D016 CH505SOSIP_DS_degly5 CH505 SOSIP, R6, 664, 199A, 278A, 388A, 463A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1657 D017 ZM55.28a-chim_DS_gly3 ZM55/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C BG505 Res. Set B, remainder = ZM55.28a, 278A, 463A, 467A 1658 D018 ZM55.28a-chim_DS_gly4 ZM55/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C BG505 Res. Set B, remainder = ZM55.28a,  S199A, 278A, 463A, 467A 1659 D019 ZM55.28a-chim_DS_gly5 ZM55/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = ZM55.28a, S199A, 278A, 388A, 463A, 467A 1660 D020 ZM106.9.sosip_DS_gly3 Zm1096.9 SOSIP, R6, 664,  278A, 466A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1661 D021 ZM106.9.sosip_DS_gly4 Zm1096.9 SOSIP, R6, 664,  S199A, 278A, 466A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1662 D022 ZM106.9.sosip_DS_gly5 Zm1096.9 SOSIP, R6, 664,  S199A, 278A, 388A, 466A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1663 D023 CH038.12-chim_DS_gly3 CH038/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = CH038, 278A, 464A, 467A 1664 D024 CH038.12-chim_DS_gly4 CH038/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = CH038, 199A, 278A, 464A, 467A 1665 D025 CH038.12-chim_DS_gly5 CH038/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = CH038, 199A, 278A, 388A, 464A, 467A 1666 D026 ZM106.9-chim_DS_gly3 ZM106/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = ZM106.9, 278A, 466A 1667 D027 ZM106.9-chim_DS_gly4 ZM106/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = ZM106.9, S199A, 278A, 466A 1668 D028 ZM106.9-chim_DS_gly5 ZM106/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = ZM106.9, S199A, 278A, 388A, 466A 1669 D029 16055-2.3-chim_DS_gly3 10655/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 10655, 278A, 465A 1670 D030 16055-2.3-chim_DS_gly4 10655/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 10655, S199A, 278A, 465A 1671 D031 16055-2.3-chim_DS_gly5 10655/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505 Same as Seq_1645 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 10655, S199A, 278A, 388A, 465A 1672 D032 45_01dG5_bg505-NCgp120 + 45-01dG5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1645 gp41.SOSIP_DS_gly3 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 45_01dG5, 364A 1673 D033 45_01dG5_bg505-NCgp120 + 45-01dG5/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  BG505 Platform, BG505  Same as Seq_1645 gp41.SOSIP_DS_gly4 chimera 201C/433C Res. Set B, remainder = 45_01dG5, S199A, 364A 1674 D034 426c_degly3DS 426c SOSIP, R6, 664,  278A, 462A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1675 D035 426c_degly4DS 426c SOSIP, R6, 664,  S199A, 278A, 462A Same as Seq_1645 201C/433C 1676 H385 *426c-v1v2-WITO-degly4-S199A/I201C/ 426c/WITO- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, A433C/N276D/N460D/N463D/R504N/ V1v2/BG505 S199A/I201C/A433C/N276 glycan shielding at residues V506T/L661N/L663T chimera D/N460D/N463D/R504N/ 504, 661 V506T/L661N/L663T AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTATCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNK SVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAP PIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHL LKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1677 H386 *426c-v1v2-WITO-degly3-I201C/A433C/ 426c/WITO- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, N276D/N460D/N463D/R504N/V506T/ V1v2/BG505 I201C/A433C/N276D/ glycan shielding at residues L661N/L663T chimera N460D/N463D/R504N/ 504, 662 V506T/L661N/L663T AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNK SVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAPP IKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLL KLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1678 H387 *426c-v1v2-ZM233-degly4-S199A/I201C/ 426c/ZM233- SOSIP R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, A433C/N276D/N460D/N463D/R504N/ V1v2/BG505 S199A/I201C/A433C/ glycan shielding at residues V506T/L661N/L663T chimera N276D/N460D/N463D/ 504, 663 R504N/V506T/L661N/ L663T AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTATCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNKSVEIVCTR PNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAPPIKGNITC KSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGI KQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1679 H388 *426c-v1v2-ZM233-degly3-I201C/A433C/ 426c/ZM233- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera,   N276D/N460D/N463D/R504N/V506T/ V1v2/BG505 I201C/A433C/N276D/ glycan shielding at residues L661N/L663T chimera N460D/N463D/R504N/ 504, 664 V506T/L661N/L663T AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNKSVEIVCTR PNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAPPIKGNITC KSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGI KQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1680 H389 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-WITO- donor45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, I201C/A433C/R504N/V506T/L661N/L663T 01dG5/WITO- I201C/A433C/R504N/ glycan shielding at residues V1v2/BG505 V506T/L661N/L663T 504, 665 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQsSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQII NMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQ QSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1681 H390 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-WITO-01dG5chim- donor45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, degly3-I201C/5364A/A433C/R504N/V506T/ 01dG5/WITO- I201C/S364A/A433C/ glycan shielding at residues L661N/L663T V1v2/BG505 R504N/V506T/L661N/ 504, 666 chimera L663T AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQII NMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQ QSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1682 H391 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-WITO-01dG5chim- d0n0r45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, degly4-S199A/I201C/S364A/A433C/R504N/ 01dG5/WITO- S199A/I201C/S364A/ glycan shielding at residues V506T/L661N/L663T V1v2/BG505 A433C/R504N/V506T/ 504, 667 chimera L661N/L663T AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTaVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCINISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQI INMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQ QQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1683 H392 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-ZM233- d0n0r45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, I201C/A433C/R504N/V506T/L661N/L663T 01dG5/ZM233- I201C/A433C/R504N/ glycan shielding at residues V1v2/BG505 V506T/L661N/L663T 504, 668 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQsSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1684 H393 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-ZM233-degly3- donor45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, I201C/S364A/A433C/R504N/V506T/L661N/ 01dG5/ZM233- I201C/S364A/A433C/ glycan shielding at residues L663T V1v2/BG505 R504N/V506T/L661N/ 504, 669 chimera L663T AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1685 H394 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-ZM233-degly4- donor45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, S199A/201C/S364A/A433C/R504N/V506T/ 01dG5/ZM233- S199A/201C/S364A/A433 glycan shielding at residues L661N/L663T V1v2/BG505 C/R504N/V506T/L661N/ 504, 670 chimera L663T AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTaVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 1686 H395 *426c-v1v2-WITO-degly4- 426c/WITO- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, S199A/I201C/A433C/N276D/N460D/N463D V1v2/BG505 S199A/I201C/A433C/ glycan shielding at residues chimera N276D/N460D/N463D 504, 661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTATCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNK SVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAP PIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRvVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLL KLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1687 H396 *426c-v1v2-WITO-degly3- 426c/WITO- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, I201C/A433C/N276D/N460D/N463D V1v2/BG505 I201C/A433C/N276D/ glycan shielding at residues chimera N460D/N463D 504, 662 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNK SVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAP PIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRvVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHL LKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1688 H397 *426c-v1v2-ZM233-degly4- 426c/ZM233- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, S199A/I201C/A433C/N276D/N460D/N463D V1v2/BG505 S199A/I201C/A433C/ glycan shielding at residues chimera N276D/N460D/N463D 504, 663 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTATCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNKSVEIVCTR PNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAPPIKGNITC KSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRvVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGI KQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1689 H398 *426c-v1v2-ZM233-degly3- 426c/ZM233- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, I201C/A433C/N276D/N460D/N463D V1v2/BG505 I201C/A433C/N276D/ glycan shielding at residues chimera N460D/N463D 504, 664 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNKSVEIVCTR PNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAPPIKGNITC KSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRvVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGI KQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1690 H399 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-WITO-I201C/A433C d0n0r45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, 01dG5/WITO- I201C/A433C glycan shielding at residues V1v2/BG505 504, 665 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQsSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQII NMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQ QSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1691 H400 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-WITO-degly3- d0n0r45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, I201C/S364A/A433C 01dG5/WITO- I201C/S364A/A433C glycan shielding at residues V1v2/BG505 504, 666 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQII NMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQ QSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1692 H401 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-WITO-degly4- d0n0r45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, S199A/I201C/S364A 01dG5/WITO- S199A/I201C/S364A/ glycan shielding at residues V1v2/BG505 A433C 504, 667 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTaVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQII NMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQ QSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1693 H402 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-ZM233-I201C/A433C d0n0r45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, 01dG5/ZM233- I201C/A433C glycan shielding at residues V1v2/BG505 504, 668 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQsSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1694 H403 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-ZM233-degly3- d0n0r45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, I201C/S364A/A433C 01dG5/ZM233- I201C/S364A/A433C glycan shielding at residues V1v2/BG505 504, 669 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1695 H404 *d45-01dG5chim-v1v2-ZM233-degly4- donor45- SOSIP, R6, 664, BG505 chimera, V1V2 chimera, S199A/201C/S364A/A433C 01dG5/ZM233- S199A/201C/S364A/ glycan shielding at residues V1v2/BG505 A433C 504, 670 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTaVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1696 H405 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-KER2018.11- ZM106.9/BG505 V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap 201C/D368R/433C/R504T/V506T/L661N/L663T chimera 201C, D368R, 433C,  KER2018.11, gly504-661 glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCINANVTNSSMTNSSMMEGEIKNCSYNMTT ELRDKKRKVFSLFYKLDVVPMNENNSEYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNAKTIIVHLNKSVE IECIRPGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKINGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQGVGRCMYAPPIR GEIKCTSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEEIFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLK LTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1697 H406 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-CH070.1- ZM106.9/BG505 V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap 201C/D368R/433C/R504T/V506T/L661N/ chimera 201C, D368R, 433C,  CH070.1, gly504-661 L663T glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLKCKDVSINNGNVSSSNGSTSHNNSSIDNETL NEGMKEMKNCSFNATTVLRDKKQKVHALFYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNAKTIIVHLNKS VEIECIRPGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKINGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQGVGRCMYAPP IRGEIKCTSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEEIFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHL LKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1698 H407 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-ZM233.6- ZM106.9/BG505 V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap 201C/D368R/433C/R504T/V506T/L661N/ chimera 201C, D368R, 433C, ZM233.6, gly504-661 L663T glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNAKTIIVHLNKSVEIECIR PGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKINGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQGVGRCMYAPPIRGEIKC TSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEEIFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWG IKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1699 H408 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-Q23- ZM106.9/BG505 V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6; V1V2 Swap Q23,  201C/D368R/433C/V506T/R504T/L661N/ chimera 201C, D368R, 433C, gly504-661 L663T glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTSVNTTGDREGLKNCSFNMTTELRDK RQKVYSLFYRLDIVPINENQGSEYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNAKTIIVHLNKSVEIECI RPGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKINGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQGVGRCMYAPPIRGEIK CTSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEEIFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVW GIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1700 H409 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-A244- ZM106.9/BG505 V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap A244, 201C/D368R/433C/R504T/V506T/L661N/ chimera 201C, D368R, 433C, gly504-661 L663T glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNANLTKANLTNVNNRTNVSNIIGNITDE VRNCSFNMTTELRDKKQKVHALFYKLDIVPIEDNNDNSKYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNA KTIIVHLNKSVEIECIRPGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKINGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQ GVGRCMYAPPIRGElKCTSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEElFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNL LRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1701 H410 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-WITO- ZM106.9/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6; V1V2 Swap WITO,  201C/D368R/433C/R504T/V506T/L661N/ chimera 201C, D368R, 433C,  gly504-661 L663T glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNAKTIIVHLNK SVEIECIRPGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKINGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQGVGRCMYAP PIRGElKCTSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEEIFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQH LLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1702 H411 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-Cap256-SU- ZM106.9/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap CAP256-SU, 201C/D368R/433C/R504T/V506T/L661N/ chimera 201C, D368R, 433C,  gly504-661 L663T glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCSDAKVNINATYNGTREEIKNCSFNATTEL RDKKKKEYALFYRLDIVPLNKEGNNNSEYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNAKTIIVHLNKSV EIECIRPGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKNGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQGVGRCMYAPPIR GEIKCTSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEEIFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLK LTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1703 H412 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-T250.4- ZM106.9/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap T250.4, 201C/D368R/433C/R504T/V506T/L661N/ chimera 201C, D368R, 433C,  gly504-661 L663T glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCQAFNSSSHTNSSIAMQEMKNCSFNVTTEL RDKKKKEYSFFYKTDIEQINKNGRQYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNAKTIIVHLNKSVEIE CIRPGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKINGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQGVGRCMYAPPIRGE IKCTSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEElFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLT VWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1704 H413 *ZM106.9-chim_DS_THS_v1v2-BB201.B42- ZM106.9/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6; V1V2 Swap BB201.B42,  201C/D368R/433C/R504T/V506T/L661N/ chimera 201C, D368R, 433C, gly504-661 L663T glycan504, glycan661 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKSYEREVHNVWATHACVPTDPDPQELVMANVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLECRNITGVNISEGKEEIKNCSFNITTELRDK RKKVYSLFYRLDVVQIDEGDKNSTQYRLISCNTSTCTQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFSGKGPCSNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENLTDNAKTIIVHLNKSVEIE CIRPGNNTRKSIRLGPGQTFYATGDVIGDIRKAYCKINGSEWNETLTKVSEKLKEYFNKTIRFAQHSGGRLEVTTHSFNCRGEFFYCNTSELFNSNATESNITLPCRIKQIINMWQGVGRCMYAPPIRGE IKCTSNITGLLLTRDGGNNNNSTEEIFRPEGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLT VWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGILLEESQNQQEKNEQDLNATD 1705 H414 *cap256-su-chim_ds_THS-Avi cap256-su SOSIP, R6, 664,  201C/433C AENLWVTVYYGVPVWREAKTTLFCASDAKSYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQELVLKNVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCSDAKVNINATYNGTREEIKNCSFNATTEL RDKKKKEYALFYRLDIVPLNKEGNNNSEYRLINCNTSVCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIIIRSENLTDNVKTIIVHLNESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQTFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISEIKWEKTLQRVSEKLREHFNKTIIFNQSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSDLFFNKTFDETYSTGSNSTNSTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGRCMYASPIAGEITCKSNITGLLLTRDGGGNNSTEETFRPGGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1706 H415 *cap256-su-chim + int_ds_THS-Avi cap256-su SOSIP, R6, 664,  Interacting residues 201C/433 between the gp41 and gp120 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKSYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCSDAKVNINATYNGTREEIKNCSFNATTEL RDKKKKEYALFYRLDIVPLNKEGNNNSEYRLINCNTSVCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIIIRSENLTDNVKTIIVHLNESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQTFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISEIKWEKTLQRVSEKLREHFNKTIIFNQSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSDLFFNKTFDETYSTGSNSTNSTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGRCMYASPIAGEITCKSNITGLLLTRDGGGNNSTEETFRPGGGNMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1707 H416 *426c-native_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP 426c/BG505 SOSIP; 664; R6 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVNVTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCS FDITTEIRDKTRKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTLTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLSDNAKI IIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEV GKAIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTTNNTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRA PEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1708 H417 *426c-del276-460_bg505-NCgp120 + 426c/BG505  SOSIP; 664; R6 removal of glycan 276 gp41.SOSIP chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVNVTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCS FDITTEIRDKTRKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTLTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLaDNAKI IIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEV GKAIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTaNNTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRA PEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1709 H418 *426c-del276_bg505-NCgp120 + gp41.SOSIP 426c/BG505  SOSIP; 664 removal of glycan 276 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVNVTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCS FDITTEIRDKTRKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTLTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLaDNAKI IIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEV GKAIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTTNNTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRA PEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1710 H419 *426c-del276-460_DS bg505-NCgp120 + 426c/BG505 SOSIP, R6, 664,  removal of glycan 276 gp41.SOSIP chimera 201C/433C and glycan 460 AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVNVTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCS FDITTEIRDKTRKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLaDNAKI IIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEV GKCIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTaNNTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVV1KIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLR APEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1711 H420 *426c-de1276 DS bg505-NCgp120 + 426c/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  removal of glycan 276 gp41.SOSIP chimera 201C/433C AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVNVTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCS FDITTEIRDKTRKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLaDNAKI IIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEV GKCIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTTNNTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRA PEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1712 H421 *426c-native DS bg505-NCgp120 + 426c/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  gp41.SOSIP chimera 201C/433C AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVNVTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCS FDITTEIRDKTRKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLSDNAKI IIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEV GKCIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTTNNTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRA PEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1713 H422 *426c-d3GLY-SUstrC_bg505-NCgp120 + 426c/BG505  SOSIP; 664; R6 Introduction of cap256 gp41.SOSIP chimera su strand c AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVNVTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCS FnattelrdkkkKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTLTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLaDNAKI IIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEV GKAIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTaNNaElFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRA PEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1714 H423 *426c-d3GLY-SUstrC_DS bg505- 426c/BG505  SOSIP, R6, 664,  Introduction of cap256 NCgp120 + 30gp41.SOSIP chimera 201C/433C su strand c AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVNVTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCS FnattelrdkkkKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLaDNAKI IIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEV GKCIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTaNNaElFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRA PEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1715 H424 *703010505.TF-chim_d7324, R6, 664, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C I201C/A433C BG505 chimera AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEMVLKNVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMHEDVISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNATASNSSIIEGMKNCSFNITTELRDKR EKKNALFYKLDIVQLDGNSSQYRLINCNTSVITQACPKVSFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFTGTGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEGEIIIRSENITNNVKTIIVHLNESVKIECTRP NNKTRTSIRIGPGQAFYATGQVIGDIREAYCNINESKWNETLQRVSKKLKEYFPHKNITFQPSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSSLFNRTYMANSTDMANSTETNSTRTITIHCRIKQIINMWQEVG RAMYAPPIAGNITCISNITGLLLTRDGGKNNTETFRPGGGNMKDNWRSELYKYKVVKCeIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1716 H425 703010505.TF-chim + int_d7324, R6, 664, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C interface mutations I201C/A433C BG505 chimera 1717 H426 703010505.TF_cl-small-sel_d7324, R6, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C 664, I201C/A433C BG505 chimera 1718 H427 703010505.TF_cl1-2_d7324, R6, 664, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C I201C/A433C BG505 chimera 1719 H428 703010505.TF_cl1_0324, R6, 664, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C I201C/A433C BG505 chimera 1720 H429 703010505.TF-chim_d7324_tad, R6, 664, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C trimer association domain I201C/A433C/E47D/K49E/V65K/E106T/ BG505 chimera mutations E429R/R432Q/E500R 1721 H430 703010505.TF_cl-small-sel_d7324_tad, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C trimer association domain R6, 664, I201C/A433C/E47D/K49E/V65K/ BG505 chimera mutations E106T/E429R/R432Q/E500R 1722 H431 703010505.TF_cl1-2_d7324_tad, R6, 664, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C trimer association domain I201C/A433C/E47D/K49E/V65K/E106T/ BG505 chimera mutations E429R/R432Q/E500R 1723 H432 703010505.TF_cl1_0324_tad, R6, 664, 703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C trimer association domain I201C/A433C/E47D/K49E/V65K/E106T/ BG505 chimera mutations E429R/R432Q/E5OOR 1724 H433 703010505.TF-chim + int_d7324_tad, R6,  703010505.TF/ SOSIP, R6, 664 I201C/A433C interface mutations, trimer 664, I201C/A433C/E47D/K49E/V65K/E106T/ BG505 chimera E429R/R432Q/E500R association domain mutations 1725 H434 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C, DS gp41 chim, I201C, A433C, 1726 H435 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C, residues, I201C, A433C, 1727 H436 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,, I201C,  V2 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v2 A433C,_BG505 V2 (residues 154-205), 1728 H437 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,, I201C, A433C,_ V1, 191-205 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_191-205 BG505 V1 (residues 119-153),_191-205 1729 H438 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,, + interface V1 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v1 residues, I201C, A433C,_ BG505 V1 (residues 119-153), 1730 H439 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,, I201C, 166-173 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_strC A433C,_strC 1731 H440 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,, + interface  166-173 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_strC residues, I201C,  A433C,_strC 1732 H441 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C, V2, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v2_v3 BG505 V2 (residues 154- 205), _BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGELKNCSFNMT TELRDKKQKVYSLFYRLDVVQINENQGNRSNNSNKEYRLINCNTSAITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTI IVQLKESVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRI KQIINMWQEVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGI VQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1733 H442 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V1, 191-205, 166-173 from  gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_strC_ BG505 V1 (residues 119- BG505 191-205 153), _strC_191-205 1734 H443 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,, + interface V1, 166-173 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v1_strC residues, I201C, A433C,_ BG505 V1 (residues 119-153),_strC 1735  H444 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v3 BG505 V3 (residues 296- 331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGEIKNCSFNIT TSIRDKVQKEYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLISCDTSVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1736 H445 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface 166-173, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_strC_v3 residue set A, I201C, A433C,_strC_BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGEIKNCSFNIT TSIRDKKQKVYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLISCDTSVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1737 H446 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface V2 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v2 residues, I201C, A433C,_ BG505 V2 (residues 154- 205), 1738 H447 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface 191-205, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_191- residue set A, I201C, 205_v3 A433C,_191-205_BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGEIKNCSFNIT TSIRDKVQKEYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLINCNTSAITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1739 H448 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface V1, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v1_v3 residue set A, I201C, A433C,_BG505 V1 (residues 119-153),_ BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQCTNVTNNITDDMRGElKNCSFNITTSIRDK VQKEYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLISCDTSVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCM YAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQ QHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1740 H449 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ 166-173, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_strC_v3 strC_BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGElKNCSFNIT TSIRDKKQKVYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLISCDTSVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1741  H450 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v3 residue set A, I201C, A433C,_BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGEIKNCSFNIT TSIRDKVQKEYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLISCDTSVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1742 H451 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface V2, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v2_v3 residue set A, I201C, A433C,_BG505 V2 (residues 154-205),_ BG505 V3 (residues 296-331) AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGELKNCSFNMT TELRDKKQKVYSLFYRLDVVQINENQGNRSNNSNKEYRLINCNTSAITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTI IVQLKESVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRI KQIINMWQEVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGI VQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1743 H452 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V1, 166-173, 191-205, V3 from  gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_strC_ BG505 V1 (residues 119- BG505 191-205_v3 153), _strC_191-205_ BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), 1744 H453 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface V1, 166-173, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_ residue set A, I201C, v1_strC_v3 A433C,_BG505 V1 (residues 119-153),_strC_ BG505 V3 (residues 296-331) AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQCTNVTNNITDDMRGEIKNCSFNITTSIRDK KQKVYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLISCDTSVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCM YAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQ QHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1745 H454 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ 191-205 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_191-205 191-205 1746 H455 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface  191-205 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_191-205 residues, I201C, A433C,_ 191-205 1747 H456 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V1, V2 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_v2 BG505 V1 (residues 119- 153), _BG505 V2 (residues 154-205), 1748 H457 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V1 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1 BG505 V1 (residues 119- 153), 1749 H458 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface V1, 191-205 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_ residue set A, I201C,  v1_191-205 A433C,_BG505 V1 (residues 119-153),_191-205 1750 H459 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ 166-173, 191-205 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_strC_191-205 strC_191-205 1751 H460 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface 166-173, 191-205 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_strC_ residue set A, I201C, 191-205 A433C,_strC_191-205 1752 H461 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,I201C, A433C,_BG505 V1, V2, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_v2_v3 V1 (residues 119-153),_ BG505 V2 (residues 154- 205),_ BG505 V3 (residues 296-331) AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQCTNVTNNITDDMRGELKNCSFNMTTELRDK KQKVYSLFYRLDVVQINENQGNRSNNSNKEYRLINCNTSAITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKE SVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINM WQEVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSN LLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1753 H462 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V1, 166-173 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_strC BG505 V1 (residues 119- 153), _strC 1754 H463 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface  V1, 166-173, 191-205 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_ residue set A, I201C, v1_strC_191-205 A433C,_BG505 V1 (residues 119-153), _strC_191-205 1755 H464 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K,I201C, A433C,_ 166-173, 191-205, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_strC_191- strC_191-205_ BG505 V3 205_v3 (residues 296-331), 1756 H465 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V1, 191-205, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_191-205_v3 BG505 V1 (residues 119- 153), _191-205_BG505 V3  (residues 296-331), 1757 H466 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface  V1, V2 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v1_v2 residues, I201C, A433C,_ BG505 V1 (residues 119- 153),_BG505 V2 (residues 154-205), 1758 H467 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V1, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_v3 BG505 V1 (residues 119- 153), _BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQCTNVTNNITDDMRGEIKNCSFNITTSIRDK VQKEYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLISCDTSVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCM YAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQ QHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1759  H468 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface V1, 191-205, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v1_191- residues, I201C, A433C,_ 205_v3 BG505 V1 (residues 119-153),_191-205_BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQCTNVTNNITDDMRGEIKNCSFNITTSIRDK VQKEYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLINCNTSAITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCM YAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQ QHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1760 H469 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_191- 191-205, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_191-205_v3 205_BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGEIKNCSFNIT TSIRDKVQKEYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLINCNTSAITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1761 H470 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface 166-173, 191-205, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_strC_191- residues, I201C, A433C,_ 205_v3 strC_191-205_BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCKDVNATNTTNDSEGTMERGEIKNCSFNIT TSIRDKKQKVYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLINCNTSAITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESV EINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQ EVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1762 H471 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface  V1, V2, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_v1_v2_v3 residues, I201C, A433C,_  BG505V1 (residues 119- 153),_BG505 V2 (residues 154-205), _BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKDAETTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEIHLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQTDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQCTNVTNNITDDMRGELKNCSFNMTTELRDK KQKVYSLFYRLDVVQINENQGNRSNNSNKEYRLINCNTSAITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKE SVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINM WQEVGKCMYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSN LLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1763 H472 *JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505  JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, I201C, A433C,_ V1, 166-173, V3 from BG505 gp41 chim, I201C, A433C,_v1_strCv3 BG505 V1 (residues 119- 153),_strC_BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTEHFNMWKNNMVEQMQEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLQCTNVTNNITDDMRGElKNCSFNITTSIRDK KQKVYALFYKLDVVPIDNNNTSYRLISCDTSVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKTFNGKGPCKNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSDNFTNNAKTIIVQLKESVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIRIGPGQAFYATGDIIGDIRQAHCNISRAKWNDTLKQIVIKLREQFENKTIVFNHSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWNNNTEGSNNTEGNTITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCM YAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGINENGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRRVVGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQ QHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLLALD 1764 H473 JRFLgp140.6R.SOSIP.664.E168K, BG505 JRFL/BG505 chim SOSIP, R6, 664 E168K, + interface  V1, 166-173, 191-205, V3 from gp41 chim, + int I201C, A433C,_ residues, I201C,  BG505 v1_strC_191-205_v3 A433C,_BG505 V1 (residues 119-153),_strC_191-205_ BG505 V3 (residues 296-331), 1765 T030 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1766 T031 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 6545.V4.C1/BG505 sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1767 T032 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1768 T033 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1769 T034 ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM ZM106.9/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1770 T035 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1771 T036 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1772 T037 CNE55-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM CNE55/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1773 T038 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 6545.V4.C1/BG505 sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1774 T039 DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM DU422.01/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1775 T040 25925-2.22-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 25925-2.22/BG505 sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1776 T041 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1777 T042 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 16055-2.3/BG505 sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1778 T043 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1779 T044 ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM ZM55.28a/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1780 T045 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1781 T046 B1369.9A-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM B1369.9A/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1782 T047 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1783 T048 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 16055-2.3/BG505 sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1784 T049 ZM55.28a-chim_sc151n-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM ZM55.28a/BG505  sc151n-SOS-DS-10ln- chimera HATM 1785 T050 ZM106.9-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM ZM106.9/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1786 T051 AC10.29-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM AC10.29/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1787 T052 CH038.12-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM CH038.12/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1788 T053 TRO.11-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM TRO.11/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1789 T054 QH209.14M.A2-chimSOS-DS-10ln-HATM QH209.14M.A2/ SOS-DS-10ln-HATM BG505 chimera 1790 T055 6545.V4.C1-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM 6545.V4.C1/BG505 SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1791 T056 KER2018.11-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM KER2018.11/BG505 SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1792 T057 MB201.A1-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM MB201.A1/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1793 T058 B1369.9A-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM B1369.9A/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1794 T059 CNE55-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM CNE55/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1795 T060 TH966.8-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM TH966.8/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1796 T061 R2184.c4-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM R2184.c4/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1797 T062 DU422.01-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM DU422.01/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1798 T063 16055-2.3-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM 16055-2.3/BG505 SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1799 T064 ZM55.28a-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM ZM55.28a/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1800 T065 CH117.4-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM CH117.4/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1801 T066 CNE58-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM CNE58/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1802 T067 ZM53.12-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM ZM53.12/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1803 T068 ZM197.7-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM ZM197.7/BG505  SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1804 T069 25925-2.22-chim_SOS-DS-10ln-HATM 25925-2.22/BG505 SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1805 T070 ZM106.9-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM ZM106.9/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1806 T071 AC10.29-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM AC10.29/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1807 T072 CH038.12-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM CH038.12/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1808 T073 TRO.11-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM TRO.11/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1809 T074 QH209.14M.A2-chimSOS-DS-MPER-TM QH209.14M.A2/ SOS-DS-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1810 T075 6545.V4.C1-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM 6545.V4.C1/BG505 SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1811 T076 KER2018.11-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM KER2018.11/BG505 SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1812 T077 MB201.A1-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM MB201.A1/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1813 T078 B1369.9A-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM B1369.9A/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1814 T079 CNE55-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM CNE55/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1815 T080 TH966.8-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM TH966.8/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1816 T081 R2184.c4-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM R2184.c4/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1817 T082 DU422.01-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM DU422.01/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1818 T083 16055-2.3-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM 16055-2.3/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1819 T084 ZM55.28a-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM ZM55.28a/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1820 T085 CH117.4-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM CH117.4/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1821 T086 CNE58-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM CNE58/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1822 T087 ZM53.12-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM ZM53.12/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1823 T088 ZM197.7-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM ZM197.7/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1824 T089 25925-2.22-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM 25925-2.22/BG505 SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1825 T090 ZM106.9-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM106.9/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1826 T091 AC10.29-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto AC10.29/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1827 T092 CH038.12-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CH038.12/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1828 T093 TRO.11-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto TRO.11/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1829 T094 QH209.14M.A2-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto QH209.14M.A2/ SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto BG505 chimera 1830 T095 6545.V4.C1-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto 6545.V4.C1/BG505 SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1831 T096 KER2018.11-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto KER2018.11/BG505 SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1832 T097 MB201.A1-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto MB201.A1/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1833 T098 B1369.9A-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto B1369.9A/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1834 T099 CNE55-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CNE55/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1835 T100 TH966.8-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto TH966.8/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1836 T101 R2184.c4-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto R2184.c4/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1837 T102 DU422.01-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto DU422.01/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1838 T103 16055-2.3-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto 16055-2.3/BG505 SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1839 T104 ZM55.28a-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM55.28a/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1840 T105 CH117.4-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CH117.4/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1841 T106 CNE58-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CNE58/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1842 T107 ZM53.12-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM53.12/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1843 T108 ZM197.7-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM197.7/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1844 T109 25925-2.22-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto 25925-2.22/BG505 SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1845 T110 AC10.29-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM AC10.29/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1846 T111 CH038.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM CH038.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1847 T112  TRO.11-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM TRO.11/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1848 T113 QH209.14M.A2-chimsc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM QH209.14M.A2/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM BG505 chimera 1849 T114 KER2018.11-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM KER2018.11/BG505 sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1850 T115 MB201.A1-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM MB201.A1/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1851 T116 ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM ZM55.28a/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1852 T117 CH117.4-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM CH117.4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1853 T118 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM chimera 1854 T119 ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM ZM106.9/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1855 T120 AC10.29-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM AC10.29/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1856 T121 CH038.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM CH038.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1857 T122 TRO.11-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM TRO.11/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1858 T123 QH209.14M.A2-chimsc10ln-IP-MPER-TM QH209.14M.A2/ sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1859 T124 KER2018.11-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM KER2018.11/BG505 sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1860 T125 MB201.A1-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM MB201.A1/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1861 T126 B1369.9A-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM B1369.9A/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1862 T127 CNE55-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM CNE55/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1863 T128 DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM DU422.01/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1864 T129 CH117.4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM CH117.4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1865 T130 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1866 T131 25925-2.22-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 25925-2.22/BG505 sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM chimera 1867 T132 ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto ZM106.9/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1868 T133 AC10.29-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto AC10.29/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1869 T134 CH038.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto CH038.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1870 T135 TRO.11-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto TRO.11/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1871 T136 QH209.14M.A2-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto QH209.14M.A2/ sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto BG505 chimera 1872 T137 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto 6545.V4.C1/BG505 sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1873 T138 KER2018.11-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto KER2018.11/BG505 sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1874 T139 MB201.A1-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto MB201.A1/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1875 T140 B1369.9A-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto B1369.9A/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1876 T141 CNE55-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto CNE55/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1877 T142 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1878 T143 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1879 T144 DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto DU422.01/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1880 T145 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto 16055-2.3/BG505 sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1881 T146 ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto ZM55.28a/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1882 T147 CH117.4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto CH117.4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1883 T148 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1884 T149 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1885 T150 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1886 T151 25925-2.22-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto 25925-2.22/BG505 sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1887 T152 ZM106.9-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM ZM106.9/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1888 T153 AC10.29-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM AC10.29/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1889 T154 CH038.12-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM CH038.12/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1890 T155 TRO.11-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM TRO.11/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1891 T156 QH209.14M.A2-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln- QH209.14M.A2/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM HATM BG505 chimera 1892 T157 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM 6545.V4.C1/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM BG505 chimera 1893 T158 KER2018.11-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM KER2018.11/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM BG505 chimera 1894 T159 MB201.A1-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM MB201.A1/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1895 T160 B1369.9A-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM B1369.9A/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1896 T161 CNE55-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM CNE55/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1897 T162 TH966.8-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM TH966.8/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1898 T163 R2184.c4-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM R2184.c4/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1899 T164 DU422.01-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM DU422.01/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1900 T165 16055-2.3-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM 16055-2.3/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1901 T166 CH117.4-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM CH117.4/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1902 T167 CNE58-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM CNE58/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1903 T168 ZM53.12-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM ZM53.12/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1904 T169 ZM197.7-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM ZM197.7/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1905 T170 25925-2.22-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM 25925-2.22/BG505 sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1906 T171 ZM106.9-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM ZM106.9/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1907 T172 AC10.29-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM AC10.29/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1908 T173 CH038.12-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM CH038.12/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1909 T174 TRO.11-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM TRO.11/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1910 T175 QH209.14M.A2-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM QH209.14M.A2/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1911 T176 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM 6545.V4.C1/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1912 T177 KER2018.11-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM KER2018.11/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1913 T178 MB201.A1-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM MB201.A1/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1914 T179 B1369.9A-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM B1369.9A/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1915 T180 CNE55-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM CNE55/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1916 T181 TH966.8-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM TH966.8/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1917 T182 _sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM R2184.c4/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1918 T183 DU422.01-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM DU422.01/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1919 T184 16055-2.3-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM 16055-2.3/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1920 T185 ZM55.28a-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM ZM55.28a/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1921 T186 CH117.4-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM CH117.4/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1922 T187 CNE58-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM CNE58/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1923 T188 ZM53.12-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM ZM53.12/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1924 T189 ZM197.7-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM ZM197.7/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1925 T190 25925-2.22-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM 25925-2.22/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1926 T191 ZM106.9-chim_sc151n-SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM106.9/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- chimera cyto 1927 T192 AC10.29-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto AC10.29/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- chimera cyto 1928 T193 CH038.12-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- CH038.12/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto chimera cyto 1929 T194 TRO.11-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto TRO.11/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- chimera cyto 1930 T195 QH209.14M.A2-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER- QH209.14M.A2/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- TM-cyto BG505 chimera cyto 1931 T196 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- 6545.V4.C1/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto BG505 chimera cyto 1932 T197 KER2018.11-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- KER2018.11/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto BG505 chimera cyto 1933 T198 MB201.A1-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- MB201.A1/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto chimera cyto 1934 T199 B1369.9A-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- B1369.9A/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto chimera cyto 1935 T200 CNE55-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CNE55/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- chimera cyto 1936 T201 TH966.8-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- TH966.8/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto chimera cyto 1937 T202 R2184.c4-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- R2184.c4/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto chimera cyto 1938 T203 DU422.01-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- DU422.01/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto chimera cyto 1939 T204 16055-2.3-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- 16055-2.3/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto chimera cyto 1940 T205 ZM55.28a-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- ZM55.28a/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto chimera cyto 1941 T206 CH117.4-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CH117.4/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- chimera cyto 1942 T207 CNE58-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CNE58/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- chimera cyto 1943 T208 ZM53.12-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM53.12/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- chimera cyto 1944 T209 ZM197.7-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM197.7/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- chimera cyto 1945 T210 25925-2.22-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- 25925-2.22/ sc15ln-SOS-DS-MPER-TM- cyto BG505 chimera cyto 1946 T211 ZM106.9-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM ZM106.9/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1947 T212 AC10.29-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM AC10.29/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1948 T213 CH038.12-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM CH038.12/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1949 T214 TRO.11-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM TRO.11/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1950 T215 QH209.14M.A2-chimIP-DS-10ln-HATM QH209.14M.A2/ IP-DS-10ln-HATM BG505 chimera 1951 T216 6545.V4.C1-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM 6545.V4.C1/ IP-DS-10ln-HATM BG505 chimera 1952 T217 KER2018.11-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM KER2018.11/ IP-DS-10ln-HATM BG505 chimera 1953 T218 MB201.A1-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM MB201.A1/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1954 T219 B1369.9A-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM B1369.9A/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1955 T220 CNE55-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM CNE55/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1956 T221 TH966.8-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM TH966.8/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1957 T222 R2184.c4-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM R2184.c4/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1958 T223 DU422.01-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM DU422.01/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1959 T224 16055-2.3-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM 16055-2.3/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1960 T225 ZM55.28a-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM ZM55.28a/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1961 T226 CH117.4-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM CH117.4/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1962 T227 CNE58-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM CNE58/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1963 T228 ZM53.12-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM ZM53.12/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1964 T229 ZM197.7-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM ZM197.7/BG505  IP-DS-10ln-HATM chimera 1965 T230 25925-2.22-chim_IP-DS-10ln-HATM 25925-2.22/ IP-DS-10ln-HATM BG505 chimera 1966 T231 ZM106.9-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM ZM106.9/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1967 T232 AC10.29-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM AC10.29/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1968 T233 CH038.12-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM CH038.12/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1969 T234 TRO.11-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM TRO.11/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1970 T235 QH209.14M.A2-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM QH209.14M.A2/ IP-DS-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1971 T236 6545.V4.C1-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM 6545.V4.C1/ IP-DS-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1972 T237 KER2018.11-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM KER2018.11/ IP-DS-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1973 T238 MB201.A1-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM MB201.A1/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1974 T239 B1369.9A-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM B1369.9A/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1975 T240 CNE55-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM CNE55/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1976 T241 TH966.8-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM TH966.8/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1977 T242 R2184.c4-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM R2184.c4/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1978 T243 DU422.01-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM DU422.01/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1979 T244 16055-2.3-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM 16055-2.3/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1980 T245 ZM55.28a-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM ZM55.28a/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1981 T246 CH117.4-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM CH117.4/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1982 T247 CNE58-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM CNE58/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1983 T248 ZM53.12-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM ZM53.12/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1984 T249 ZM197.7-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM ZM197.7/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM chimera 1985 T250 25925-2.22-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM 25925-2.22/ IP-DS-MPER-TM BG505 chimera 1986 T251 ZM106.9-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM106.9/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1987 T252 AC10.29-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto AC10.29/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1988 T253 CH038.12-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CH038.12/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1989 T254 TRO.11-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto TRO.11/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1990 T255 QH209.14M.A2-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto QH209.14M.A2/ IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto BG505 chimera 1991 T256 6545.V4.C1-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto 6545.V4.C1/ IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto BG505 chimera 1992 T257 KER2018.11-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto KER2018.11/ IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto BG505 chimera 1993 T258 MB201.A1-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto MB201.A1/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1994 T259 B1369.9A-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto B1369.9A/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1995 T260 CNE55-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CNE55/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1996 T261 TH966.8-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto TH966.8/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1997 T262 R2184.c4-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto R2184.c4/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1998 T263 DU422.01-chim_IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto DU422.01/BG505  IP-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 1999 T264 16055-2.3-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto 16055-2.3/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 2000 T265 ZM55.28a-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM55.28a/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 2001 T266 CH117.4-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CH117.4/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 2002 T267 CNE58-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto CNE58/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 2003 T268 ZM53.12-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM53.12/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 2004 T269 ZM197.7-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto ZM197.7/BG505  SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto chimera 2005 T270 25925-2.22-chim_SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto 25925-2.22/ SOS-DS-MPER-TM-cyto BG505 chimera 2006 T271 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2007 T272 6545.V4.C1-chim sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain BG505 chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2008 T273 cR2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2009 T274 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2010 T275 ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- ZM106.9/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2011 T276 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2012 T277 CNE55-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- CNE55/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2013 T278 DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- DU422.01/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2014 T279 25925-2.22-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- 25925-2.22/ sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain BG505 chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2015 T280 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2016 T281 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2017 T282 ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- ZM55.28a/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2018 T283 BI369.9A-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- BI369.9A/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-full- single-chain 10 amino  cytoplasmic domain chimera cytoplasmic domain acid replace cleavage  site and I559P mutation 2019 T284 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2020 T285 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln- 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p HATM BG505 chimera 2021 T286 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2022 T287 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2023 T288 ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM ZM106.9/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2024 T289 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2025 T290 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-MPER-TM R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM a433p chimera 2026 T291 CNE55-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM CNE55/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2027 T292 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10In-a433p-IP-MPER-TM 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM a433p BG505 chimera 2028 T293 DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM DU422.01/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2029 T294 25925-2.22-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln- 25925-2.22/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p HATM BG505 chimera 2030 T295 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2031 T296 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-10ln-HATM 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2032 T297 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-MPER-TM TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM a433p chimera 2033 T298 ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-MPER-TM ZM55.28a/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM a433p chimera 2034 T299 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-MPER-TM ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM a433p chimera 2035 T300 B1369.9A-chim_sc10lna433p--IP-10ln-HATM B1369.9A/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2036 T301 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-MPER-TM ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM a433p chimera 2037 T302 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-a433p-IP-MPER-TM 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM a433p chimera 2038 T303 ZM55.28a-chim_sc15ln-SOS-a433p-10ln-HATM ZM55.28a/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-10ln-HATM a433p chimera 2039 T304 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Increase the negative charge in yslfe-177 chimera the V2 region to stabilize V2 to V3 interactions 2040 T305 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 BG505 chimera 2041 T306 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2042 T307 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2043 T308 ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM106.9/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2044 T309 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2045 T310 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2046 T311 CNE55-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- CNE55/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2047 T312 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 BG505 chimera 2048 T313 DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- DU422.01/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2049 T314 25925-2.22-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 25925-2.22/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 BG505 chimera 2050 T315 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2051 T316 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2052 T317 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2053 T318 ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM55.28a/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2054 T319 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2055 T320 B1369.9A-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- B1369.9A/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2056 T321 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2057 T322 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 yslfe-177 chimera 2058 T323 ZM55.28a-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM- ZM55.28a/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln- 173-177 mutated to YSLFE Same as Seq_2039 173-yslfe-177 chimera HATM 2059 T324 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2060 T325 6545.V4.C1-chim sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 BG505 chimera 2061 T326 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2062 T327 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2063 T328 ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM106.9/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2064 T329 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2065 T330 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2066 T331 CNE55-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- CNE55/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2067 T332 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 BG505 chimera 2068 T333 DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- DU422.01/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2069 T334 25925-2.22-chim sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 25925-2.22/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 BG505 chimera 2070 T335 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2071 T336 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2072 T337 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2073 T338 ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM55.28a/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2074 T339 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2075 T340 B1369.9A-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- B1369.9A/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2076 T341 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2077 T342 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 eslfe-177 chimera 2078 T343 ZM55.28a-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM- ZM55.28a/BG505  sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln- 173-177 mutated to ESLFE Same as Seq_2039 173-eslfe-177 chimera HATM 2079 T344 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2080 T345 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 BG505 chimera 2081 T346 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2082 T347 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177  chimera 2083 T348 ZM106.9-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM106.9/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2084 T349 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2085 T350 R2184.c4-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- R2184.c4/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2086 T351 CNE55-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- CNE55/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2087 T352 6545.V4.C1-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- 6545.V4.C1/ sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 BG505 chimera 2088 T353 DU422.01-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- DU422.01/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2089 T354 25925-2.22-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 25925-2.22/ sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 BG505 chimera 2090 T355 CNE58-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- CNE58/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2091 T356 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2092 T357 TH966.8-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- TH966.8/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2093 T358 ZM55.28a-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM55.28a/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2094 T359 ZM53.12-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM53.12/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2095 T360 B1369.9A-chim_sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM-173- B1369.9A/BG505  sc10ln-IP-10ln-HATM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2096 T361 ZM197.7-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- ZM197.7/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2097 T362 16055-2.3-chim_sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM-173- 16055-2.3/BG505  sc10ln-IP-MPER-TM 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 eslfy-177 chimera 2098 T363 ZM55.28a-chim_sc15ln-SOS-DS-10ln-HATM- ZM55.28a/BG505  sc15ln-S0S-DS-10ln- 173-177 mutated to ESLFY Same as Seq_2039 173-eslfy-177 chimera HATM 2099 z 35O22 VH 2100 z 35O22 VL 2101 z coat protein subunit #NAME? 2102 z coat protein subunit 2103 z coat protein subunit 2104 z coat protein subunit 2105 z coat protein subunit 2106 z coat protein subunit 2107 z coat protein subunit 2108 z coat protein subunit 2109 z coat protein subunit 2110 z coat protein subunit 2111 z coat protein subunit 2112 z coat protein subunit 2113 z coat protein subunit 2114 0 T250-4 T250-4 2115 0 JRFL JRFL 2116 H474 T2504.SOSIP.6R.201C433C T2504.SOSIP.6R. 201C433C 2117 bg505.sosip_c15ln.201C-433C bg505.sosip_ c15ln.201C-433C 2118 soluble CD4 (sCD4 soluble CD4 (sCD4 2119 BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C BG505 DNA (VRC4571) 2120 BG505 WT DNA 2121 H475 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap CAP256-SU SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  CAP256_SU 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2122 H476 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap BB201.B42 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  66201.B42 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2123 H477 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap KER2018.11 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  KER2018.11 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2124 H478 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap CH070.1 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  CH070.1 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2125 H479 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap ZM233.6 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  ZM233.6 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2126 H480 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap Q23 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  Q23 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2127 H481 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap A244 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  A244 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2128 H482 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap WITO SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  WITO 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2129 H483  *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap T250.4 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  T250.4 201C, D368R, 433C,  disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2130 H484  *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap CAP256-SU.  SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  CAP256_SU.W34.77 201C, D368R, 433C,  Week34.clone77 disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2131 H485 *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap CAP256-SU.  SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  CAP256_SU.W34.80 201C, D368R, 433C,  Week34.clone80 disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2132 H486  *BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N.D368R.V1V2. BG505 chimera V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap CAP256-SU.  SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  CAP256_SU.W34.781 201C, D368R, 433C,  Week34.clone81 disulfide stabilization, cd4  T332N binding site KO, 2133 H487 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.CAP256_SU CNE58/136505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap CAP256-SU SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on  chimeric backbone 2134 H488 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.BB201.1342 CNE58/136505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap BB201.1342 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on  chimeric backbone 2135 H489 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.KER2018.11 CNE58/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap KER2018.11 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on  chimeric backbone 2136 H490 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.CH070.1 CNE58/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap CH070.1 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on  chimeric backbone 2137 H491 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.ZM233.6 CNE58/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap ZM233.6 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on  chimeric backbone 2138 H492 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.Q23 CNE58/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap Q23 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on  chimeric backbone 2139 H493 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.A244 CNE58/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap A244 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on  chimeric backbone 2140 H494 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.WITO CNE58/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap WITO SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on chimeric backbone 2141 H495 *CNE58.SOSIP.R6.V1V2.T250.4 CNE58/BG505  V1V2SOSIP; 664; R6;  V1V2 Swap T250.4 SOSIP, V1V2 swap, 201-422  chimera 201C, 433C disulfide stabilization, on  chimeric backbone 2142 0 426c GenBank: KC769518.1, incorporated by reference herein as present in GenBank on September 3, 2015 MDAMKRGLCCVLLLCGAVFVSPSASVGNLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVN VTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGElKNCSFDITTEIRDKTRKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTLTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQ LLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLSDNAKIIIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLF NDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKAIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTTNNTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVEIKPLGVAPTDAKSSVVESNKSAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASI TLTVQARQLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAIEAQQHMLQLTVWGIKQLQTRVLAIERYLKDQQLLGLWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNISWSNKSKEEIWENMTWMQWDREINNYTNTIYRLLEESQNQQENNEKDLLALDS WNNLWNWFNITNWLWYIK 2143 0 426c DNA 2144 0 426c.N276D.N460D.N463D GenBank: KC769519.1, incorporated by reference herein as present in GenBank on September 3, 2015 MDAMKRGLCCVLLLCGAVFVSPSASVGNLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNCTNVN VTSNSTNVNSSSTDNTTLGEIKNCSFDITTEIRDKTRKEYALFYRLDIVPLDNSSNPNSSNTYRLINCNTSTLTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQ LLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKDLSDNAKIIIVQLNKSVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLF NDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKAIYAPPIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGDTTDNTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVEIKPLGVAPTDAISSVVESNKSAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASI TLTVQARQLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAIEAQQHMLQLTVWGIKQLQTRVLAIERYLKDQQLLGLWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNISWSNKSKEEIWENMTWMQWDREINNYTNTIYRLLEESQNQQENNEKDLLALDS WNNLWNWFNITNWLWYIK 2145 0 45_01dG5 GenBank: JQ609687.1, incorporated by reference herein as present in GenBank on September 3, 2015 MRVMGIRKNCQRLWRGGTLFLGILMIFSAAENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLNC TDYLGNATNTTSSSGGAMEGGEIKNCSFNITTSMRDKMQKEYALFYKLDVVSIDNDNASTNYRLISCNTSVITQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQL LLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQSSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLF NSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKAMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGLAPTRAKRRVVQREKRAVGIGAVFLGF LGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARLLLSGIVQQQNNLLRAIEAQQHLLQLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLKDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNASWSNKSLDKIWNNMTWMEWEREINNYTGLIYNLIEESQNQ QEKNEQELLELDKWASLWNWFDITKWLWYIKIFIMIVGGLVGLRIIFTVLSIVNRVRQGYSPLSFQTHLPAPRGPDRPEGIGEEGGEQDRDRSDRLVTGFLAIFWVDLRSLCLFSYHRLRDLLLIVTRIV ELLGRRGWEILKYWWNLLQYWNQELKNSAVSLLNATAIVVAEGTDRVIEVLQRAFRAVLNIPTRIRQGLERALL 2146 H496 *426c-v1v2-WITO-degly4-DS-gly504-gly661 BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 426c with N276, N460 and N463 glycan mutations; 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTATCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNK SVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAP PIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQH LLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2147 H497 *426c-v1v2-WITO-degly3-DS-gly504-gly661 BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 426c with N276, N460 and N463 glycan mutations; 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNK SVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAPP IKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLL KLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2148 H498 *426c-v1v2-ZM233-degly4-DS-gly504-gly661 BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 426c with N276, N460 and N463 glycan mutations; 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTATCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNKSVEIVCTR PNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAPPIKGNITC KSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGI KQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2149 H499 *426c-v1v2-ZM233-degly3-DS-gly504-gly661 BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 426c with N276, N460 and N463 glycan mutations; 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsTCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNKSVEIVCTR PNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAPPIKGNITC KSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGI KQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2150 H500 *d45-v1v2-WITO-01dG5chim-DS-gly504- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 45_01dG5, gly661 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQsSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQII NMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQ QSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2151 H501 *d45-v1v2-WITO-01dG5chim-degly3-DS- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 45_01dG5, gly504-gly661 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQII NMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQ QSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2152 H502 *d45-v1v2-WITO-01dG5chim-degly4-DS- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 45_01dG5, gly504-gly661 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTaVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNE TVEINCTRPNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQII NMWQEVGKCMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQ QSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2153 H503 *d45-v1v2-ZM233-01dG5chim-DS-gly504- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 45_01dG5, gly661 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQsSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2154 H504 *d45-v1v2-ZM233-01dG5chim-degly3-DS- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 45_01dG5, gly504-gly661 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2155 H505 *d45-v1v2-ZM233-01dG5chim-degly4-DS- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 45_01dG5, gly504-gly661 201C/433C; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTaVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQaSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGRRRRRRAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAP EAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2156 H506 *Sc15ln 426c-v1v2-WITO-degly4-DS- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 426c with gly504-gly661 N276, N460 and N463 glycan mutations; 201C/433C, single chain format with 15 AA linker; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTATCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNK SVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAP PIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLL RAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2157 H507 *Sc10ln 426c-v1v2-WITO-degly4-DS- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 426c with gly504-gly661 N276, N460 and N463 glycan mutations; 201C/433C, single chain format with 10 AA linker; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEAKTTLFCASDAKAYEKEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNDMVDQMQEDVISIWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLHCTNVTISSTNGSTANVTMREEMKNCSFNTT TVIRDKIQKEYALFYKLDIVPIEGKNTNTGYRLINCNTATCTQACPKVTFDPIPIHYCAPAGYAILKCNNKTFNGKGPCNNVSTVQCTHGIKPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSKNLADNAKIIIVQLNK SVEIVCTRPNNNTRRSIRIGPGQTFYATDIIGDIRQAYCNISGRNWSEAVNQVKKKLKEHFPHKNISFQSSSGGDLEITTHSFNCGGEFFYCNTSGLFNDTISNATIMLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKCIYAP PIKGNITCKSDITGLLLLRDGGNTANNAEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnvtGGGSGGGGSGGAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNLLRAPEA QQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2158 H508 *Sc15ln d45-v1v2-ZM233-01dG5chim-DS-g1y504- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 45_01dG5; 201C/433C, single gly661 chain format with 15 AA linker; add 504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQsSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQ QQSNLLRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD 2159 H509 *Sc10ln d45-v1v2-ZM233-01dG5chim-DS- BG505 platform; heterologous V1V2; remainder 45_01dG5;  gly504-gly661 201C/433C, single chain format with 10 AA linker; add  504/661 sequons for glycosylation of membrane proximal region AENLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATATLFCASDAKAYETEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVTLDCSTYNNTHNISKEMKICSFNMTTELRDKKR KVNVLFYKLDLVPLTNSSNTTNYRLISCNTsVCTQACPKISFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENIKDNAKIIIVQLNETVEINCTR PNNNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGAIIGDIRQAHCNISKAKWENTLKQIARKLREHFKNETIAFNQsSGGDPEIVMHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWTWNDTEVVNNTEKNINITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGK CMYAPPIKGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGSSTNGTTETFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTRCKRnVtGGGSGGGGSGGAVGIGAVFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARNLLSGIVQQQSNL LRAPEAQQHLLKLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICCTNVPWNSSWSNRNLSEIWDNMTWLQWDKEISNYTQIIYGLLEESQNQQEKNEQDLnAtD

It will be apparent that the precise details of the methods or compositions described may be varied or modified without departing from the spirit of the described embodiments. We claim all such modifications and variations that fall within the scope and spirit of the claims below. Unless indicated otherwise, HIV-1 Env amino acid positions listed in the following claims correspond to the HXB2 numbering system using the HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 1 

1. An isolated immunogen, comprising: a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation by a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433, wherein the HIV-1 Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 1. 2. The immunogen of claim 1, wherein: (A) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer further comprises a proline substitution at position 559; a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605; or a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605 and a proline substitution at position 559; to stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment in the prefusion mature closed conformation; (B) the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer specifically binds to VRC26 mAb and/or PGT145 mAb, and does not specifically bind to 17b mAb when incubated with a molar excess of sCD4. (C) the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer comprises three gp120-gp41 protomers comprising a gp120 polypeptide comprising or consisting of HIV-1 Env positions 31-507 and a gp41 ectodomain comprising or consisting of HIV-1 Env positions 512-664 (D) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer comprises a BG505 Env ectodomain trimer modified to comprise the one or more amino acid substitutions; and/or (E) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is a chimera comprising: (i) a V1V2 domain of an HIV-1 Env protein from any one of a CAP256.SU, a BB201.B42, a KER2018.11, a CH070.1, a ZM233.6, a Q23.17, a A244, a T250-4, or a WITO.33, strain of HIV-1; gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-508 and a gp41 ectodomain from a BG505 strain of HIV-1; and the remaining gp120 positions from a 45_01dG5 strain of HIV-1; (ii) a V1V2 domain of an HIV-1 Env protein from any one of a CAP256.SU, a BB201.B42, a KER2018.11, a CH070.1, a ZM233.6, a Q23.17, a A244, a T250-4, or a WITO.33, strain of HIV-1; gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-508 and a gp41 ectodomain from a BG505 strain of HIV-1; and the remaining gp120 positions from a 426c strain further comprising amino acid substitutions to remove N-linked glycan sequons at positions 276, 460, 463; or (iii) a V1V2 domain of an HIV-1 Env protein from any one of a CAP256.SU, a BB201.B42, a KER2018.11, a CH070.1, a ZM233.6, a Q23.17, a A244, a T250-4, or a WITO.33, strain of HIV-1; and the remaining gp120 positions from a BG505 strain of HIV-1; and wherein the chimera further comprises the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation 3-6. (canceled)
 7. An isolated immunogen, comprising: a recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment thereof stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation by one or more amino acid substitutions compared to a native HIV-1 Env sequence; wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer comprises three gp120-gp41 protomers comprising a gp120 polypeptide and a gp41 ectodomain; and the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer does not specifically bind to a CD4-induced antibody when incubated with a molar excess of sCD4.
 8. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the gp41 ectodomain comprise an α7 helix that forms C-terminal to position 570; and the distance between positions 200 and 313 of the gp120 polypeptides in the trimer is less than five angstroms, wherein the HIV-1 Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 1. 9. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment specifically binds to PGT145 mAb and/or VRC26 mAb, and does not specifically bind to 17b mAb when incubated with a molar excess of sCD4; and optionally binds to a unmutated common ancestor (UCA) of a broadly neutralizing antibody related to a VRC26 antibody, a VRC01 antibody, a CH01 antibody, a PG9 antibody, and/or a PGT145 antibody, with a K_(D) of less than 10⁻⁵.
 10. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein: the N-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is one of HIV-1 Env positions 1-35; the C-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is one of HIV-1 Env positions 503-512; the N-terminal residue of the gp41 ectodomain is one of HIV-1 Env positions 512-522; and/or the C-terminal residue of the gp41 ectodomain is one of HIV-1 Env positions 624-705, and wherein the HIV-Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 1. 11. The immunogen of claim 10, wherein the gp120 polypeptide comprises or consists of HIV-1 Env positions 31-507, and the gp41 ectodomain comprises or consists of HIV-1 Env positions 512-664, wherein the HIV-Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 1. 12. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the gp120 polypeptide and the gp41 ectodomain comprise amino acid sequences of positions 31-511 and 512-664 (HXB2 numbering), respectively, of the HIV-1 Env amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 2 (BG505), SEQ ID NO: 51 (CAP256.SU), SEQ ID NO: 81 (BB201.B42), SEQ ID NO: 107 (KER2018.11), SEQ ID NO: 174 (CH070.1), SEQ ID NO: 745 (ZM233.6), SEQ ID NO: 746 (Q23.17), SEQ ID NO: 747 (A244), SEQ ID NO: 2114 (T250-4), or SEQ ID NO: 748 (WITO.33), or sequences at least 80% identical thereto that comprise the at least one amino acid substitution that stabilizes the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.
 13. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is a chimera comprising amino acid sequences from at least two HIV-1 strains, wherein the gp41 ectodomain, an N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide comprising a β-4 strand, and a C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide comprising a β26 strand, are from a first strain of HIV-1; and the remaining sequence of the gp120 polypeptide are from a heterologous strain of HIV-1; and the sequences of the first and heterologous strains have been modified to comprise one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.
 14. The immunogen of claim 13, wherein: (A) the N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide further comprises a β-3 strand from the first HIV-1 strain; and the C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide further comprises a β25 strand or a β25 strand and a α5 helix from the first HIV-1 strain; (B) the N- and C-terminal regions of the gp120 polypeptide comprise gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-508, respectively; (C) the gp120 polypeptide further comprises the sequence of positions 46-54, 70-75, 84-89, 99, 102, 106, 107, 114, 215, 220-224, 226, 244, 471-473, and 476-477 from the first HIV-1 strain; (D) the gp120 polypeptide further comprises the sequence of one of the following from the first HIV-1 strain: a V1 loop; a V2 loop; a Strand C of the V1V2 domain; a V3 domain; Positions 191-205; a V2 loop and a V3 loop; a Strand C of the V1V2 domain and a V3 domain; Positions 191-205 and a Strand C of the V1V2 domain; a V1 loop and a V3 domain; a V1 loop, a Strand C of the V1V2 domain, and a V3 domain; a V1 loop, a V2 loop, and a V3 domain; or a V1V2 domain; (E) the V1 loop comprises gp120 positions 119-153, the V2 loop comprises gp120 positions 154-205, the Strand C of the V1V2 domain comprises gp120 positions 166-173, the V3 domain comprises gp120 positions 296-331, and the V1V2 domain comprises gp120 positions 126-196; (F) the first strain is BG505; and/or (G) the heterologous strain is selected from one of the following HIV-1 strains: BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2, 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9, 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1, 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8, AC10.29, CH038.12, CNE58, CH117.4, CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, WITO.33, 426c, 45_01dG5, and JRFL, strain of HIV-1, particularly wherein the heterologous strain is the JRFL strain of HIV-1. 15-18. (canceled)
 19. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is a chimera comprising amino acid sequences from at least two HIV-1 strains, wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer comprises a V1V2 domain of an HIV-1 Env protein from a heterologous HIV-1 strain, and the remainder of the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain is from a first strain of HIV-1, optionally wherein the V1V2 domain comprises positions 126-196. 20-21. (canceled)
 22. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer is a chimera comprising amino acid sequences from at least three HIV-1 strains, wherein the gp41 ectodomain, an N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide comprising a β-4 strand, and a C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide comprising a β26 strand, are from a first strain of HIV-1; a V1V2 domain of the gp120 polypeptide is from a second strain of HIV-1; and the remaining sequence of the gp120 polypeptide is from a heterologous strain of HIV-1; and the sequences of the first, second, and heterologous strains have been modified to comprise the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.
 23. The immunogen of claim 22, wherein: (A) the N-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide further comprises a β-3 strand from the first HIV-1 strain; and the C-terminal region of the gp120 polypeptide further comprises a β25 strand or a β25 strand and a α5 helix from the first HIV-1 strain; (B) the N- and C-terminal regions of the gp120 polypeptide comprise gp120 positions 31-45 and 478-508, respectively; (C) the V1V2 domain comprises gp120 positions 126-196; (D) the gp120 polypeptide further comprises positions 46-54, 70-75, 84-89, 99, 102, 106, 107, 114, 215, 220-224, 226, 244, 471-473, and 476-477 from the first HIV-1 strain; (E) the first strain is BG505; (F) the second strain is selected from one of the following HIV-1 strains: BI369.9A, MB201.A1, QH209.14M.A2, 0921.V2.C14, 16055-2.3, 25925-2.22, 286.36, CAP45.G3, DU156.12, DU422.01, MW965.26, ZM53.12, ZM55.28a, ZM106.9, 3301.V1.C24, 6545.V4.C1, 620345.c1, C1080.c3, C4118.09, CNE55, TH966.8, AC10.29, CH038.12, CNE58, CH117.4, CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, WITO.33, and JRFL, strain of HIV-1; (G) the second strain is one of CAP256.SU, BB201.B42, KER2018.11, CH070.1, ZM233.6, Q23.17, A244, T250-4, WITO.33, and JRFL; (H) the heterologous strain is a 45_01dG5 strain; (I) the heterologous strain is a 426c strain further comprising amino acid substitutions to remove the N-linked glycan sequons at positions 276, 460, 463; and/or (J) the second and heterologous strains are respectively one of: CAP256.SU and 426c; BB201.B42 and 426c; KER2018.11 and 426c; CH070.1 and 426c; ZM233.6 and 426c; Q23.17 and 426c; A244 and 426c; T250-4 and 426c; WITO.33 and 426c; CAP256.SU and 45_01dG5; BB201.B42 and 45_01dG5; KER2018.11 and 45_01dG5; CH070.1 and 45_01dG5: ZM233.6 and 45_01dG5; 023.17 and 45_01dG5: A244 and 45_01dG5; T250-4 and 45_01dG5: or WITO.33 and 45_01dG5; and wherein the 426c strain further comprises amino acid substitutions to remove the N-linked glycan sequons at positions 276, 460,
 463. 24-32. (canceled)
 33. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation comprise cysteine substitutions in a V2 domain and a β21 sheet of the recombinant HIV-1 ectodomain trimer to form a non-native disulfide bond between the V2 domain and the β21 sheet that stabilizes the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.
 34. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation comprise cysteine amino acid substitutions to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond between any one of: one of gp120 positions 179-180 and one of gp120 positions 420-423; one of gp120 positions 190-210 and one of gp120 positions 425-437; one of gp120 positions 198-202 and one of gp120 positions 428-437; one of gp120 positions 179-180 and one of gp120 positions 421-423; or one of gp120 positions 195-201 and one of gp120 positions 423-433, wherein the non-natural disulfide bond stabilizes the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation; particularly wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions comprise cysteine amino acid substitutions to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond between one of gp120 positions 195-201 and one of gp120 positions 423-433, wherein the non-natural disulfide bond stabilizes the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.
 35. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation comprise cysteine substitutions to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond between any one of HIV-1 Env positions 36 and 496, 36 and 498, 37 and 497, 38 and 496, 36 and 608, 55 and 77, 57 and 77, 58 and 77, 66 and 209, 68 and 208, 68 and 209, 120 and 315, 122 and 125, 122 and 203, 122 and 317, 122 and 433, 124 and 164, 124 and 166, 128 and 165, 128 and 167, 163 and 170, 164 and 197, 164 and 308, 172 and 307, 174 and 318, 174 and 319, 175 and 319, 176 and 180, 180 and 421, 180 and 423, 195 and 423, 195 and 433, 199 and 431, 199 and 433, 200 and 313, 200 and 432, 201 and 433, 202 and 434, 202 and 433, 204 and 434, 204 and 436, 206 and 318, 212 and 252, 225 and 245, 225 and 488, 257 and 375, 294 and 333, 298 and 329, 304 and 440, 318 and 437, 320 and 438, 364 and 372, 370 and 426, 380 and 426, 382 and 424, 425 and 433, and 425 and 430, wherein the non-natural disulfide bond stabilizes the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation; particularly wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions comprise cysteine amino acid substitutions to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond between one of: HIV-1 Env positions 120 and 315; HIV-1 Env positions 195 and 433; HIV-1 Env positions 199 and 433; HIV-1 Env positions 201 and 433; or HIV-1 Env positions 425 and
 433. 36. The immunogen of claim 35, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions comprise one of V36C and V496C, V36C and P498C, T37C and A497C, V38C and V496C, V36C and V608C, A55C and T77C, D57C and T77C, A58C and T77C, V66C and S209C, V68C and V208C, V68C and S209C, V120C and Q315C, L122C and L125C, L122C and Q203C, L122C and A433C, P124C and T164C, P124C and R166C, T128C and L165C, T128C and T167C, T163C and Q170C, E164C and N197C, S174C and A319C, L175C and T320C, F176C and D180C, D180C and K421C, D180C and I423C, N195C and I423C, N195C and A433C, S199C and G431C, S199C and A433C, A200C and P313C, A200C and Q432C, I201C and A433C, T202C and M434C, T202C and A433C, A204C and M434C, A204C and A436C, P212C and K252C, I225C and V245C, I225C and V488C, T257C and S375C, I294C and V333C, R298C and A329C, R304C and Q440C, Y318C and P437C, T320C and P438C, S364C and T372C, E370C and M426C, G380C and M426C, F382C and I424C, N425C and A433C, and N425C and I430C, to introduce a non-natural disulfide bond that stabilizes the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.
 37. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation comprise any one or more of the following: 112I, 112M, 120T, 122K, 120P, 202P, 427I, 427M, 429N, 429L, 432P, 432E, 432D, 433P, 434P, 435P, 436P, 437A, 438A, 474A, 476A, or a combination of two or more thereof.
 38. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises a proline amino acid substitution at position 66, position 67, or positions 66 and 67, wherein the proline amino acid substitution inhibits formation of a c0 helix in the HIV-1 Env ectodomain to stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain in the prefusion mature closed conformation.
 39. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation comprise a cavity filling amino acid substitution at any one or more of HIV-1 Env positions 39, 50, 53, 55, 61, 68, 70, 75, 77, 110, 111, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123, 125, 136, 139, 151, 153, 154, 159, 161, 164, 173, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 191, 198, 201, 202, 203, 204, 208, 209, 220, 223, 245, 246, 254, 260, 261, 263, 302, 309, 317, 323, 326, 328, 332, 380, 421, 423, 426, 429, 431, 432, 436, 437, 473, 478, 522, 523, 530, 534, or 544, wherein the cavity filling substitution stabilizes the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation.
 40. The immunogen of claim 39, wherein the cavity filling substitution comprises a 50W, 53W, 55F, 61W, 68L, 70F, 70Y, 75W, 75F, 75M, 77F, 110W, 111Y, 111F, 111W, 114W, 115W, 117E, 117W, 118W, 120W, 121E, 123W, 125W, 125F, 136W, 139W, 151E, 153F, 153W, 154F, 154W, 159W, 159Y, 161W, 164F, 164W, 173W, 175F, 175W, 176W, 177W, 179W, 180L, 191W, 191F, 198F, 201W, 202F, 202W, 203V, 204F, 204W, 208W, 208Y, 208F, 208M, 209R, 220W, 223W, 245F, 246W, 254F, 260F, 261F, 263W, 302F, 302W, 309W, 317W, 326R, 328W, 323W, 326F, 332F, 380F, 421W, 423F, 423W, 426W, 426A, 426F, 426P, 429W, 431P, 432F, 432W, 436M, 436F, 436W, 437F, 473A, 473S, 473Y, 478F, 522Y, 523F, 530W, 534V, 534A, or 544Y substitution, or a combination of two or more thereof; or wherein the cavity filling substitution comprises a T50W, A55F, F53W, Y61W, V68L, A70F, A70Y, V75W, V75F, V75M, T77F, S110W, L111W, L111Y, L111F, Q114W, S115W, K117E, K117W, P118W, V120W, K121E, T123W, L125W, L125F, N136W, T139W, R151E, E153F, E153W, L154F, L154W F159W, F159Y, M161W, E164F, E164W, Y173W, L175F, L175W, F176W Y177W, L179W, D180L, Y191W, Y191F, T198F, I201W, T202F, T202W, Q203V, A204F, A204W, V208W, V208Y, V208F, V208, S209R, P220W, F223W, V245F, Q246W, V254F, L260F, L261F, G263W, N302F, N302W, I309W, F317W, I323W, I326F, I326R, Q328W, I332F, G380F, K421W, I423W, I423F, M426W, M426A, M426F, M426P, R429W, G431P, Q432F, Q432W, A436M, A436F, A436W, P437F, G473A, G473S, G473Y, N478F, F522Y, L523F, M530W, S534V, S534A, or L544Y substitution, or a combination of two or more thereof.
 41. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation comprise: (a) a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at one of positions 174 and 319, 195 and 433, 199 and 433, 199 and 431, 201 and 433, 221 and 582, or 304 and 440; (b) non-natural disulfide bonds between cysteine substitutions at positions: (i) 195 and 433, and 304 and 440; (ii) 195 and 433, and 174 and 319; (iii) 199 and 433, and 304 and 440; (iv) 199 and 433, and 174 and 319; (v) 201 and 433, and 304 and 440; or (vi) 201 and 433, and 174 and 319; (c) a tryptophan substitution at position 223 and a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at one of positions 195 and 433, 199 and 433, or 201 and 433; or (d) a proline substitution at position 432 or 433; and wherein the HIV-Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 1. 42. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation further comprise: (a) a non-natural disulfide bond between cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605; (b) a proline substitution at position 559; or (c) a combination of (a) and (b); and wherein the HIV-Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 1. 43. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the HIV-1 Env ectodomain further comprises a non-natural disulfide bond between a pair of cysteine substitutions at positions 41 and 540, 41 and 541, 43 and 526, 51 and 574, 53 and 574, 51 and 578, 43 and 540, 88 and 527, 107 and 574, 220 and 578, 221 and 582, 428 and 560, 428 and 561, 428 and 562, 498 and 610, 550 and 575, or 551 and 575, 36 and 606, 37 and 606, 41 and 537, 73 and 572, 84 and 521, 89 and 527, or a combination of two or more non-natural disulfide bonds between the pairs of cysteines, wherein the non-natural disulfide bond or combination thereof stabilizes the HIV-1 Env ectodomain; and wherein the HIV-Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 1. 44. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein: the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions that introduce an N-linked glycosylation site at the N-terminus of the gp120 polypeptide, the C-terminus of the gp120 polypeptide, and/or the C-terminus of the gp41 polypeptide. the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions that introduce an N-linked glycosylation site at one of position 33, 35, 502, 504, 658, or 661, or a combination of two or more thereof; the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions that introduce N-linked glycosylation sites at positions 35 and 504, 33 and 661, 504 and 661, or 502 and 661; and/or the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain further comprises one or more amino acid substitutions that introduce N-linked glycosylation sites at positions 504 and 661, and wherein the HIV-Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 1
 45. (canceled)
 46. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the gp120-gp41 protomers are single chain HIV-1 Env ectodomains, and wherein the N-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is linked to the C-terminal residue of the gp41 ectodomain by a heterologous peptide linker.
 47. The immunogen of claim 46, wherein: (A) the heterologous peptide linker joins gp120 and gp41 positions 507 and 512, 503 and 519, 504 and 519, 503 and 522, or 504 and 522, respectfully. (B) the heterologous peptide linker joins gp120 and gp41 positions 507 and 512, respectfully (C) the heterologous peptide linker comprises a 10 amino acid glycine-serine linker; and/or (D) the heterologous peptide linker comprises the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 528 (GGSGGGGSGG) 48-50. (canceled)
 51. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the gp120-gp41 protomers in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer are linked to a transmembrane domain.
 52. The immunogen of claim 51, wherein: (A) the N-terminal residue of the gp120 polypeptide is linked to the transmembrane domain and/or the C-terminal residue of the gp41 ectodomain is linked to the transmembrane domain. (B) the gp120-gp41 protomers in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer are linked to the transmembrane domain by a heterologous peptide linker or by a native HIV-1 Env MPER sequence; (C) the peptide linker comprises a 10 amino acid glycine-serine peptide linker; (D) the heterologous peptide linker comprises the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 528 (GGSGGGGSGG); and/or (E) the transmembrane domains comprises the amino acid sequence set forth as one of SEQ ID NOs: 568, 560, 562, 758, 760, 762, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical thereto 53-56. (canceled)
 57. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain comprises: (A) a cysteine substitution at position 90, 238, 529, 624, or 625 that can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine residue on a 35O22 antibody or clonal variant thereof; (B) a cysteine substitution at position 449 that can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine residue on a VRC01 antibody or clonal variant thereof; (C) a cysteine substitution at position 323 that can form a non-natural disulfide bond with a cysteine residue on a PGT122 antibody or clonal variant thereof; (D) a combination of (B) or (C), and (A); or (E) a combination of (A), (B), and (C); and wherein the HIV-Env positions correspond to a HXB2 reference sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:
 1. 58. The immunogen of claim 57, comprising: (A) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain crosslinked to a 35O22 antibody by a non-natural disulfide bond between the 90C substitution on the HIV-1 ectodomain and a 80C substitution (kabat numbering) on a heavy chain variable region of the 35O22 antibody; (B) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain crosslinked to a 35O22 antibody by a non-natural disulfide bond between the 238C substitution on the HIV-1 ectodomain and a 77C substitution (kabat numbering) on a heavy chain variable region of the 35O22 antibody; (C) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain crosslinked to a 35O22 antibody by a non-natural disulfide bond between the 529C substitution on the HIV-1 ectodomain and a 111C substitution (kabat numbering) on a heavy chain variable region of the 35O22 antibody; (D) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain crosslinked to a 35O22 antibody by a non-natural disulfide bond between the 624C substitution on the HIV-1 ectodomain and a 109C or 112C substitution (kabat numbering) on a heavy chain variable region of the 35O22 antibody; (E) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain crosslinked to a 35O22 antibody by a non-natural disulfide bond between the 625C substitution on the HIV-1 ectodomain and a 109C substitution (kabat numbering) on a heavy chain variable region of the 35O22 antibody; (F) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain crosslinked to a VRC01 antibody by a non-natural disulfide bond between the 449C substitution on the HIV-1 ectodomain and a 60C or 61C substitution (kabat numbering) on a heavy chain variable region of the VRC01 antibody; (G) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain crosslinked to a PGT122 antibody by a non-natural disulfide bond between the 323C substitution on the HIV-1 ectodomain and a 29C or 67C substitution (kabat numbering) on a heavy chain variable region of the PGT122 antibody; (H) a combination of (F) or (G), and one of (A)-(E); or (G) a combination of (F), (G), and one of (A)-(E).
 59. An isolated immunogen, comprising: a recombinant polypeptide comprising a V1, V2, and V3 domain of HIV-1 Env stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation and linked to a heterologous scaffold protein, optionally wherein the heterologous scaffold protein is a heterologous HIV-1 ectodomain stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation by one or more amino acid substitutions; optionally wherein the recombinant polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 836-843, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical thereto.
 60. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation comprise: cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433 substitutions to introduce a disulfide bond in the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer; cysteine substitutions at positions 501 and 605 to introduce a disulfide bond in the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer; and a proline substitution at position
 559. 61. The immunogen of claim 60, wherein the gp120-gp41 protomers in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer comprise the amino acid sequence set forth as one of SEQ ID NOs: 26, 1057-1077, 1400-1579.
 62. The immunogen of claim 61, comprising BG505.SOSIP.R6.664.T332N_I201C/A433C.
 63. The immunogen of claim 7, further comprising a D368R substitution, an N-linked glycosylation site at position 332, an R6 substitution, or a combination thereof.
 64. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the gp120-gp41 protomers in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer comprise: the amino acid sequence set forth as one of SEQ ID NO: 26, 856, 871, 872, 881, 888, 902, 908, 917, 924, 930, 933, 937, 938, 940, 953, 962, 964, 973, 978, 990, 1010, 1025, 1034, 1035, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1244, 1643, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1732, 1735, 1736, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1744, 1752, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, or 2159, or an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical thereto; the amino acid sequence set forth as one of SEQ ID NOs: 1244-1764, or an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical thereto; or the amino acid sequence set forth as one of SEQ ID NOs: 1765-2098, or an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical thereto. 65-66. (canceled)
 67. The immunogen of claim 7, wherein the gp120-gp41 protomers in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer are linked to trimerization domains, optionally wherein the trimerization domains are Foldon domains, optionally wherein the gp120-gp41 protomers linked to the trimerization domains comprise an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 508-510, or 844-853, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical thereto.
 68. A protein nanoparticle comprising the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment of claim
 7. 69. The protein nanoparticle of claim 69, wherein: (A) the protein nanoparticle is a ferritin nanoparticle, an encapsulin nanoparticle, a Sulfur Oxygenase Reductase (SOR) nanoparticle, a lumazine synthase nanoparticle or a pyruvate dehydrogenase nanoparticle; (B) the protein nanoparticle comprises two or more of the recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins, and wherein the two or more recombinant HIV-1 Env proteins are from two or more different strains of HIV-1; and/or (C) the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or immunogenic fragment comprises gp120/gp41 protomers linked to a protein nanoparticle subunit that comprise an amino acid sequence set forth as any one of 471-507, 596-645, 797-835, 1099-1113, or 1201-1218, or an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical thereto. 70-71. (canceled)
 72. An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer or the immunogenic fragment thereof of claim
 7. 73. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 72, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes a precursor protein of the gp120/gp41 protomers in the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer.
 74. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 72, operably linked to a promoter.
 75. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim
 74. 76. An isolated host cell comprising the vector of claim
 75. 77. (canceled)
 78. An immunogenic composition comprising an effective amount of the immunogen of claim 7, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 79. The immunogenic composition of claim 78, further comprising an adjuvant.
 80. A method for generating an immune response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the immunogenic composition of claim 78, thereby generating the immune response.
 81. A method for treating or preventing a Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the immunogenic composition of claim 78, thereby treating the subject or preventing HIV-1 infection of the subject.
 82. The method of claim 80, comprising a prime-boost administration of the immunogenic composition.
 83. A method for detecting or isolating an antibody that specifically binds to HIV-1 Env from a subject, comprising: providing an effective amount of the immunogen of claim 7; contacting a biological sample from the subject with the immunogen under conditions sufficient to form an immune complex between the immunogen and the antibody that specifically binds to HIV-1 Env; and detecting the immune complex, thereby detecting or isolating the antibody from the subject.
 84. The method of claim 80, wherein the subject is at risk of or has an HIV-1 infection. 85-87. (canceled)
 88. The immunogen of claim 1, wherein the one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the recombinant HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer in the prefusion mature closed conformation comprise cysteine substitutions at positions 201 and 433 to introduce a disulfide bond in the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimer. 